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Dial of 47,416 at «■ Mil m t* a> L - . «v 7* 1%. *" 37,615 Are Totally Idle and z 9,801 on U. S. Work, 2, Survey Shows. The final report of the unemploy ment census here shows 37,615 persons tqJSallv unemployed and 9,801 on Fed eral' emergency work, for a total of 4^416. These figures, based on the canvass otthis past fall, were made public last ntfeht by Administrator John D. Big gfys. On the basis of an estimated population of 627,000, it would mean taut nearly 7 per cent of potential em ployables in the District were jobless or, dependent on some form of Gov ernment support. 4n addition, there were 12,174 re porting partial unemployment. The unemployed were divided; White, male, 8.480; female, 6.435; col offd, male. 10.526; female, 12,093; ether races, male, 52; female. 29. -Of the partly unemployed, 4,610 were white, and 7.537 colored. Of emer gency workers these classifications vafire, respectively. 4.615 and 5,167. Unemployment was heaviest in the 20-24 age group, 7.144 persons being njft of work. Next was 25-29. with 5.J15. The age groups run from 15 to 74 and in every group up to the 40-44 cJO-ss the unemployment was over the 4£00 mark. Between 40-44 it was 3^23, and from then on it graded riqtwn. -’''New workers" from 15 to 24 showed 3J646 totally unemployed and 479 on emergency projects. Women domi nated the jobless by approximately a 3-2 ratio, and males the emergency rolls in practically the same propor tion. Vote Hearing (Continued From First Page.) lieved, however, that the local gov ernment which Congress could estab lish here under authority of the pro vision would as nearly approach a State government as is passible without actually making the District an in dependent State. “Thus, with such a constitutional amendment in effect, Congress would no; be confronted, in granting powers to a locally elected government, as we hope it will, witl. the necessity of rie'ermining what the courts them selves seem unable to determine, namely, the dividing line between powers which are purely municipal r»nd those which it must now consti tutionally exercise as our State Leg islature. Gives Plebiscite Results. 7n giving the c immittee a summary of the results in the suffrage plebiscite of April 30 in which nearly 100,000 Wash ingtonians east ballots on the questions of national and local suf frage. Mr. Mondell said that 82,977 persons voted in favor of local self RO' err.ment and 10.937 against, while ffl.092 citizens favored national repre sentation and 6.832 opposed it. rMv. Finch, reading from a lengthy statement, cited numerous arguments to show' that citizens of the District are entitled to full privileges,of self government. |? He declared the time must come sooner or later when Congress and the people of the District will find it nec essary to plan jointly for the political fll’ure of this fast-growing political community and that therefore It would be to the advantage of both to know that neither Congress nor the people would be hampered in the proper solution of the problem by re strictions which the Supreme Court has placed upon the power Congress may now exercise toward granting Dis trict citizens “effective participation j In rheir own local gvernoment.” Would Broaden Powers. The proposed constitutional amend ment under the Lewis-Randolph measure would not. he declared, in teiiere with the discretion which Con gress may exercise with regard to Dis trict self government, but, on the other hand, would give it a broader fie: d in which to exercise discretion. "Members of Congress,” Mr. Finch stated, "could no longer say that they are burdened with the details of running our city government because of any constitutional mandate, but such burdens as might thereafter be theirs would fall upon them through their own choice, because of an un willingness to let the people of this Dlst rict run their own government.” Mr. Finch expressed the belief that the framers of the Constitution, in giving Congress the power of ex clusive legislation over the seat of Government, had in mind some such power as is proposed in section one of the Lewis-Randolph joint resolution. To support this belief, he referred members of Congress to the oft-re peated explanation of this power by James Madison, partly as follows: "'"The indispensable necessity of com plete authority at the seat of gov ernment carries its own evidence with i£ It is a power exercised by every legislature of the Union—I might My of the world—by virtue of its gen eral supremacy. Without it, not only tfte public authority might be in sulted and its proceedings interrupted impunity, but a dependent of the members of the general government on the State comprehending the 55at of government, for protection W) the exercise of their duty, might Bring on the national councils an im putation of awe or influence, equally dishonorable to the government and (^satisfactory to the other members Of the confederacy. ” “This consideration has the more weight, as the gradual accumulation of public improvements at the sta tionary residence of the Government would be both too great a public pledge to be left In the hands of a single state, ftid^would create so many obstacles to the Temoval of a Government as still fiirtkher to abridge its necessary inde jjtnjjence.” * ^Congress Authority Supreme. ™Mr. Finch explained that this meant *£mply that Congress was to have the fijpreme authority at the seat of Gov Enment to avoid any interference on e part of any of the States. He ex pressed the opinion that it would be S keeping with the letter as well as e spirit of Madison's explanation If (Jongress should now, without consti tutional amendment, give the District k local republican form of government, #b long as Congress retained supreme authority. Finch declared he was bul Jrgrked in this belief by the rarely publicized statement of Alexander Hjj&ilton in the Federalist that citi jjejgt at the seat of Government would Iwvs the same interest in their Gov Jjgjfhent as citizens of the several ^^Jan we conceive,” the witness asked, "of a man of the genius of ' %■ D. C. Suffrage Leaders Testify at Hearings Wilbur S. Finch, chairman of the Citizens’ Conference on District Suffrage, tells the House Judiciary Committee em phatically that neither Madison nor Hamilton contemplated depriving this city of the vote. Concentrating his justification on local suffrage, Mr. Finch said Congress can constitutionally set up a form of municipal government here comparable to those in other United States communities. William H. Mondell, chairman of the Election Committee, puts before the House group the re sults of the plebiscite of April 30, shotting overwhelming sen timent here in favor of both lo cal and, national suffrage. —Star Staff Photos. Hamilton believing that one set of citizens would have the same interest in a government as another set when the first group, by the very document he was instrumental in drafting, was made a political outcast? The ques tion on its face shows its own ab surdity.” When Mr. Finch announced that he would like to make some •‘old-fash ioned'' observations regarding democ racy, Chairman Sumners remarked: “Well, we are pretty modern here, but go ahead anyway.” The chairman joined in the general laughter. Mr. Finch, in reverting to Madison’s quoted statement, explained that Madison was answering some objec tions which had been raised in New York against the adoption of the Con stitution by that State and which “seemed to anticipate the very situ ation in which we of the District now find ourselves.” Sought to Calm Opponents. He’said Madison sought to calm the fears of his opponents by telling them that "as it (the Federal districti is to be appropriated to this use with the consent of the State ceding it: as the State will no doubt provide in the com pact for the right and the consent of the citizens inhabiting it: as the inhab itants will find sufficient inducements of interest to become willing parties to the cession: as they will have had their voice in the election of the government which is to exercise authority over them: as a municipal Legislature for local purposes, derived from their own suffrages, will, of course, be allowed them, and as the authority of the Leg islature of the State and of the inhab itants of the ceded part of it, to concur in the cession, will be derived from the whole people of the State, in their adoption of the constitution, every imaginable objection seems to be ob viated.” Mr. Finch held that this statement showed a firm belief on Madison's part that the Constitution had made adequate provision for protection of the political rights of those who were to reside at the seat of Government, notwithstanding that Congress was to have the power of exclusive legisla tion over it. The witness called the attention of the hearing to the radio address last Mon day night of Theodore W. Noyes, chairman of the Citizens’ Joint Com mittee, in ijhich Mr. Noyes pointed out that the Constitution makers were engaged in a desperate struggle to create a union and were uncertain from day to day whether their efforts would succeed and that it was not sur prising, therefore, that they did not concern themselves with all of the details regarding voting rights of a possible future population occupying a possible future seat of government of a possible future republic. Must Look Beyond Constitution. “I believe it is only fair to the founding fathers and to those of us who must live here at the seat of Government,” Mr. Finch declared, “to interpret the congressional power of exclusive legislation over the seat Government as a curtailment of our political rights only in so far as neces sary in the interest of the superior public necessity which motivated its inclusion in the Constitution. “The founding fathers knew that the right to a share in the making of laws, its ancillary right of self-taxa tion and all other rights of American citizens—such as the right of trial by jury, the right of petition, the right of all men to be dealt with equally before the law and. so on—did not originate in America and therefore not in the Constitution of the United States, but was a heritage of the whole English-speaking race; that to find the true foundations of the political system of which they were a part we must look beyond the .Constitution, beyond the Declaration of Independ ence, even beyond the coming of the Mayflower to Plymouth; that the privileges of free citizens, as estab lished by Magna Charta, the Bill of Rights, the Habeas Corpus Act and by the whole fabric of the common I law were the patrimony of the Ameri can colonist from the outset; that the colonists brought these privileges across the Atlantic with them. Just as they brought the English language; that by migrating to America they lost none of the rights and liberties which they possessed at home; that they did not therefore create anew but brought with them the political tradi tions upon which a free Government could be set up " He declared that Madison and his colleagues also knew that the systems of local self government which the American colonists had set up by virtue of their inherited rights seem to be “a part of the very nature of the race to which we belong.” Mr. Finch quoted a resolution of the First Continental Congress of 1774 declaring that "the foundation of English liberty and of all free govern ment is a right in the people to par ticipate in their legislative council,” and that the people "are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved in all cases of tax ’ ation and internal policy, subject only I to the negative of their sovereign in ■ such manner as has heretofore been used and accustomed.” The Declaration of Independenc was also quoted by the witness in sup port of his arguments for local self expression. Must Rely on Congress. Mr. Pinch said citizens of the Dis trict must ‘‘bow in reverence to the dictum of our Supreme Court and ad mit that we are, by reason of our resi dence. at the very heart of the world’s democracy, completely impotent from a political point of view.” He said the citizens of Washington must rely on Congress to assist them in placing into the Constitution a pro vision ''which would afford us the op portunity of securing those political privileges which I believe we, as Amer ican citizens, are already justly en titled to enjoy.” He quoted a member of Congress as saying in 1878: "The fact that Con gress may, if it will, play the petty part of a city council does not make it either necessary or right to do so. The fact that it may. if It will, dis franchise the people is no justification for doing so. They have an inalien able right to the freest, most popular form of municipal organization com patible with the safety of life and property, with the preservation of good order and the security of the national property which is here. For us to give them less will be false to the most fundamental principles of American liberty." Mr. Pinch was questioned at some length by members of the committee after he had completed making his formal statement. Favors Amendment. In response to several questions, Mr. Pinch expressed the opinion that the only satisfactory method of achieving a republican form of government for the District was by constitutional amendment. Chairman Sumners askei if after passage of such an amendment Congress would be able to abolish i local form of government, once it hai been set up. Mr. Finch expressed th opinion that Congress at any tim could undo whatever it had done b; authority of the amendment. Th amendment. It was explained, wouli merely increase the power of Con gress to delegate powers to a Distric government. Mr. Lesh agreed with Mr. Finch tha congressional action with regard t local self-government would be rev ocable. Another committee question had t do with the possibility of ceding par of the District of Columbia back t Maryland, with a view to giving Dis trict citizens the vote through tha procedure. Mr. Finch pointed ou that a member of the Maryland dele gation in Congress was quoted recent 1 as objecting to such a plan on th grounds that the Federal Governmer' would retain “the cream of the Dis trict.” Doubts Power of Congress. Chairman Sumners inquired regard ing Supreme Court decisions with re spect to granting of suffrage to th District, asking if Congress has th power now to set up a new form c government in Washington. Mr. Fine said he seriously doubted if this powe existed in view of a Supreme Coui decision of 1889, in which considers tion was given to an act of territory legislation here. He did not elaborat on this decision. “Does Congress have the power < delegation now?" asked Representatn Michener. Republican, of Michigan. “I don't think so,’’ replied Mr. Find “The Supreme Court has placed ] technical restriction on congressiom i delegation of power and I think I constitutional amendment would t i necessary.” I Mr. Michener, in questioning M Mondell regarding the recent plebiscite asked if there was any "propaganda in opposition to suffrage in connectio with the referendum. The Reprt sentative commented that all of th newspaper publicity seemed to hav been favorable. Mr. Mondell said there was a con siderable amount of literature dis tributed in opposition to suffrage, bi he expressed the belief that there wa no organized opposition, because th people here want the vote. Many Problems Cited. Mr. Waldrop submitted to the com mlttee "corroborating evidence t demonstrate the inoperativeness of th District of Columbia government." H read from a calendar record showin the large amount of business con ducted by the District committees o the House and Senate and went int some detail to demonstrate the mlnut problems with which Congress i bothered in administering the muni cipal government. He pointed ou that some members of Congress hav expressed themselves as disliking serv ice on District committees. Chairman Ross Collins of the sub committee of the House appropria tlons committee dealing with the ; District was quoted by the witness as i saying he would “rather have the itch than to be the chairman of that committee.” Mr. Waldrop quoted at length from the so-called Jacobs report on fiscal relations between the Federal and local governments to demonstrate the "ability” of this city to pay for its own government The worst feature of the local gov ernment, as shown in this report, he said, was public health administra tion, which could be greatly improved, he said, "if we had control over our own appropriations.” Even though Congress intended the District of Columbia to participate in benefits of the Wagner Housing Act, Mr. Waldrop said an omission of law had made this benefit impossible and resulted in a new request to Congress to correct the deficiency. He pointed this out as an example of “our anom alous position.” Ayers Open* Opposition. Mr. Ayers, who opened for the op position, spoke briefly and introduced Mrs. Pryse. Mrs. Pryse concluded her arguments and Mr. Ayres will resume tomorrow morning. He told Chairman Sumners he would like to have an hour and a half in view of the time already allowed proponements of suf frage. Chairman Sumners, however, suggested that all witnesses tomorrow condense their statements so the state ments may be concluded then. Both Mr. Ayres and Mrs. Pryse com plained that the press of Washing ton—The Star in particular—had con sistently given more space in favor of i suffrage than against it. Mrs. Pryse charged that proponents had shown an unwillingness to debate the issue. If equal news space and radio time had been given the oppo sition, she said, the result of the recent referendum which was overwhelm ingly in favor of suffrage, “would have been entirely different.” Mrs. Pryse filed with the Judiciary Committee the minority report signed by herself, opposing national repre * | sentation, in the District of Columbia • Federation of Women's Clubs, of which 1 ; she is legislative chairman. She ex- 1 1 plained that the question of national j ■ i representation had come to a vote in ?: the District of Columbia Federation ' : of Women's Clubs and that they had ; J i voted 35 in favor of national repre- | I . sentation and 17 against. When this ‘ j result was forwarded to the General! II Federation of Women's Clubs. Mrs. Pryse said, the General Federation re- j 1 ported that because of her strong ' 3 minority report it did not feel it could ! take favorable action on national rep- i resentation. Her own club, the Marietta Women's \ c Club, she said, had voted 2 to 1 against j 3 national representation. t Income Tax Built I'p. t Mrs. Pryse charged that the Internal j . Revenue Bureau had notified members y. of Congress to file their income tax P returns in the local district here with t its headquarters in Baltimore. She _ claimed this bu.lt up the income tax | return for the District of Columbia ! unduly, because the members of Con- ] ' gress should have filed at home. " i In conclusion Mrs. Pryse said: "If suffrage is granted to the Dis- 1 - trict of Columbia it would only be L“ another pain in the neck to Congress. , 1 I insist that we already have repre- | 1 sentation, that of the whole Congress I of the United States. I would rather { place the administration of this Fed • ; eral City in the hands of 435 Congress- j II men and 96 Senators than in those of j B half a dozen local politicians. "Washington is one of the best gov lf emed cities in the world. Through the ! e interest of Congress and the spending of hundreds of millions of Federal i l- funds, it is fast becoming the mast J 8 beautiful city in the world. Why: I tinker with something that is almost 8 ideal? e "I submit, gentlemen, that if the i Federal Government were not located • i here Washington would be no more > than a mere village on the Potomac." " | Mr. Lesh, vice chairman of the II Citizens' Joint Committee, stressed the ■ | cause of national representation at the e opening session of the hearing yester e : day. District Commissioner George i ! E. Allen, who Is chairman of the ; • ! Committee on Congressional Hearings ‘ " j of the Citizens' Joint Committee, | t j launched the fight, with a stirring plea s for District suffrage. e “Irrevocable” Question Raised. During his comprehensive argument. Mr. Lesh was pressed by Chairman ■ Sumners on the point of whether > grants of suffrage in the pending joint - resolution were "irrevocable.” The - chairman said he thought there might 5 be "more difficulty” in getting through ■ Congress an "irrevocable provision” f than if the "power of control were left 5 in the hands of Congress." : In response, Mr. Lesh told the com 5 mittee that in his opinion the pending ' legislation would give Congress the “ power to revoke local suffrage, but he 1 insisted “I don't want to advocate rational representation with any Idea )f taking it away.” But even in granting national repre sentation, Mr. Lesh explained, if the imendment to the Constitution should se adopted, by requisite number of State Legislatures, it would still be left in the hands of Congress to take final action to effectuate national representation. He insisted, however, when pressed concerning local suffrage, he was not hostile to the local suffrage provision in the Lewis-Randolph joint resolution, but left discussion of it to Mr. Finch. When asked what the District of Columbia would lack in statehood if both local and national suffrage were granted, Mr. Lesh declared that here “Congress still would have overriding powers.” Cites Amendment Power. Congressional powJf over municipal suffrage could not be delegated, Mr. Lesh declared, without the adoption of a constitutional amendment, such as provided by the Lewis-Randolph resolution. No indication ever was given by the ‘‘founding fathers” of the country, Mr. Lesh declared, to indicate they in tended to deprive residents of the National Capital of suffrage. Both Washington and Madison were quoted as envisioning a great metropolis at i the National Capital. Nothing in the proposal of national j representation could be interpreted, j Mr. Lesh said, as in conflict with the idea that the National Capital should be a "home or workshop for the Federal Government.” Chairman Sumners indicated that the Judiciary Committee was already “sold” on the intelligence, and ability of people here to govern themselves, and on the fact that they paid sufficient taxes to the Federal Govern ment. ‘OLD-TIMERS’ PRESENT I BENEFIT PERFORMANCE Former Judge James A. Cobb last night presided at an "old timers” benefit show at Armstrong High School for the Twelfth Street Young Men’s Christian Association. Perry W. Howard was interlocutor, with Dr. C. Herbert Marshall, Dr. Wil liam H. Greene, George H. Murray and J. F. N. Wilkinson as end men. A minstrel quintet, composed of Col. West A. Hamilton, Lt. L. A. Oxley, Capt. L. R. Mehlinger and Drs. Mar shall and Greene, provided music, with a chorus that included Jesse R. Mitch ell, Thomas W. Parks, Dr. H. H. Long, W. T. Grady. L. H. Foster, Harry O. Atwood. W. O. Claytor, J. R. Pinkett, H. A. Fisher, F. M. Robinson and Dr. E. B. Henderson. M. Grant Lucas recited Aesop's Fables in Italian and Cicero's oration against Cataline. AVIATION CLUB TO MEET Y. M. C. A. Group to Be Given Flying Lessons. The first meeting of a newly-organ ized "Aviation Club.” under auspices I of the Central Young Men’s Christian Association, will be held at 8 o’clock tonight in the Central "Y” Building, 1736 G street N.W. The club is for Y. M. C. A. members only. There will be a series of six free lessons in ground instruction in aviation. "Bob” Aehburn and "Fritz” Compton of the Beacon Airport, near Alexandria, Va.. will be the instruc tors. F. K. McTyier of the Y. M. C. A. staff is in charge of the club. SPECIAL OFFER! For Limited Time Only QUIET MAY OIL BURNER Complete Hj Installation H| Burner ^B Tonk I5 Controls *259 INSTALL Quiet May Burner NOW— No down payment, 3 years to pay low interest rate under F. H. A. plan. 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And. boy ... what a swell trade I got for my old car on a new Hudson fight.’’ I If you have missed Hudson's Selective Automatic Shift Transmission, you’ve missed the greatest driving feature of all time. Never push a clutch pedal . .. four less things to do every time you shift a gear. Drive today with the only proved automatic shift... at any Hudson dealer's. GONE i^the^eostly MOTHifc dmi All Kassan-Stein Custom-tailored garments are now protected against moths by the I ^L« \ The first time you select your Kaiian-Steln V \ hand-tailored suit you'll know how little it \ \ costs to own fine clothing. Kassan-Stein suits \ \ are tailored from fine fabrics that give long. \ • % satisfactory service. Fine hand needlework \ \ and styling that makes you stand out from \ t* 4 % others. Come in now . . . well show you \ the "difference" you've heard about . . • for LETTER BOLSTERS Civil Service Asks Rights for Federal Employes in Greenbelt, Md. Arguments for District suffrage be fore the House Judiciary Committee today were bolstered vigorously by a letter from the Chdl Service Commis sion declaring that Government em ployes in Greenbelt, Md., ‘‘should be permitted a voice in their self-govern ment.” The letter was introduced into the record by Paul E. Lesh, vice chair man of the Citizens’ Joint Committee on National Representation. It sup plemented Mr. Lesh’s presentation yesterday of a claim that ‘‘it is equal ly convenient for a person working in the District of Columbia in the Gov ernment or other employment to re side in nearby Virginia or Maryland as in the suburban portion of the Dis trict of Columbia.” Chairman Sumners of the Judiciary Committee had raised the point that the District of Columbia should be considered a work shop for the Fed erad Government and one of the fea tures of such a work shop would be that the Government worker should be allowed to reside conveniently close to his work. Letter Signed by Mover. The Civil Service Commission letter was inserted in the record without the name of the Government agency to which it was addressed. The date and file number also were deleted. It was signed by L. A. Moyer, chief ex aminer of the District. "The civil service rules provide,” declared Mr. Moyer, “that classified employes shall take no active part in political management or in political campaigns beyond the exercise of their right to vote and to express privately their opinions on political subjects. ''However, certain exceptions to this rule have been made in con nection with Government employes resident in certain incorporated municipalities near the District of Columbia and of Arlington Coun ty, Va.. such exception being based upon the fact that a considerable proportion of the population of these towns and of Arlington County is employed in the Government service and should be permitted a voice in self-government. Exception Asked. “The commission has, accordingly, considered the question of extending this exception to residents of Green belt and has found that, because of the fact that a large number of res idents of Greenbelt will, when the town is fully occupied, be classified civil service employes, it will be proper to extend the exception to the rule to include Greenbelt. “It is to be understood.” continued the letter, “that permissible political activity on the part of classified em ployes resident In Greenbelt will be confined to participation in non-parti san local municipal elections only, or to the holding of local municipal public office. The ruling of the commission is not intended to confer the right on such employes to engage in county. State or national partisan politics In contravention of the general political activity rule.” The commission’s expression in this regard on the right of Government employes to participate in self-govern ment was interpreted by Mr. Lesh as particularly pertinent because of the fact that Greenbelt is a Government project. FIREMEN CHANGE LAWS Arlington Body Extends Its Benefits—Banner Awarded. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ARLINGTON, Va„ May 19.—By laws of the Arlington County Fire men's Association were amended last night to provide for accident and death benefits to apply to injuries and deaths occurring during fire drills as well as fires. Cherrydale Fire Company No. S was awarded the 1937 banner for best attendance. The banner will be pre sented at the association's meeting on June 21 It was announced that the associa tion's annual banquet will be held in the fall this year, instead of during the summer months. 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