Evening star. [volume], September 02, 1939, Page A-5, Image 5

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Hiller's Answer
To U. S. Held Up Till
Invasion Started
| Indirect Response to
Roosevelt Peace Plea
Is Given to Hull
Adolf Hitler waited until his Nazi
legions already were fighting Poland
before replying indirectly to Presi
dent Roosevelt’s peace appeals that
he had "left nothing untried’’ in
seeking a friendly settlement of the
German-Polish dispute.
The response to Mr. Roosevelt's
messages of last week, which were
sent directly to Chancellor Hitler,
was delivered to Secretary of State
Hull yesterday by Dr. Hans Thom
zen, Charge d'Affaires of the Ger
man Embassy here.
Dr. Thomsen's note said:
"By order of my government, I
wish to use your kind intermediary
for the purpose of stating to the
President of the United States that
his messages of August 25 and 26
addressed to the German Fuehrer
and Reichschancellor have been
greatly appreciated by the latter.
British Offer Held Aeeepted.
“The German Fuehrer and Reichs
chancellor has also, on his side, left
nothing untried for the purpose of j
settling the dispute between Ger
many and Poland in a friendly man
ner. Even at the last hour he ac- !
cepted an offer from the government
of Great Britain to mediate this
dispute.
"Owing to the attitude of the Po
lish government, however, all these
endeavors have remained without
result.
Accept. Mr. secretary ot state,
the expression of my highest con
sideration.”
President Roosevelt's first mes
sage-sent in slightly different form
to both Hitler and the President of
Poland—proposed that Germany and
Poland settle their differences by
direct negotiation, by arbitration, or
by mediation.
The second message to Hitler ad
vised that the Polish government
had agreed to direct negotiation or
conciliation and added that "All the
world prays that Germany, too. will
accept.”
War Responsibilities Dodged.
Tn diplomatic circles, it was as
sumed. since Hitler has never re
plied to Mr. Roosevelt's peace ap
peal of last April, that at least one
purpose of yesterday s message was
to attempt to place responsibility
for war on Poland.
The question of aggression was
emphasized by Count Jerz. ~'otocki.
the Polish Ambassador, at a press
conference soon after the German
note w-as made public.
Asserting the German aggression
couldn't be "more flagrant.” he
added:
"Poland did everything it could to
prevent war on the one hand, and
on the other, it could not give up
essential rights."
Asked what help, if any, he
thought his nation might receive
from the American people, the Am
bassador replied:
"The greatest help in time of need
an dstress is the sympathy the
people of the United States have for
Poland."
No Plans for Polish Citizens.
He said no definite plans had been
worked out as to what part Polish
citizens now in the United States
might play.
"We wouldn't especially need sol
diers." Count Potocki added, "be
cause there are enough people over
there."
He added, however, that many in
dividuals in this country had offered (
to fight for Poland.
The Ambassador also issued a 1
statement in which he said his na
tion had been "ruthlessly attacked
bv the armed forces of Germany.”
Poland had given up possible mili
tary advantages by not striking Ger
• many first, he said, because "w'e de
sire to stand clean before history.”
Polish consuls general in New
York, iPttsburgh and Chicago came
here for a conference last night
which Count Potocki said was to
"co-ordinate action" between the
embassy, on the one hand, and the
Polish representatives in other cities.
Danish Parliament Due
A I A I ■ • ■
i o Maopr meurranry Law
By the Associated Tress.
COPENHAGEN. Sept. 2.-The j
Danish Parliament, in session to
consider the European crisis, was ex
pected to adopt a neutrality declara
tion this afternoon.
It was understood five classes
would be called to the colors, rais
ing Denmark's armed strength to a
total of 45.000 men.
Informed sources said Danish cur
rency would remain tied to the Brit- 1
lsh pound sterling.
Latvia to Be Neutral
By thf Associated Press.
RIGA. Latvia. Sept. 2.—President
Karlis Ulmanis today signed a dec- j
laration that Latvia would keep her
neutrality. At the same time, some
rpvervists were called to the colors.
_______________ |
| War Broadcasts
1:45 p.m—Edward R, Murrow, 1
London; H. V. Kaltenborn, WJSV.
4:30 p.m.—London. WOL.
5 p.m.—Fulton Lewis. jr„ WOL.
5 p.m.—Belgrade, WRC and
WMAL.
5:45 p.m.—Edward R. Murrow and ;
H. V. Kaltenborn. WJSV.
6:30 p.m.—Col. Frederick Palmer.!
WRC.
7 p.m. — European situation,
WMAL.
7 p.m.—Berlin, Paris and Warsaw.
WRC and WMAL.
7:30 p.m.—Warsaw. WOL.
7:30 p.m—Murrow, London:
Grandin. Paris; Shirer. Berlin, and
Kaltenborn, New York. WJSV.
7:40 p.m—Raymond Gram Swing,
WOL.
7:45 p.m.—Sigrid Schultz, WOL.
B p.m.—London, WOL.
9:15 p.m.—European Roundup,
WOL.
9:30 p.m—London and Paris,
WMAL.
10 p.m—Edward R. Murrow from
London, WJSV.
12 midnight—Edward R. Murrow
from London, WJSV.
All programs will be interrupted
for bulletins and latest news dis
patches from war fronts and danger
points in the European crisis. The
above listings are necessarily incom
plete; new programs are being sched
uled hourly.
a *
■—— . ■ i
CANNES, FRANCE.—WINDSOR MAKES MERRY—A scene during the dinner held in connection
with “The Little White Beds” ball at an exclusive hotel here recently. Note the Duke
of Windsor in center, with a table napkin around his head and grinning broadly. Seated
opposite him, not seen in this picture, was the Duchess of Windsor, who attended the ball with
him. "The Little White Beds” is a charitable organization, and proceeds of the ball went to
provide and endow beds in hospitals. —Wide World Photo.
Tremendous Increase
In Merchant Marine
Expected With War
Rush to Register Under
U. S. Flag in Last
Conflict Recalled
By the Associated Press.
War abroad may mean a tremen
dous increase in the American mer
chant marine, if events follow the
pattern of the World War prior to
the entry of the United States into
that conflict.
From July. 1914. to June 30. 1915.
registry of foreign-built ships under
the American flag increased by 148
vessels of 523.000 gross tons. The
next year 70,000 tons were added
and another 67.000 tons in 1917
brought the new registry before the
United States' declaration of war
to 660.000 tons.
The rush to register under the
American flag was obviously a move
to enjoy the rights of a powerful
neutral. It may have had some ef
fect on this country's negotiations
with Great Britain over rights on
the high seas in the early years of
the war.
Until the Panama Canal Act of
1912. no ship built outside of the
United States could be registered
under the American flag. But that
law opened the door to foreign-built
vessels less than 5 years old. Three
weeks after the war began the five
vear limitation was removed by the
Ship Registry Act of 1914.
The tremendous increase in ton
nage the first year brought on an
acute shortage of officers, because
of requirements that United States
ships be commanded by Americans
n piutiamauuii was issuea 10 per
mit. holders of foreign licenses to
help operate American ships. It
became known as the "red ink"
ticket rule because of a special
license stamp.
American registry had been sought
as a protection for ships of bel
ligerent nations as far back as the
Franco-Prussian War of 1871.
Berlin
(Continued From First Page.)
any diplomat arriving here since the
advent of Nazism.
Informed quarters considered it
significant that the new Russian
Ambassador. Alexander Shkhartzeff.
is a textile expert, hence a practical
man of affairs who later went into
diplomacy. As the question of raw
materials and other supplies is most
vital to Germany in the event of an
pxtended conflict, a man versed in
this question is regarded as the right
man in the right place in the Soviet
Embassy in Berlin.
The newspaper Nachtausgabe this
pfternoon carried another report on
the military situation from the su
preme high command.
Its communique said: "German
roops on the afternoon of Septem
per 1 successfully continued to ad
vance on all fronts.
"Early this morning forward
novemcnts were continuing every
where. Jablonka Pass was quickly
;onquered. Numerous enemy planes
were annihilated when our airforce
utacked and destroyed Polish air
iromes."
Jablonka Pass is the most im
portant gateway into southern Po
and from Slovakia.
The German press today carried
undated reports bv DNB (official
tews agcncvi from the Corridor
which stated the swastika is flying
n all villages with German popula
;ion.
Crprmans nrp orntafnllw
he German troops, these reports
said.
In enthusiastic reports on the first
lay's operations the German high
army command declared that Wes
erplatte. Polish munitions depot in
Danzig harbor, had been taken, that
Dermany was in "complete control
if Polish air" and that German
froops striking from East Prussia
were "deep in Polish territory.”
The army communiques also said
advances of German troops and air
force that started from Pomerania
and Silesia early yesterday were well
jnder way toward their objectives.
Troops from East Prussia streamed
nto Danzig, which the commander
if the German Army. Col. Gen.
Walther von Brauchitsch. declared
aad become a zone of military op
irations.
Albert Forster. Nazi head of Dan
ugs civil government, immediately
.ook possession of the area's rail
ways, formerly operated by Poland,
heir rolling stock and harbor
wharves.
Berlin political circles warned
that Britain “will pay the bill” if
,t enters into a war against Ger
nany.
“Germany is ready to fight even
a 10-year war for its rights and the
final peace of Europe," a commen
tary issued by the official news
agency said.
Berlin’s first night blackout as a
protection against possible air raids
passed uneventfully with no signs
of undue alarm among civilians.
Sandbags were laid across base
k
YugoslavVisitor Calls U. S. Hope
Of South Europe Democracies
Bresfovac Mayor Glad
He Came Despite
Outbreak of War
Mayor Zivadin Stevanovich of
Brestovac, Yugoslavia, doesn’t regret
his visit to America, even with a
European war threatening to cut;
him off from his native village.
The mayor sold two precious acres
of his hard-won farm to visit the
country he had heard described so ,
often, and he is determined to make
the most of the opportunity, and
perhaps return with a message of
hope.
"America." he said today, through
an interpreter from his Legation, j
"is the hope of democratic countries
of Southern Europe! Perhaps
America can save Europe from de- j
stroying all her liberty.”
The sturdy visitor from the heart
of Yugoslavia was enthusiastic in his
praise of the United States—in five
weeks he has seen more of it than
many natives see in a lifetime. The
great buildings and factories, the
fine highways and the people living
in freedom impressed him with the
possibilities of America as a world
force for peace.
Silent on Dictators.
Mayor Stevanovich, for obvious
reasons, would not discuss the dic
tators who surround his country on
three sides—Hitler. Stalin and Mus
solini. "His country.” said the in
terpreter, “is between three fires."
The Yugoslavs were gloomy about
me ouhook in Europe. They felt
the war might last 5. even 10, years, j
with the small democracies being
forced into the conflict. Mussolini
has annexed Albania to the south
of Yugoslavia, and on the north
the German border may be ex
tended through Nazi penetration of
Hungary.
The Mayor, inspired bv stories
of the wonders of America he has
heard since youth from the lips of
returning countrymen, sold 2 of the
50 acres on which he grows apples,
pears, grapes and livestock, and set
out for the United States through
Germany and France. He arrived
in New York July 25 to see the
World’s Fair.
The Mayor of Brestovac, a rural
village of 1.000. was received by
Mayor La Guardia—"of the so-great !
City of New York.” The visitor 1
was doubly impressed when Mayor
La Guardia welcomed him in his
native Serbian tongue, one the
Mayor learned while in the consular
service in Southern Europe.
Visits Industrial Centers.
The visiting mayor, in his em
broidered jacket and trousers ending
in leggings, has sandals which curve
back over the toes, and his woolen i
skull cap. has traveled thousands of i
miles throughout the East, making
ment windows of business houses to
protect air defense cellars. Museums
took similar steps to guard valuable
art objects.
Civilians trained for emergency
police work were called up to re
lieve regular police for patrol duty
in occupied areas behind the army.
Fire, Police Squads Ready.
Throughout the city Are and police
emergency squads were held in con
stant readiness. They were in
structed to respond only to major
catastrophies. Hence small fires and
minor accidents were attended to
by trained civilian squads chosen
from occupants to each building.
To guard against foreign propa
ganda, the newly created Cabinet
Council for National Defense in its
nrsi decree piomuiueu uermaas
from listening to foreign radio re
ports.
The decree laid down penalties as
severe as death for “spreading false
reports.” The council's drastic ac
tion appeared to be in reaction to
radio news bulletins from Warsaw
and other cities regarding the Ger
man bombings of Polish towns,
which sources here said were false.
The army denied reports the Ger
man airforce had bombed open Po
lish cities.
“Official investigation shows that
all such assertions are untrue,” ah
army communique said. "The Ger
man airforce in fulfillment of its
task has attacked only military ob
jectives.”
The commentary issued through
the official news agency and declar
ing Germany's willingness to fight
a 10-year war if necessary answered
what it asserted were English ef
forts to place blame on Germany for
the failure of diplomatic negotia
tions preceding the present conflict.
England Held Unfair.
Declaring England had “not play
ed fair” and had demonstrated
through unconditional support of
the Polish standpoint that she
wanted a European war, the com
mentary continued:
"England today still faces the
choice of whether it wants to plunge
the world into misery, but its poli
tics of the last months and the aims
it thereby pursued leave no doubt
that it will not be deterred from the
A
MAYOR ZIVADIN
STEVANOVICK
Note his native Yugoslavian
shoes. —Star Staff Photo.
his way by bus and alone, although
he speaks no English.
He visited his countrymen in the
great steel and coal industrial cen
ters—Pittsburgh. Gary, etc., and in
Detroit. Chicago and Akron. Every
where, he said, he was received with
hospitality—"open arms.” his in
terpreter expressed it.
The mayor's friends even hoped to
get him in on a press conference at
the White House. For years, he said,
it has been his ambition to see
President Roosevelt, a man who is
as famous and popular in Southern
Europe as was President Wilson.
The visitor will return to New
York in a few days to seek passage
home. He hopes, but is far from
certain, that he can sail on a neutral
Greek boat through the Mediter
ranean, and make his way north
from Greece by train.
consequences of European catas
trophe.
"The only real aggressor, there
fore. from the political and his
torical viewpoint, is Great Britain,
while the Polish government func
tions only as a subworker.”
Chancellor Hitler was expected to
leave the capital shortly. No an
nouncement was made of his desti
nation.
“We only hope he won't venture
too far forward,” one official said
"It would be just like him.”
The official interpretation of the
situation was that no state of war
exists between Poland anri pTOrmonv
Hope was expressed in official
quarters that the German expedi
tion into Poland would not lead to
a general war.
German officials heatedly denied
Polish and British charges that
Warsaw had inadequate or no no
tice of Hitler s 16-point offer of ad
justment of the dispute with Poland.
Waited For Polish Envoy.
It was stated in official quarters
that Hitler’s program had been
given to the British Ambassador
and that the German foreign office
waited two days for a Polish repre
sentative to come and get his copy.
This was in response to radio re
ports that Britain did not receive
Hitler s program for transmission to
Poland.
Indications that the 16 points no
longer would stand as Germany’s
offer were seen, however, in the
frank admissions in informed quar
ters that if, for example. Katowice,
in Polish Silesia, should be “lib
erated,” it might be permanently
retained by the Reich.
Hitler’s 16 points made no men
tion of Silesia.
The German nation, although
somewhat stunned by the sweep of
the first day’s events, rallied behind
the Fuehrer.
Economy measures were put into
effect as civilians began to adjust
themselves to life on a martial basis.
Russia Seeks to Learn
Application for admission as stu
dents to several universities and
institutes in Moscow, Russia, this
year are many times the number
of vacancies.
Germans May Find
Surprising Defense
In Poland
British and French Can
Strike at Vital
Points in Reich
By COL. FREDERICK PALMER.
NEW YORK. Sept. 2 (N.A.N.A.).—
How long can the Polish army hold
out against the German? Chan
cellor Hitler’s generals may have
underestimated the power of Polish
resistance, as the Kaiser’s underesti
mated the French In 1914. The Kai
ser’s staff expected to overwhelm
the French army and take Paris in
three months, with the German sol
diers home victorious for Christmas.
What aid can Britain and France
give Poland to save her from con
quest? But to the first question first.
Statistically and on the map, it
looks like an easy sweep through
Poland. Germany has more than
three and a half times Poland's pop
ulation, far greater industrial re
sources, still greater plants for the
production of arms and ammunition.
Germany claims an army with
trained reserves of four and a half
millions. She claims four or five
times the number of Poland's planes,
which are reported to be about 800.
In the air, the odds are heavily
RMinst t.hp PdIps THp rJprmanK
have plants to make good plane
wastage, and the Poles lack them. II
the Germans have been manufactur
ing guns as fast as they boast, they
outgun the Poles in artiilery, unit for
unit, and again the Germans have
plants to keep up the flow of pro
duction. The Poles have depended
largely upon foreign arms plans for
their artillery. One source was the
Skoda arms plant in Czecho-Slo
vakia, now busy making weapons
for Hitler to use against the Poles.
A War of Movement.
On the map the strategic problem
favors the Germans. The Polish
Corridor is a strip between the
pincers of East and West Prussia.
Hitler can strike from both sides in
a strangle-hold. The western fron
tier of Poland, opposite Berlin and
trunkline German highway and
railroad systems, is itself a bulge,
a salient. Since the western frontier
of Poland is more than three times
the length of the old World War
trench line from Switzerland to the
North Sea. there could be no solid
defensive trench line.
Thus we have a war of movement,
as we did on the eastern front in
the World War. The Germans have
openings for their drives, as they
had through Belgium and as Von
Hindenberg had in his eastern cam
paigns. The terrain of Western and
Central Poland has few natural ob
stacles except the smaller rivers be
tween the frontier and the Great
Vistula. That favors the German
offensive rush.
Evidently, Polish strategy is to fall
back on prepared positions, waiting
for the German plan to disclose it
self and for the Germans to exhaust
some of their energy on the march,
and to gain some advantage in
maneuver. This has its likeness in
Joffre's Marne campaign.
Both armies are new, untried
armies. The Polish was born 20
years ago with the rebirth of the
Polish nation. Certainly the present
German Army cannot be the equal
in training of the German Army of
1914. but it thinks it is better in its
Storm Trooper confidence. Hitler's
German Army has the same con
tempt for the Poles that the
Kaiser's army had for the French
before the Marne in 1914. War is
surprise. The Germans may meet
another surprise.
Aboves all other factors is the
spirit of the soldiers themselves and
their belief in their cause when they
are on anything like equal terms.
The infantryman is supreme. He
takes and holds the land, and that
is the issue in land battles. When
his determination is fixed to fight to
the death, he is ready to go on short
rations and to keep on with inferior
weapons. The Germans have a
cause in Danzig, which they see as
a German city, and in Silesia, with
its considerable German population
and its mines and factories in the
former German Poland.
Poles Fighting for Life.
But, beyond that, the cause is the
Pole's. He knows he is fighting
for the very life of his nation,
which, once crushed, rose again.
This hp mav nrpfor ~
dismembered Poland. This time he
may expect less mercy under the
conqueror s rule than before and
when the soldier is set to die rather
than yield we shall see if the de
fensive power of modern arms has
not given him a greater power of
resistance than in the World War.
Every time the poles force a Ger
man column to deploy it means
delay. The poor roads of Poland,
the few great trunk roads—over
which the Germans are evidently
striking—are a gerater disadvan
tage to the advance than the de
fense. The Poles do not need to
drop air bombs to cut bridges and
blow up railroads and highways as
they retreat. Explosive in an en
gineer's hands is enough. A mod
ern European army division of
15.000 to 17,000 men occupies from
12 to 15 miles of highway with all
its guns and supply trains. The
trains cannot go across open fields.
For rapid advance the Germans
will have to build roads and. later
in the fall, will have to contend
with rains. It was many months
before Von Hindenberg could reach
Warsaw with his army against the
badly armed Russians—some of
them has clubs instead of rifles—
with their corrupt commissariat,
their hearts out of their cause.
The Poles are better armed and.
if they have not a cause now, they
never will have. A retreating army
has a powerful sting in its tail. It
took Grant a year to get from the
Wilderness to Appomattox, when
Lee was outnumbered, outgunned
and his men on com pone. The
Poles will fall back on the food
supplies of a rich agricultural
country.
We shall see if the agile human
animal, in digging in, does not
soon lose respect for air bombs.
And the Polish soldier will be in
his home climate. If he can hold
the Germans for three months win
ter will be setting in—that winter
in Northern and Central Poland
when men can hold trenches but not
carry on an offensive in the' open—
that winter that was the downfall of
Napoleon in Russia. And for the
final stand there are the great
Polish marshes, in which other
armies have foundered.
France Can Hit Germany.
What support can Britain and
France give Poland in the terms of
material military support? More
than at first appears. You hit an
II i ■ 111 II - .* I
WARSAW.—WIDOW OF POLAND’S HERO HELPS—When Po
land called additional men to the colors, Mme. Pilsudska, widow
of Marshal Joseph Pilsudski, set an example for other women by
helping dig an air-raid precautions trench. Photo flown to Lon
don and radioed to New York. —A. P. Wirephoto.
Russia 'Relieves'
Envoy to Germany;
For 'Other Work'
Ambassador Handled
Pact Negotiations; Press
Jibes at French, British
|
By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Sept. 2.—Soviet Russia
has “relieved” her Ambassador to
Germany, Alexei F. Merekaloff, of
his duties, it was disclosed today.
A. A. Shkhartzeff was appointed
to succeed him.
Merekaloff, who handled much of
the important negotiations for the
recently-signed non-aggression pact
between Russia and Germany, was
relieved “in connection with his ap
pointment to other work.”
Soviet newspapers today lauded
Russia's position as compared to
that of Western European states.
The government newspaper li
ves tia said the country had a “com
pletely independent” foreign policy,
asserting that the Soviet govern
ment was carrying out “the principle
of Lenin in the peaceful co-exist
ence of two <political) systems.”
The Communist party newspaper
Pravda said “Western Europe is
plunged into alarm but Moscow is
bright and as cheerful as always
• * * there is no danger of war with
Germany. Amateurs who attempt
to make other people pull their
embers from the Are are protecting
their bank cellars with sandbags.
Some of them may burn their own
fingers.”
This was an obvious reference to
Great Britain and France.
However, anti-raid blackouts are
being carried out nightly in various
parts of the city.
- I
U. S. Communist Rally
Hails Nazi-Soviet Pact
By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Sept. 2.—A resolution 1
approving the Soviet-German non
aggression past was adopted last
night at a mass meeting celebrating
the 20th anniversary of the Com
munist party in the United States.
We "especially rejoice” over sign
ing of the pact, the resolution said.
Earl Browder, general secretary of
the party, in an address said the
pact was "the only possibility of a
decisive blow for peace.”
200 U. S. Tourists Leave
Denmark to Get Boat
By the Associated Press.
COPENHAGEN. Sept. 2. — Two
hundred American tourists left
Copenhagen today for Goteborg,
Sweden, to board the Kungsholm
for the United States. The Kung
sholm will carry 1,500 Americans,
among them Representative Rich
ard Wigglesworth. Republican, of
Massachussetts and Senator Alex
ander Wiley, Republican, of Wis
consin.
enemy where you can. And France
can hit Germany. Evidently Hitler’s
idea was that his Siegfried line would
hold his Western front secure while
the French marked time in their
defensive Maginot line. Therefore,
the German army faces an enemy on
two fronts, which reduces the odds
in numbers against the Poles.
Will the French army—the army
of “always the attack”—sit still?
That Maginot line does not con
template the defensive alone. It per
mits the French ramy to make the
most of an offensive opening. Ger
many may have to move troops from
the Eastern to ,the Western front.
She will have an enormous drain on
munitions to keep up her share of
the Niagaras of shell fire over that
long line of fixed positions on the
Rhine.
Th« French and British hands are
not yet disclosed. They too have
powerful air forces. They can strike
at vital points in Germany, whose,
anti-aircraft defenses are not yet
adequate. That may divert German
air forces from the Polish front. And
the British navy also has air forces.
Again, there is the blockade, sweep
ing German shipping off the seas.
Of this we may be sure—the cen
sorship will draw a tighter veil than
ever before, and experience and
knowledge can best interpret the
ifflcial communiques to get the truth.
U. S. Must Stay Out
To Save Civilization,
Hoover Declares
Ex-President Predicts
Long War; Absolves
German People
By the Associated Prew.
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 2 —
America must keep out of the Euro
pean war “if we are to preserve for
civilization the foundations of De
mocracy and free men," Herbert
Hoover believes.
“It will likely be a long war.” the
former President declared last night
in a speech over a national radio
hook-up (N. B. C.).
"It is possible that Poland may be
overrun in a few months. But there
seems no point of access from which
an overwhelming attack can be de
livered from the British and French
on one side and the Germans and
Italians on the other, which might
quickly end the war. It is likely to
be a war of slow attrition."
Tt. __JJ it__ .
aawvi oniu WIC pi COCUb SllUallUIl
is not "the act of the German peo
ple.”
“It is the act of a group who hold
them in subjection." he said. “The
whole Nazi system is repugnant to
the American people. The most of
American sympathies will be with
the Democracies.”
“Whatever our sympathies are we
cannot solve tire problems of Europe.
America must keep out of this war.
The President and Congress should
be supported in their every effort
to keep us out. We can keep out if
we have the resolute national will
to do so. We can be of more service
to Europe and humanity if we pre
serve the vitality and strength of
the United States for use in the
period of peace much must some
time come. And we must keep out
if we are to preserve for civilization
the foundations' of democracy and
free men.”
Hoover declared this was "one of
the saddest days that has come to
humanity in 100 years.” He said
war meant the killing of "millions of
the best and most courageous of
men who might contribute to hu
man progress.”
San Jose Newspaper
Strike Threatened
By the Associated Press.
SAN JOSE. Calif.. Sept. 2.—The
San Jose unit of the American News
paper Guild, in emergency session
early today, unanimously authorized
a strike vote unless publishers of the
San Jose Mercury-Herald reinstate
four discharged editorial workers
within 48 hours.
The Economy of
Delivery
-.19....
STAR CARRIER:
jfew
Please deliver The Star
until further notice, for
which I will pay you the
regular rates as below.
I have checked the serv
ice desired:
MONTHLY RATES
^ CITY AND SUBURBS
□ The Evening and
Sunday Star-65c per month
□ The Evening Star..45c per month
□ Night Final and
Sunday Star..75c per month
□ Night Final Star_y.60c per month
4
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Address _____
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Or Call NAtional 5-0-0-0, Circulation Department
Poles Held Deprived
Of Look at 16 Points
Before Hitler's Attack
Envoy Given Copy
Aug. 31 When Nazis Cut
Communications. Is Claim
• w
(Continued From Page A-4.)
38 and he promised to give a writ
ten reply following day.
The German reply in writing was
handed to his majesty's Ambassa
dor at 7:15 p.m. on August 28. Apart
from a complete distortion of events
leading up to the crisis the German
government's reply demanded the
arrival in Berlin of a Polish emis
sary with full powers during the
course of the following day.
The reply of the British govern
ment is self-explanatory. It was
communicated by his majesty's Am
bassador to German minister for
foreign affairs at midnight on Au
gust 30. Herr von Ribbentrops
reply was to produce a long docu
ment which he read out rapidly in
German. It was apparently the
16-point plan which the German
government has since published.
When Sir Nevile Henderson asked
for the text of these proposals in
accordance with undertaking the
reply of August 29. Herr von Rib
bentrop asserted that it was now
too late as the Polish plenipotenti
ary had not arrived in Berlin by
midnight as had been demanded by
German government in their com
munication of the previous evening.
The Polish government on learn
ing of these developments informed
his majesty's government during
the afternoon of August 31 that
they would authorize their Ambas
sador to inform the German govern
ment that Poland had accepted the
British proposals for negotiations.
The Polish Ambassador in Berlin
(M. Lipski) was not received by
Herr von Ribbentrop until the eve
ning of August 31. After this in
terview the German government
broadcast its proposals forthwith.
M. Lipski at once tried to establish
contact with Warsaw, but was un
able to do so because all means of
communication between Poland and
Germany had been closed by the
German government.
New Head of F. C. C.
Plans No Quick Changes
James Lawrence Fly, taking over
the chairmanship of the Federal
Communications Commission yes
terday. said he had no definite plans
01 policies for the regulation of radio,
but wanted to study current prob
lems thoroughly and discuss them
with the other commissioners before
favoring any changes
Likewise. Mr. Fly would not dis
cuss the place of the radio com
munication in the neutrality plans
of this Government. He pointed out
that various governmental agencies
now had the matters under consid
eration and they had been the sub
ject of several conferences which he
had attended in an informal ca
pacity.
He also said he has no plans for
any radical changes in the personnel
of the commission's staff. He added
that he had picked a man to serve
as special counsel to the chairman,
but that the "man had not picked
him yet.” Any further changes, he
said, would have to be considered on
the basis of the particular issues and
the particular cases.
During the press conference. Frank
R. McNinch. who retired as chair
man yesterday, said the network
monopoly report would be completed
by the staff and would be ready for
the consideration of the commission
committee in three weeks and that
the interdepartmental report on ra
dio would be ready in 10 days.
Mr. McNinch. it developed, is re
maining in Government service. At
torney General Murphy announc
ing yesterday that he was being re
tained as an expert on communica
tions problems in connection with
pending litigation in the Department
of Justice.
Nye Cautions U. S.
On 'Mad Military Plans'
By the Associated Press.
ESTES PARK. Colo., Sept. 2 —
Senator Gerald P Nye. North Da
kota Republican and long an advo
cate of neutrality legislation, said
yesterday the United States "should
guard now against the mad and
costly military programs.”
Here attending a subcommittee
hearing, the Senator told reporters:
"If the course continues, obviously
Europe is bent upon destroying it
self. The United States must have
no part in this development. We
would be content with our knowledge
of an ample preparedness against
the remotest possibility of an at
tack upon the United States.”
South Africa will issue special
postage stamps to commemorate
the 250th anniversary of the land
ing of the Huguenots in that coun
try.