Evening star. [volume], September 20, 1939, Page A-8, Image 8

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Destroyers Seeking
Control of Sea in
Drive on Subs
Hope to End Torpedo
Menace, With Depth
Charge Best Weapon
With depth charges, popularly
known during the first World War
as “G. I.-cans,” racked on their stern
launching rails, British and French
destroyers again are on patrol in a
duel with German submarines for
mastery of the sea. Submarine
hunting, with the toll in torpedoed
ships mounting daily, has become
again the most vital phase of naval
warfare.
For Great Britain’s continued se
curity the submarine menace must
be abated. Already, in less than
three weeks of warfare, she has lost
at least 30 merchant ships and an
aircraft carrier to German subma
rines. Unrestricted submarine war
fare during the World War nearly
brought Great Britain to her knees.
Already the toll of submarine
warfare has mounted to heights it
did not reach until the first World
War had been in progress for two
years or more. At the start of this
war the German underseas fleet was
vastly more powerful than in 1914
and it has been put to work from
the start on commerce raiding.
When the World War began in
1914 Germany had 27 U-boats in op
eration. At the start of this war
she was credited with 50 built and
Service Orders
ARMY.
MEDICAL CORPS.
Duenner. Col. Robert H.. to lit Corps
Are*.
Wallace. First Lt. John B.. from Port Brace
to Denver.
ARMY NURSE CORPS.
Strawlnski. Second Lt. Mary C.. retired,
Washington.
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.
Mettler. Col. Charles G . retired from Aber
deen Proving Ground.
Call. Pirst Lt. William A., from Hawaii to
Raritan Arsenal.
INFANTRY.
Jones. Col. Ralph E.. retired from Grand
Ramds.
Crawford. Second Lt. William R.. from
Port Bliss to Dallas.
Ewing Second Lt. John T. from Port
Huachuca to Randolph Field.
OrifTlth. Second Lt. John H., from Port '
Preble to Randolph Field
Swearingen. Second Lt. Samuel M., from I
Fort Snelling to Randolph Field.
Meredith. Col. Owen R. from Salt Lake I
City to 8an Francisco.
Crawford Capt. Thomas M.. from Port Jay
to Fort Leavenworth.
Elson. Maj. John H. retired from Omaha
Helsley. Maj. Albert B., from San Prancisco
to Hth Corps Area
Thurston. Capt. Benjamin E . from West
Point to Hawaii.
‘ FIELD ARTILLERY.
Smith Maj. Sumner M.. retired
Vance. Maj. Preston T.. retired from Port
5111.
ing Maj. Albert E.. from Hawaii to
Fort Hoyle.
Hood. Capt. Robert B.. from Fort Sheridan
to Hawaii.
Oardner. Capt. F. Scoon. from Fort Bragg
to Ames Iowa.
Wallace. First Lt. David C.. from Fort
Bragg to Fort Belvoir.
Pltchford. Second Lt John C.. from Port
Sill to Randolph Field.
Conrad. Capt. G. Bryan, from Fort Sill to
London, England
COAST ARTILLERY.
Cordero. Mai. Mario, from Port Barrancas
to Fort Monroe.
Moore. First Lt Edward W., from Tusca
loosa to RandolDh Field.
CAVALRY
retley. Pirst Lt. Wilfred H.. from Monterey
to Hawaii.
Cheshire. Maj. Henry H., retired, from Fort i
auuuwni.
Uckenbaugh. First Lt Carl La V.. from
Fort Des Moines to Randolph Field,
[■urner. First Lt. Jack W.. from Fort Knox
to Randolph Field
Estes, First Lt. Howell M.. from Fort Bliss
to Randolph Field.
Jlson. First Lt. Jergen B., from Dover,
N. J.. to Randolph Field.
DENTAL CORPS.
Senney, Lt. Col. Clarence R.. from Port
Riley to Fort Sam Houston.
AIR CORPS.
leald. Capt. Robert S. retired
QUARTERMASTER CORPS.
Jowdall. Capt. Harrv G.. from Hawaii to
San Francisco.
NAVY.
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION.
McVey. Lt James B. from Norfolk to
Newport.
MEDICAL CORPS.
Vare, Lt. Robert L.. continue at Naval
Academy instead of University of Penn
sylvania
ASIATIC DISPATCH ORDERS.
Jassidy. Capt. Richard X.. to South China
Patrol.
Sanson Comdr. Evan G.. from Cavite, P. I,
to San Diego
Selmkamp. Lt. Comdr. Elmer F.. to U. B.
S. Paul Jones.
Manees. Lt. Comdr. Leon J.. to U. 8 8.
Canopus.
balor. Lt. Comdr. William G.. to U. 8. 8
Peary.
Zimmerli. Lt. Comdr. Rupert M.. to U. 8 8
Whipple.
Money Lt. Comdr. Peter M.. from U. 8. 8.
Peary to Charleston
kyrault, Lt. Comdr. Arthur D„ from U. 8.
S Paul Jones to Puget Sound.
Jlay Lt. Comdr. James P. from U. 8 8.
Whipple to San Francisco.
“ace Lt. Comdr. Willis W., continue at
Cavite. P. I.
mark. Lt. Robert N. 8.. from U. 8. 8.
Mindanao to U. S. S. J. D. Edwards,
3urley Lt. Ralph R„ to 16th Naval Dis
trict
Strong Lt. Comdr. Robert C.. to 16th Na
val District.
-ebegue Lt. Wilfred G„ from Cavite to
New York City.
Sanchez. Lt, Henry G.. from U. 8. 8. Heron
to Pensacola
lenard. Lt Jack C„ to U. 8. S. Augusta.
Myers Lt. Curtis A., from U. 8. 8. John D.
Edwards to New York City.
3ates. Lt. Bernard M.. continue 16th Na
val District.
Sheppard. Lt. (j. g > Frederick W.. from
U. S 8 Augusta to Asiatic Fleet,
-amade. Lt. (J. g.) John D.. to U. 8. 8.
Augusta.
Jerley Lt. (J. g.) Ferdinand V. to De
stroyer Division J4.
Uardinl. Lt. (J. e.) John E„ to Destroyer
Division 15.
>oos. Lt. (J. g.) Robert 8.. from Destroyer
Division 14 to 16th Naval District,
ramieson. Lt. (1. g.) Robert B.. from De
stroyer Division IB to 4th Marines.
.A
SUBMARINE NEMESES—The British counterparts of these American destroyers are largely relied
on to combat the U-boat menace. Arrow points to machine which releases depth bombs over
the stern against submerged submarines. Close-up pictures of depth bombs are forbidden by the
Navy Department. —A. P. Photo.
marines at the close of the World
War were air bombs and depth
charges. Apparently the same
weapons promise greatest hope of
success against the modern sub
marines. During the World War
depth charges were discharged by
two methods—one by rolling of!
rails hanging over the stern of the
ship, the other by being propelled
through the air from the muzzles
of “Y-guns" by small charges of
gunpowder.
Modern destroyers carry only
the launching rails and the Y-gun
method has been virtually aban
doned. Racked on the rails, the
depth charges, in large cylindrical
containers, are merely rolled off the
stern, singly or in salvos, as the
destroyer speeds over the supposed
location of the submerged under
sea boat. The charges are equipped
with detonators which may be set
for explosion at any predetermined
depth.
The destroyer, with its speed and
maneuverability, offers a poor target
for a torpedo and can quickly run
down any submarine which can
be located by means of sensitive
underwater listening devices or
“ears" in the destroyer's hull.
How many submarines have been
disposed of is not known. There
have been some but the number is
concealed behind a terse com
munique released by the British
ministry of information showing
that British war vessels are already
at work, as they were in the last
war, to clear the shipping lanes of
submarines. The communique, is
sued on the twelfth day of hostilities,
merely said “a number" of U-boats
had been destroyed.
Both Nations Vulnerable.
Thus phase of the war is important
alike to Germany and Great Britain.
Both are vulnerable because they
depend to a large extent on outside
sources for raw materials and food
stuffs. That is probably more true
now of Great Britain than Ger
many. In Germany the Nazis have
developed a number of ersatz (sub
stitute) products which will aid her
economy but not suffice for a long
war. She may be able to draw upon
Russia and the neutral Balkans for
materials.
Nevertheless, to a large extent, the
question of sea control is of sur- j
passing importance. The last war
offers a good example. At one time
Germany was very close to winning
the war because of her submarine
campaign. In April, 1917, British
shipping losses totaled 900,000 tons.
It was after this disastrous month
that Admiral Jellicoe wrote the
British Prime Minister that loss of
shipping alone might force the al
lies to conclude peace.
During the whole war allies lost
a grand total of 5,408 ships having
11,189,000 gross tons. About half
the losses were Great Britain’s.
But toward the close of 1917 and
for the rest of the war the allies had
the mastery.
Mrs. Kingsbury's Will
Disposes of $111,500
An estate valued at $111,500 was
left by Mrs. Florence S. Kingsbury,
daughter of Gen. H. W. Slocum,
Civil War hero, a petition for the
probate of her will, filed in District
Court yesterday, disclosed.
The estate, comprising more than
$73,000 in bonds and $23,000 in stocks,
also included an oil portrait of Gen.
Slocum. Mrs. Kingsbury, who was
about 80 years old when she died
here September 0, left her entire i
estate to her children, Clara S.
Kingsbury-, Mrs. Elizabeth S. Mc
Knew and Slocum Kingsbury, local
architect. The will was drawn in
September, 1028.
Plane Brings Young
Students From Brazil
Jack Varty, 12, and his brother,
Robert, 10, sons of C. R. Varty. pres- I
ident of the National City Bank’s j
branch at Sao Paulo, Brazil, arrived i
here by airplane from South America !
yesterday to resume their studies at j
Avondale Country School, Laurel,1
Md. The boys left Rio Saturday by
Pan American Airways.
Jack and Robert, who are entering
on their fourth school year here,
have made several previous trips to
the States aboard freighters, but
their father preferred toThave them
travel by air this year because of the
European war.
-wunumg, nu Ui lUCIIl IltJW
vessels of the most modern types.
Unofficial reports indicate 100 may
be in operation.
Russia, according to the latest
available figures, has more than 134
submarines which she could add to
the German underseas fleet at once
in case of Joint military action by
the two powers.
Against them the British have 55
submarines built and 18 building and
France 75 built and 27 building, ac
cording to the latest available fig
ures, giving strengths as of July 1.
Italy Has 105 Subs.
Italy, one of the strongest of un
dersea powers, has 105 submarines
built, of which 98 are listed as mod
ern, “underage” vessels, and 28
building. No figures for Japan are
available later than 1936. when she !
had 60 submarines completed
The United States, by way of con- '
trast, has a total of 89 submarines,
67 of which are obsolete, overage
types and 21 of which are laid up
and not available for operation
This country has a total of 58 oper
ating submarines, many of them
overage.
Experience indicates that only
one-third of the submarines of any
naval power can be kept in opera
tion “at the front” at one time, the
other two-thirds being in yaras
undergoing repairs, replenishing of
supplies and equipment, or en route
back and forth between battle sta
tions and home ports.
This means that if Germany has
60 U-boats available for service,
perhaps not more than 20 of them
actually are patrolling the sea
lanes on the prowl for victims at
one time, in the opinion of naval
officers here.
The speed with which the Ger
mans have resumed submarine war
fare in this war apparently has re
sulted in their stealing a march on
the British and French, who have
not yet had time to re-establish the
complicated anti-submarine de
fenses they had built up by 1918.
The best weapons against sub
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