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' Guilt Cry Endangers Revision President May Complicate Changing Neutrality Law By DAVID LAWRENCE. It may be natural for President Roosevelt and various officials like Assistant Secretary of War Johnson to point out that failure of the Senate Foreign Relations Com mittee at the last session of Congress to per mit a definition of American pol icy on the mat ter of exporting war supplies was a contributing factor in en couraging Herr Hitler to plan his drive for Danzig this summer, but such tactics are »»vid Lawrence, not calculated to make easier the coming revision of the present neu trality laws. What the United States needs at the moment is national unity and, -therefore, to place the blame on the “isolationist” Senators is merely to etart more controversies and provoke resentments which are wholly su perfluous. Nobody is going to be able to prove conclusively, for one thing, that Hitler did or did not derive stimulus from the attitude of the isolationists in the United States Senate. Events in Europe have a way of becoming entangled without reference to what happens on this side of the water. The isolationist Senators did not foresee what was going to happen. They realized in a sense that they were taking a chance and that Europe might become embroiled in war. but they did not think it would come before the January session of Congress. Mr. Roosevelt, relying on secret information from his am bassadors and ministers, insisted that a crisis was in the offing. Sen ator Borah disputed the value of this information. There have been so many crises Which have not resulted in war that many Senators felt there was time enough at the January session to deal with neutrality. Others felt that the very action of the Senate Itself might be taken as unneutral In serving warning to Germany that America might supply her potential opponents. Similarly, administra- : tion Senators for the opposite reason wanted the neutrality laws revised ao that America would not be dis criminating in favor of Germany and Italy by withholding supplies from Britain and France. Matter of Conjecture. The neutrality controversy is so largely a matter of conjecture with respect to the effects of one policy or the other, that, basically, many Senators are now beginning to say that a simple return to the precepts of international law may be the best way out. This would mean removal of any restrictions whatever as to what America could send in the way of supplies to any belligerent coun try. There would, on the other hand, most certainly be an amend ment to the old law so as to require foreign governments to establish their own credit here, and to come and get the products in their own Bhips. Title to the foreign purchases would have to be shifted before the goods left America. In this way, the United States ■ would presumably keep from be coming involved in the necessity of protecting the war trade. Likewise, American citizens would be required to keep out of danger zones or to travel at their own risk. If Congress were to meet tomor row in special session, there seems little doubt that such amendments Would promptly be made. The defeat of the administration’s proposal for a revision of the neu trality laws so as to allow a return to international law was accom plished by three groups in Congress —those who were fighting the President on domestic issues and wanted to administer a defeat, those who sincerely believed the United States would become involved if the war trade were permitted, and those who thought there was no special hurry and that January was time enough to change laws. Would Reflect National Will. As a matter of fact, a special ses sion called during a war emergency abroad would probably be more like ly to reflect the national will than measures adopted long in advance of war when the whole subject is en tangled in theoretical considerations. The administration is hopeful of peace but is preparing for any con tingency. The Government machine is functioning without thought of partisanship or divisions on domes tic questions. But administration officials have it in their power to put a political aspect on current happen ings by making speeches attacking their Republican opponents and the Isolationists In both parties. Washington being a political capi tal, there is much gossip as to what the outbreak of a European war might do to a national political campaign. The answer is that the closest election in the last 50 years was held in 1916, during the period of the World War, while America was neutral. If, on the other hand, America become involved in a war —which is considered very remote here—the whole domestic situation might be altered and the price of national unity might be equivalent of a coalition government such as is found in parliamentary systems abroad. If peace comes, the neutrality issues and foreign policy itself will be of less and less importance, though the Democrats may endeavor to "point with pride" to the record their administration has made in trying to prevent a world war. (Reproduction Rights Reserved.) Shorn of Suspicion OMAHA, Nebr., Aug. 30 (/P).—A free haircut started Omaha police on a hunt for a public enemy. They explained it this way: An enthusiastic but unskilled barber college student sheared most of the hair off the head of an un employed patron. A passerby saw the “convict” haircut, thought it was Irving Chapman, Public Enemy No. 1, and called the police. They towed in the shorn one, kept him over night, then apologized for detaining him. British Actress Held On Immigration Charge By the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, Aug. 30.—Joan Manners, British film actress, whose differences with her divorced hus band, Screen Dialogue Director John Langan, recently sent her to jail, was arrested yesterday by Federal immigration authorities. Inspector Francis Hickey of the Immigration Service alleged Miss Manners, a native of Rustenberg, South Africa, illegally remained in the country after entering at Blaine, Wash., on a temporary visitor's per mit. Miss Manners was arrested last June while picketing a studio em ploying Mr. Langan. She was sen tenced to five days in jail for con tempt of a court order prohibiting her from molesting him. She was freed three days later on a writ of habeas corpus. SAVE 30 88CMIIEMS Ask for Bargain I.i>t W.S. i —If* FREE BAinAEAnfifAw The Capital Parade Move to Repeal Johnson Act Forecast if War Comes By JOSEPH ALSOP AND ROBERT KINTNER. Behind the scenes, while the world’s fate still trembles in a crazy bal ance, administration preparations for giving all possible aid to the em battled democracies are already under way. No one now doubts that war will be the signal for the President to demand immediate, drastic revision of the Neutrality Act of a special session of Congress. Indeed, it is an open secret that he would prefer to see the act repealed outright. Neutrality revision, and particularly removal of the mandatory em bargo on arms exports to belligerents, will let the English and French have the desperately needed bombing planes which they have on order in Amer ican factories. It is an obvious step. Really more significant of the administration desire to help France and England is the sudden Bust of uuk aDouc revision or tne sacrosanct Johnson Act. The Johnson Act, fruit of all the loud to-do about the unpaid war debts, prohibits flotation of loans in this country by any nation still in default on its obligations to the * United States. Its public support has always been far stronger than that of the Neutrality Act, yet the men who are thinking of and even planning Johnson Act changes are among the most highly placed and influential administration officials. One of them remarked succinctly: “We'll revise it if we can, and If there is delay we'll probably Inter pret it. which is likely to be almost as good. Whatever method is adopted, you can be sure we are going to go just as far as public opinion will allow in aiding the democracies, and I don't believe you'll And anyone round here who doesn’t think that is very far inrtppH ” Ways to Go Far Some authoritative sources even state that Johnson Act revision will be requested of Congress by the President simultaneously with neutrality revision. In view of the preponderant public sentiment for supplying the democracies with arms, this would not seem, on the surface, an unreason able step. Nevertheless, it would be a risky one, considering the rugged independence of the Senate, and it seems more likely that, on sober second thought, the President will prefer to get the neutrality problem out of the way first. Meanwhile, the effort to find some way around the Johnson Act’s limitations has gone further than mere talk. The act's terms have been studied by appropriate officials, presumably at the behest of the White House. It has been discovered that, while the European democracies may not offer ordinary bond issues in this country, they are permitted to bor row from such governmental agencies as the Export-Import Bank. Other loop-holes, such as the possibility that the city of London, for example, might float a bond issue here, have also been noted. Amendments are understood to have beeen actually drafted. One of them would simply expand the Export-Import Bank's'capital to a point where the United States Government could help finance the democracies’ struggle, under the goise of facilitating American exports. As just this type of financing is likely to be the first move to obtain real public sup port, the amendment, is a good bet to be put forward. It has the ad ditional advantage of being ostensibly neutral, since it is merely an ex pansion in the provisions of an existing American law. Such iegalisms are the curious commonplaces of diplomacy. llVrfll IVIIVIIJ VI I . The signs of the times are unmistakable, and a tremendous upset in public opinion will be required to reverse the administration trend. At the War Department, for instance, there is meaningful talk of the “wastefulness” of the Neutrality Act, as "preventing England and France from paying for educational orders which our Army cannot af ford to give our manufacturers.” This argument, which applies with equal force to the Johnson Act, is sure to be loudly heard. Prepared ness will soon become a rallying cry. On the whole, it seems vir tually certain that the resources of . this country will be at the de mocracies disposal without restriction long before they have exhausted their present reserves of American purchasing power. The co-operation between the administration and the governments of England and France is well illustrated by the fact that our Treasury and the English treasury had arranged all details of liquidation of English owned American securities as long ago as last April. And even while Neutrality Act and Johnson Act revision is awaited, there is no reason to suppose that the co-operation will cease. (Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) - -- (THE opinions of the writers on this page are their ovtn, not * necessarily The Star's. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of Questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may he contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s. Washington Observations Anti-Trust Laws Declared Designed To Free Business From Fear and Pressure During Frederic William Wile’s absence on vacation his tri weekly "Washington Observa tions" are being written by a series of notable guest columnists. Today’s contribution appears under pie signature of Thurman Arnold, Assistant Attorney Gen eral of the United States in charge of the Anti-Trust Division in the Department of Justice. By THURMAN ARNOLD. A political democracy is impossi ble unless it is founded on an in dustrial democracy. Free and inde pendent political organization can not survive when free and inde pendent b u s i ness enterprise has disappeared. These propo sitions are true, for the very sim ple reason that if you control a man's livelihood you control all his actions. Re cently a busi nessman in a Western State whose business had been ruined Thurman Arnold, by the aggressive tactics of a large organization made a speech at tacking that organization. He was called into his bank and told that he had better seek financing else where. The bank did not wish to be in a position of encouraging those elements in the community opposed to business recovery. This particular businessman has been quiet ever since. Yoke of Industrial Autocracy. Most people caught in the power of industrial autocracy accept the yoke willingly enough. It takes very little pressure to hold them in line. An official of a large company told me that he did not dare to do any thing else than follow the prices of his still larger competitor. I asked him what would happen if he did not follow these prices. He replied, “That is a question which I hope never to be able to answer from experience.” Perhaps in this par ticular case the larger company would not have retaliated. Never theless, the mere fact that they i dominated the market deprived the small man of all initiative. He had a family to support. He had to play safe. The object of the anti-trust laws is to make business secure from this kind of fear and this kind of pressure. To give freedom to the independent businessman there must be a policeman to whom he can appeal if some one restrains him in tne exercise of his business judgment, whether it be good or bad. Progress requires the taking of private business risks. It is stifled when there is added to these rules the fear of organized coercion. * * * * The Group Medicine Case. Anti-trust enforcement does not mean the destruction of mass pro duction or research or high stand ards of efficiency. However, those who desire to sabotage enforcement often try to represent it as such. Thus when a medical society was prosecuted for boycotting physicians who did not happen to agree with the conventional fee system a prominent publication circulated a pamphlet called “The Department of Injustice,” which gave the im pression that the attack was on high standards. Actually the aim of that prosecution was simply to allow a properly-trained doctor to exercise his judgment on the ques tion of whether he wanted to go into private practice or assist in a group health movement to give cheaper medical service to low-in come groups. In a democracy auch a choice should be free. * * * * The Building Racket. In the same way attempts to re move unreasonable labor practices are often represented as attacks on labor standards or collective bar gaining. Recently the following complaint came into the depart ment: A contractor (who, no doubt, was guilty of a number of restrictive practices himself) was building a long row of houses. The truck men’s union delivered bathtubs to the curb. He asked them to carry them into the houses. They told him it was against union rules. He then asked the plumbers, who were inside, to help him carry the bath tubs across the curb. They told him that their own rules pre vented them from going across the threshold. He then called some un skilled laborers engaged in picking up things about the place to give him a lift—whereupon everybody on the job threatened to strike. Such practices do not aid in collective bargaining. They cannot be justi fied on the grounds of protection to health or working hours. Of course, it is natural and per haps excusable for labor organiza tions or corporations or professional men to applaud the attacks on others and at the same time to bitterly resent prosecutions against themselves. The Anti-Trust Division, however, can play no favorites be tween labor unions or corporations or professional men when any of these groups attempt unreasonable coercion of others. * * * 4r Clearing Away the Barbed Wire. These are all simple illustrations! of a problem with many compli cations. They bring home the point, however, that the fntrpose of anti trust laws is to clear away the barbed-wire entanglements which prevent experimentation and exer- j else of private initiative. The effect of those barbed-wire entanglements is clearer in the building industry than in almost any other. When in 1936 and 1937, under the influence of Government subsidy the volume of building doubled in many cities, the costs should have come down. Instead they rose, sometimes as much as 24 per cent. No organizd group is immune from the temptation to exercise power over others. It is not a problem of whether the organiza tion is big or little. It is just as unreasonable for a small organiza tion to prevent the use of stand ardized products, which can only be produced on a large scale, as it is for a large organization to elim inate the competition of small units which offer lower prices. Indeed, the boycott of standardized ma terials is one of the principal re straints of trade today in the build ing industry. The stoppage of the flow of competing materials and services in commerce is equally bad whether it be done by vertical com- j binations or by contractors, or by [ manufacturers, or even by mu- j nicipal ordinances and State laws,! which are, in reality, protective tariffs against other States of the Union. * * * * Evils in All Industries. These situations do not cure them selves. Neither the businessmen nor the labor leaders who try to domi nate others are, ordinarily, immoral people. Uusually they confuse their own selfish interests with the good of the Nation. Therefore, the an swer does not consist in letting busi ness alone. We have done that in the past. If I were able to show you the flies of our complaints in the Anti-Trust Division you would see a picture of interference with the free channels of trade in practically even,' single industry. The devices are different, but they all form part of the general design, in which powerful concerns or groups con trol economic toll bridges over which they permit only a chosen few to pass. Sometimes they exercise this control by the use of patents. Other times, by price leadership made ef fective by the fear of retaliation. Other times by organized boycotts. Other times by the granting of spe cial privileges to those who join the gang. The complaints to the Anti Trust Division do not come from crackpot reformers, nor from dis gruntled minorities, nor from radical agitators. It is business and labor which file practically all the com plaints with my division, and it is to assure freedom for business and labor that the anti-trust laws must be enforced. * * * * To Save Industrial Democracy. Of course, the decision of whether a restraint of trade is reasonable or unreasonable can never be reduced to a formula or a definition in an age when mass production is a necessity. The courts are in the position of an umpire in the com petitive game. Partisans will al ways shout to kill the umpire or deprive him of his power. They will complain about his power to im pose penalties. Yet without the um pire the game cannot proceed. If definite directions are demanded by the American people it will mean that our economy is changing and tfmt we desire some one who gives precise orders because we are afraid of economic freedom. I repeat, a political democracy cannot exist un less founded on an industrial de mocracy. It is the preservation of our industrial democracy. It is the preservation of our industrial de mocracy to which the Anti-Trust Division is pledged. (Released by North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) rt-7 Headline Folk And What They Do Italy's Romantic Marshal Balbo Renounces Romance By LEMUEL F. PARTON. It is something of a shock to And the always romantic Marshal Italo Balbo now renouncing romance. He has contributed some of the best showmanship, in his person and his achievements, to the Italian imperial resurgence, but now, in his newspaper, published in Ferrara, he says: “Italy is not now a romantic na tion (if, indeed, it ever has been). Italy looks to its own self-inter est, with an eye to the unforget table lesson against inter vening precipi tately provided by the Versailles treaty." As the tension increased in the last few weeks, there have been frequent reports that several of the Fascist high Marihai Baibo. command have not been feeling so romantic as they had felt in their short stretch of empire building. It has not been reported, however, until today that Marshal Baibo was among them, and it seems almost incredible. As Governor of Libya, Italy’s most im portant colonial possession, he read ied a magnificent show for II Duce'a visit. Handsome, bearded, with beauti ful gleaming white teeth, he has been no less than the beau sabreur of the new Italy, frequently men tioned as one who would lead it to new grandeur with the passing of Mussoum. After Marshal Balbo's leadership of the Italian mass plane flight to Chicago in 1934, in which his charm and manly pulchritude w-on nim great acclaim, he was sent to Libya. At that time the Manchester Guardian ran a series of article* characterizing the marshal s assign ment as “banishment,” necessary because he was rapidly outgrowing his role of assistant Caesar. It is indicated that Marshal Balbo has been talcing a quite unromantic look at the axis and wondering what Italy would get out of a war. win, lose or draw. Naturally the short ender never feels romantic, which may explain his surprising apostasy. The travel bureaus are reassuring. They still emblazon posters with the legend, "See romantic Italy.” (Released by Consolidated News Features.) We, the People Isolationists Have No Ready Answer When 'Do-Nothing' Formula Fails By JAY FRANKLIN. Of all the currents of opinion affecting democratic foreign policy, the “isolationist” creed is both the most and least realistic. Isolationism is most realistic in that there are many times when the wisest course of action for a great nation is to do nothing, to wait for developments- to indicate the proper line of interest and sentiment. Such was the policy developed by America during the 1914-17 period of >_. . the World War. Such also was the siewTbTHj attitude of Soviet Russia (though iMurnw not one of the world’s democracies) BosiMKs^i during the 1933-9 period of Hitler’s ascendancy. Such was the policy of Great Britain toward Europe from 1878 to 1903. There are pe riods when it is better to go slow and to avoid military or moral com mitments toward other nations. Where isolationism is most dan gerously unrealistic, much more so than the half-baked emotionalism of the liberals and the sly-eyed cyni cism of the conservatives, is in the reason behind its policy of international do-nothingism. Would Permit Encirclement If followed to its logical conclusion, the isolationist policy would permit the complete encirclement of a democracy by its foes, simply because they were not yet in a position to make a direct attack. British isolationism encouraged Japan to proceed with the conquest of the Far East in 1931, despite American willingness to co-operate in discouraging Japanese aggression. French isolationism encouraged Mussolini to proceed with the conquest of Abyssinia. French and British isolationism connived at the axis’ conquest of Spain, in the face of their political traditions and strategic interests. The whole world accepted the conquest of Austria, Albania and Czecho slovakia. and breathed a sigh of relief that the successive crises had been isolated. Now the emotional basis of isolationism is fear of being dragged into conflicts which do not directly concern a nation’s safety. The trouble is that the line cannot be drawn between those conflicts and others which really jeopardize national security. Our own Monroe Doctrine is an attempt to draw such a line, but even today there are many Americans who would feel no convincing impulse to defend Chile, Argentina, Uruguay or Peru from transoceanic invasion. Attempt to Draw Line But the isolationist goes further than the attempt to draw a line out side of which he will not admit that the national safety is involved. He refuses to recognize that there are certain broad contingencies in which America—to deal with only one of the democracies—must fight or face ruin. A generation ago, we decided that the threatened destruction of the British Empire was a vital issue, for Americans. Today, it is even more so. A generation ago, the preservation of British naval power was the first strategic concern of our intervention in the World War. Today, now that we have comparable naval strength ourselves and have made the North Atlantic an Anglo-American lake, it is even more so. A generation ago, the preservation of democracy fired Americans to fight on the battle fields of France. Today, the whole principle of popular self-government is under fire. To none of these larger questions of our external relations does the theory of isolationism supply a con vincing answer. Just so disarmament and German admission to the League of Nations did not provide the answefr for Great Britain, which later de clared that its frontier was the Rhine and that it must guarantee Polish independence. (Released by the Consolidated News Features, Inc.) SPECIAL TS:s« KRYPTOlt INVISIBLE BI-FOCALS For both near and far vision (lonses only) of ( fa senuine sround-in on- ) ,UU tinted class. Every pair 1 made to Individual needs. A BEAU VALUE! COMPLETE vitb any style frame, examination included. 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