Evening star. [volume], September 20, 1939, Page A-4, Image 4

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Hitler Danzig Speech
Held Unlikely to
Influence Britain
Existence and Honor
Equally at Stake,
People Feel
By LELAND STOWE.
Chlcito Dally News Foreign Correspondent.
LONDON. Sept. 20—Fuehrer
Adolf Hitler's first war speech, which
proved to be a peace-feeler har
angue. has made far less impression
on the British people—also, it may
safely be assumed, upon the British
government—than any of his major
pronouncements before September 3
of this year. The unanimous reac
tion here is that Hitler may suc
cessfully have bullied his way into
war, but that he will not be per
mitted to bamboozle his way out of
it. At last Great Britain is united
in the conviction that howitzers and
lead constitute the only possible re
ply to Der Fuehrer and that the time
for rhetoric has passed irrevocably.
The British government stands
confidently upon the record of its
white paper in regard to responsi
bility for the present conflict and
the London press sees slight cause
to debate the ‘‘extraordinary mis
representations” voiced by Hitler at
Danzig. It is noteworthy that the
London Times declares bluntly that
Hitler's speech calls only for a prac
tical reply:
‘‘It is enough that powerful, de
termined nations have taken up
arms to see justice done and Hit
lerism thrown down and will not
lay them aside until this elementary
duty to civilization is accomplished.”
Existence Held at Stake.
The time also seems to have passed
when Hitler’s threats and promises
can make any real dent in British
public opinion. The average Eng
lishman. whatever his place in the
social scale, feels keenly that Brit
ain’s honor and existence are
equally at stake. The rape of Poland
and the however serious setbacks
in the first weeks of the hostilities
have served to illuminate graph
ically the gravity of the peril to
the Western democracies. Hereafter
the British will judge Hitler by his
eptc olnnp
Of course, Hitler’s calculated
threat about employing a "weapon
not yet known” has aroused consid
erable speculation in certain circles.
Some people here think Hitler is
just throwing out another "flesh
creeper.” others wonder whether
some more devastating type of bomb
or gas may have been developed by
Germany. There is also one rumor
about a possible spraying device for
deadly bacteria which could be scat
tered over great population centers
from the air. But such speculations
are confined to private or other in
dividuals who try to anticipate what
new horrors science may eventually
Unleash in this second World War.
The newspapers actually pay little
attention to Hitler’s latest scare
stuff, while the Daily Telegraph
calmly remarks that “Those who
war with Germany know they have
to reckon with frightfulness * * *
they will not be turned aside from
the end which they have set them
selves.”
Conviction Solidified.
Hitler's speech can only be im
portant here for further solidify
ing Britain's firm conviction of the
Nazi regime's war guilt and in
humanity and for increasing that
slowly born, reluctantly reached
British determination to meet Hit
lerism's force with force.
If Hitler spoke yesterday as a
prelude to a peace offensive which
he intends to launch with desperate
earnestness in the next few weeks
the British would be no w'hit sur
prised. Perhaps the kind of peace
that Hitler could now offer would
Btill find some willing ears inside
the British Isles, and perhaps an
autumnal armistice move from Ber
lin will eventually disturb political
circles, even if in a restricted sense.
But for the present or any succeed
ing British government to seriously
consider an early peace which would
Inevitably constitute an abject sur
render seems inconceivable in Brit
ain today.
More Hitler speeches such as that
at Danzig are much more likely to
accelerate the fighting spirit
throughout Great Britain.
<Copyri*ht. 19.19, by Chic»to D»lly News.
Inc.)
London
<Continued From First Page.'*
shattered by the unprovoked and
brutal aggression of Germany upon
our Polish allies."
Valuable Positions Taken.
Mr. Chamberlain said that on the
Western front "valuable strategic
and tactical objectives have been
secured by the French, and ground
gained has been held in the face
of increasingly severe German re
sistance."
Earlier, Winston Churchill, first
lord of the admiralty, said there was
"every reason to believe” that the
submarine which sunk the aircraft
carrier Courageous Sunday had been
sunk subsequently.
The Prime Minister said that at
the April, 1917, peak of submarine
warfare in the World War average
weekly sinkings of British shipping
amounted to 127,000 tons, or 39 ships.
"During the week ended Septem
ber 12 tljis year it was 95,000 tons,
or 17 ships, and for the week ended
September 19 it was 45,848 tons, or
13 ships.
"Undoubtedly this decrease was
partly due to working of the convoy
Bystem, which now is increasingly in
operation."
Set on Finish Fight.
The admittedly dark picture ap
peared to have strengthened British
determination to wage a finish fight
to destroy ‘‘Hitlerism."
Virtual collapse of Britain’s ally,
Poland, under the double invasion—
from Germany on the west and
Russia on the east—and the tor
pedoing of the aircraft carrier Cour
ageous Monday with a loss of per
haps 578 men, were chalked up as
outstanding initial successes by the
Nazis. But the British man on the
street pointed out the last battle—
which tradition has Britain always
winning—is still to be fought.
The British still thrilled to tales
of heroism brought ashore from the
Courageous by the 682 survivors.
They told how Capt. W. T. Makeig
Jones stood at salute on the bridge
of the ship, facing her white en
sign fluttering astern, as she sank.
A few minutes before, directing
the abandoning of ship, the captain
called out: ‘‘Take your time, boys;
there is no hurry."
Makeig-Jones' name was not
among those which the admiralty
said “from all the information
available must be regarded as the
Anal list of survivors from H. M. S.
Courageous.” Among the 578 not
accounted for were 17 other officers;
the remainder were seamen.
The British found some consola
tion in the admiralty's original an
nouncement that the Courageous’
attacker was ‘‘heavily attacked by
destroyers and is believed to have
been sunk."
(A communique from the Ger
man high command indicated,
however, the submarine had
escaped. The communique said
the sinking of the aircraft car
rier ‘‘was confirmed by a report
i of the German submarine which
attacked the carrier.”)
The air ministry's first casualty
list was issued last night—17 offi
cers and men missing. Only one was
listed as “believed killed.” Three
were “believed prisoners of war,” and
the others were classified merely as
“missing.”
rress Ketorts to Hitler.
Hitler's Danzig threat to use a cer
tain unspecified "weapon” against
the British—apparently the German
air force—to counter the British
blockade drew a retort from the
Daily Mail.
"It is a safe assumption that the
British government and their re
search experts are not completely
in the dark about the potentialities
of this weapon and of means to
counteract it effectively,” the news
paper said.
The British communique in reply
to Hitler's Danzig speech undertook
step by step to answer his charges
of British responsibility in the war
and declared there was "no ques
tion of Great Britain waging war,
as Herr Hitler declares, on German
women and children.”
“The German government have
| already declared that there are
ample stocks of food in Germany,
but the restriction of the import of
raw materials is not a measure of
which the German government can
legitimately complain. * * *
"Herr Hitler's account of the cir
cumstances attending the outbreak
of war is a travesty of the facts.
He was determined on war and
hoped to the last that Great Britain
would not fulfill her treaty obliga
tions to Poland. * * *’*
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(Continued From First Page.)
to the western front, asserting
operations there were limited and of
a scouting nature.
Speech Seen as Warning.
Adolf Hitler's war policy speech
; in reclaimed Danzig was taken today
by some observers as a warning that
the powerful German air fleet may
be dispatched to England, if the
British naval blockade is consid
ered to be working hardships on the
German pieople.
The Fuehrer was believed by those
observers to be planning an “eye
for-an-eye" war if necessary.
In Danzig yesterday he threat
ened to fight “in the same manner
as our opponents.” Out of his long
address to the cheering throng
that and other salient indications
of German policy were drawn:
Germany is ready to fight seven
years.
“For every bomb falling on a
German city, five or ten will fall
on their (enemy) cities.”
Germany and Soviet Russia,
“the two greatest peoples and
states.” alone will decide the fate
of Poland and establish peace
and order in Eastern Europe.
Germany regards the western
boundary of the Reich as "final.”
and has no “war aims” against
Britain or france.
Twenty years of National So
cialism have unified the German
people so firmly that foreign
propaganda efforts to cause dis
sension are “laughable.”
Firm Outline of Terms.
The impassioned 1 hour and 14
minutes speech, regarded by many
as Hitler's most forceful, was con
sidered not a “peace offer”—but a
firm outline of terms under which
Germany would refrain from turn
ing the present limited war into a
bloodier conflict.
Observers said the speech, offer
ing no compromise with the Western
Powers, was in effect Hitler's last
word to the nations of Europe. His
words were broadcast by radio
throughout Europe and to the
United States.
.The Berlin newspaper Boersen
Zeitung called the address a "last
clarification” of the Reich's stand.
Hitler's reference to a “weapon”
with which to counter the Britist
blockade was cheered wildly.
“England already has begun t<
fight against women and children,
he said. “They have a weapon whici
they think is unbeatable—namel;
domination of the seas. On the sei
they say England cannot be attacke<
and therefore they are justified it
I waging a war with that weapoi
! against women and children not onl;
of the enemy, but also of neutrals.
Should Have No Illusions.
“They should have no illusions
The time could rapidly come whe
! we apply a weapon against which w
i cannot be attacked. Let us hop
I that they then suddenly do not re
member humanity.”
Germany did not want that tvp
of warfare, he said, adding tha
during the Polish campaign he hai
given orders to “spare cities if pos
sible.” He warned, however, tha
i Germany would “accept the gaunt
let” and “fight in the same manne
S as our opponents."
j “Those who dreamed of shatter
j ing Germany and laying in ruin
German cities.” he said, “are n
longer to be heard from becaus
they know that for every bom
falling on a German city, 5 or 1
will fall on their cities.”
The Fuehrer, who came into Dan
zig over flower-strewn streets line
with wildly-cheering townspeopli
said Germany does not feel ob
liged to wage war with France c
with Britain—whose statesmen h
said “agitated” for war. He criti
cized some of the British leader
bitterly, but was particularly mod
erate in his references to France.
Germany wants nothing c
France, he said, adding that th
frontier between the two countrie
could remain as it is for all timi
j From England he said he ha
; sought nothing but friendship.
j Eighty thousand tourists, mostl
Americans, spent over $11,000,000 i
I Bermuda last year.
United States to See
Reich Treats Allied
Prisoners Fairly
Agrees to Represent
British and French
Interests in Germany
By the Associated Press.
One of the extraordinary duties
thrust on the American Govern
ment by the war is to see that Brit
ish and French prisoners of war get
fair treatment in Germany.
In consenting to represent British
and French interests in the Reich,
the Government also agreed to look
after the condition of the prisoners
from those countries.
The American Embassy in Berlin
and various consulates will carry on
the necessary inspections, which in
time may embrace tens of thousands
of men. They will expect German
treatment to follow the provisions
of a treaty regarding prisoners of
war signed in Geneva in 1929 by
Germany, Great Britain, France,
the United States and 43 other
nations.
Under this agreement prisoners
are given a wide range of rights
over which the "protecting power”—
in this case the United States—has
the duty of inspection. x
Reprisals Prohibited.
Prisoners of war must at all times
be humanely treated and protected
Reprisals against them are prohib
ited.
No coercion may be used to obtain
information about their army or
country.
All their personal effects, includ
ing money, remain their property
Prisoners may not be placed in
prisons, but in buildings or barrack?
affording all possible guarantees ol
healthfulness. Their living quarters
food and water must be equal to
those of troops at German base
camps. They have the right to
medical attention and to admission
to hospitals.
Prisoners of different nationalities
and races may not be co-mingled;
officers must be separated from the
j rank and file. Officers taken prisonei
j need salute only German officers ol
, I an equal or higher rank.
Wages Must Be Paid.
t Germany may utilize the labor ol
■ British and French prisoners, but
i the labor must have yo direct rela
1 tion with war operations, condition!
l of work must not be heavier thar
i for the civil workers employed ir
• ; the same work. Wages must be paid
Officers are exempt from work un
less they ask for it.
The prisoners will be permitted t<
1 send mail and to receive mail anc
, i parcels containing food, clothinf
, I and books.
Prisoners may be punished fo:
infraction of camp rules, but thi
, punishment may not be corporal; i
i may not be more severe than tha
j provided for German soldiers witl
regard to the same offense.
t If a Judicial proceeding is insti
tuted against a British or FrencI
r prisoner for a serious offense, Ameri
can diplomatic representatives mus
_ 1 be notified at least three week
s before the opening of the trial. I
5 the prisoner does not choose a de
„ fense counsel, the American Em
j bassy or Consulate may name one.
] Has Right of Appeal.
j The prisoner has the same righ
. to appeal from a sentence as a Ger
i man soldier.
i Germany will be obligated to sen*
- back to Britain and France seriousl;
r sick or injured soldiers as soon a
e 1 possible.
The American diplomatic corps ii
s Germany is now under the directioi
. of Charge d'Affaires Alexander C
j Kirk of Chicago, there being no Am
f j bassador.
e ! -
s Use your head to avoid accident!
'. not to soil a stretcher.
i -
Landon
(■Continued From First Page.)_
catea he would favor adoption of
i the cash-and-carry plan, too. He
said he was for repeal of all the
neutrality laws and a return to the
law of nations, as governing Amer
ican neutrality.
Gamer Holds Silence.
Vice President Garner, who has
remained silent on the issue, was
met at the train today by Col.
Edwin A. Halsey, secretary to the
Senate.
The Vice President smilingly dis
cussed his summer vacation, which
included a lot of fishing. He looked
hale and hearty f.nd suntanned. He
was accompanied by Mrs. Garner
and they went immediately to their
hotel.
Representative Rayburn, majority
leader of the House, arrived on the
same train with the Vice President.
He also declined to comment on
plans for neutrality legislation. Both
will attend the White House con
ference this afternoon.
“Of course. I am coming down
here in a spirit of co-operation in
this most unusual crisis confronting
, the American people." Mr. Landon
: said as he left his train.
Mr. Landon in the past has re
peatedly indicated that with him
politics ends at the water's edge.
At one time he made a statement
strongly opposing the proposal to
write into the Constitution a war
referendum, which the administra
tion in Washington believed unwise
11 Here as an American.
“The President has asked us tc
adjourn politics,” commented Col
1 Knox. “I approve of that. I am
' down here as an American, not as a
;1 Republican. My views on the arms
! embargo have been expressed agair
and again in the Chicago Dally
News (of which he is publisher). 1
am for repeal of all these neutrality
! laws, enacted in the last few years
! and a return to international law
; to govern our neutrality.
■ | “I would not object to a cash and
! carry plan."
1 Representative Martin of Massa
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chusetts, Republican leader of the
House, met Mr. Landon and Col.
Knox at the train. He, too, is to
attend this afternoon's conference.
Mr. Martin declined to comment
on the embargo issue.
"I am going to the White House to
listen,” he said. “This matter will
not reach the House in all probabil
i ity for a month. I don't know what
I will happen in that time and I shall
be ready to meet the issue when the
; time comes.”
! The House minority leader had
reference to the fact the Senate
is expected to deal first with the
neutrality legislation. The Bloom
bill, passed by the House at the
last session, is now before the Sen
ate Foreign Relations Committee.
The expected plan is to have the
measure amended by the Senate
and send it back to the House for
approval.
The lines of congressional divi
sion on the issue were being indi
cated pretty clearly in advance as
the returning members submitted to
interviews, most of them freely dis
closing their intentions whenever
a vote arrives. Most of them claimed
heavy mail in support of their re
spective positions.
Senator Capper, Republican, of
Kansas redclared he would oppose
repeal of the embargo and any
amendment which would weaken the
Neutrality Act. Senator Clark, Dem
ocrat. of Ioha voiced a similar de
termination.
That the question will cut party
lines was assured by Senator Austin
Republican, of Vermont, assistant
i minority leader. Asserting that his
first choice would be complete re
peal of the Neutrality Act and a
1 return to international law. the
Vermont Senator added, “but I can
vote in good conscience for the
cash-and-carry plan. On its face it
is free from partiality.” Senator
Austin is one of those attending this
afternoon's conference.
Senator Hatch, Democrat, of New
Mexico, opposing a return to inter
national law', said he would favor
the cash-and-carry program. He
pleaded for an absence of "unwise
debate.”
Senator Wiley, Republican, of
Wisconsin said he wanted to listen
to all arguments, but added that
"thinking and not talking” is the
vital need.
Meanwhile, informal conferences
among Senators who believe in re
taining the embargo were being held.
It is expected that a more formal
meeting will be called for tomorrow
morning, before Congress convenes,
at which plans of campaign will be
discussed.
Senator Nye. Republican, of North
Dakota, one of the leaders in the
fight against repeal of the embargo,
said the anti-repeal forces were
sticking together “just grandly.”
“Mdny members are learning now
what their constituents back home
feel in this matter,” he added. “Their
mail shows an overwhelming number
of the writers against embargo re
peal—and that goes for members of
Congress who have not been aligned
with us on this issue. More and
more members are telling me they
are now keeping an open mind on
this question and will decide later
how they are going to vote.”
Yandenberg Is Opposed.
Arriving here yesterday for the
special session, Senators Vanden
berg, Republican, of Michigan and
Holt, Democrat, of West Virginia
immediately reiterated their opposi
tion to revising the law. Senator
Connally. Democrat, of Texas, how
ever. favored repeal of the embargo
and substitution of a cash-and-carry
system with some reservations as
to the “cash” part of that propo
sition.
“The important thing,” he said,
“is the carriage in foreign ships of
supplies purchased here. The meth
ods of payment—whether in cash or
in credit extended by private firms—
is not vital.”
He declared himself in favor of an
additional increase in “our naval
| and military strength,” adding:
I “In the condition of the world, *
we might as well recognize that we
have got to arm to the teeth and
i stay armed to the teeth to prevent
attack from ambitious powers.”
__
: Spain plans to spend $80,000,000
! immediately on its roads.
Gen. Smigly-Rydz Interned
In Rumania for War Duration
Government Acts ?
Despite Paris and
London Appeals
By the Associated Press.
BUCHAREST. Sept. 20.—The Ru
manian government announced to
day Marshal Edward Smigly-Rydz,
chief of Poland's scattered military
forces, would be Interned in Ru
mania for duration of the European
war, despite appeals from Britain
and Prance.
The Nazis have insisted the mar
shal, like other soldiers, should be
forced to stay in the country to
which he fled.
It was understood British and
French diplomats had tried to in
duce the government to permit
Smigly-Rydz to proceed to Paris
with President Ignace Moscicki, For
eign Minister Josef Beck and other
Polish civilian leaders.
In the interests of Rumanian neu
trality the President and foreign
minister, however, were urged to
move on as quickly as possible.
A new decree law ordering all
Czech and Polish civilians to quit
Rumania within two weeks was an
nounced.
It was understood the Poles and
Czechs were trying to arrange new
havens in Britain and France.
MARSHAL EDWARD SMIGLY
RYDZ.
(The Chicago Daily News reported
from Paris that Marshal Smigly
Rydz's place as generalissimo of the
Polish Army has been taken by the
former chief of staff, Gen. Soben
kowsky.)
L_-1^_ i 1111—^
DANZIG.—HITLER GREETED—First picture to be received in America of Hitler’s appearance
in Danzig yesterday, this scene shows Der Fuehrer (left) greeting Albert Forster, No. 1 Danzig
Nazi, before his defiant speech in which he said Germany was ready to fight for seven years.
They stand in a street bedecked with swastikas and beneath a sign: “Danzig Greets Its
Fuehrer.” Photo radioed from Berlin. —A. P. Wirephoto.
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