Small Lands
Pin Hopes on
Congress
Do Not Want ,
Arms Embargo
Retained by U. S.
By DAVID LAWRENCE.
Governments, large and small,
but mostly the smaller ones, from
all over the world, have fastened
their eyes on the Congress of the
united otttica
to watch what
may prove to be
an epochal de- j
clsion in world |
history, on 1
whether Ameri- J
ca will hereafter ■
sell munitions in 1
time of war. 1
If the em- 1
bargo is retained
in the face of j;
s u c h a critical |
choice as con- : .
fronts the Unit- &
ed States at tne
moment, smaller DaTid Lawrence,
nations will be disappointed. For
it will mean that, since they are
without big manufacturing plants
and arsenals, they will be at the
mercy of aggressor nations, or else
will have to store up in peacetime
abnormally large quantities of arms
and ammunition.
All further efforts to bring about
disarmament or a general reduc
tion in armament, it now is felt
by smaller governments, will have
to be discarded, and America, the
champion of disarmament for many
years, will never be able to use the
argument again that it is safe for
small nations to forego armament
preparations because they can al
ways buy from the larger ones.
Smaller nations in the Western
Hemisphere will feel the pinch of
the new policy if the arms embargo
is retained, for, once the precedent
is established, it is unlikely that
anv nations hereafter will wish to
take the chance of waiting till a
crisis in international affairs arises
before beginning to seek defense
weapons. The present law excludes
Central and South American re
publics, but, if the embargo against
Europe is maintained, it is safe to
assume it would be applied later in
this hemisphere.
Small Countries’ Plight.
There is also the belief that
smaller countries will not wish to
establish trade relationships for
needed materials in peacetime if.
at any moment on the approach of
an emergency in their relations
with other countries, America would
cut off the flow of materials needed
for defense.
The fate of the smaller nations
everywhere rests with the American
Congress. Shall there be three or
four large countries dominating the
world hereafter in a new balance
of power? Will not the smaller
countries begin to surrender little
by little their political and eco
nomic independence because of a
fear that they will be defenseless
even in combination with other
small countries against the big mo
nopolies of the world? These ques
tions are heard often in diplomatic
circles as the probable effect of
America’s embargo policy is studied,
not merely in its immediate rela
♦InnsViin t.n t.hp Knrnnean war but
to the laws and customs of nations
generally hereafter.
The average diplomat here is
eareful not to mix in American af
fairs, but he asks rather cynically
why the United States, by retaining
the present law, allows airplanes
and munitions to go to Russia,
whose army is now in Poland occu
pying the territory of a defenseless
nation. At the same time it is
asked why the United States has
continued to supply Japan and
China with arms when engaged in
one of the most devastating wars
in all history. The official answer
is that Japan, China and Russia
have, respectively, made no formal
declarations of war. Under the
present law, which a considerable
number of citizens are asking shall
go unchanged, these inconsistencies
have developed.
Reason for 300-Mile Zone.
It is significant that Central and
South American republics are be
ginning to ask what is the trend
of policy of the United States, not
only toward the exportation of arms
and ammunition, but toward the
defense of the Western Hemisphere
against European intrigue. The
conference going on at Panama is
expected to clarify the rights of
neutrals. The proposal reported
from Panama for a 300-mile limit
as a zone outside the coasts of
North and South America within
which there must be no belligerent
operations meets with approval of
Government officials here because
it is in line with President Roose
velt's recent comment that the ter
ritorial waters may be construed as
extending as far out into the ocean
as our interests may require.
It is beginning to be understood
here now why the President went
out of his way the other day to
draw attention to the presence of
foreign submarines in American
waters. Mr. Roosevelt's motive was
promptly assumed by critics to be
associated with a desire to dramatize
the war or possible attack. Actual
ly Mr. Roosevelt now is revealed as
having endeavored to drive home
a point which would be noted in the
conference of neutrals at Panama,
namely, that there is need for a
zone large enough to protect coast
wise shipping and inter-American
transportation from the hazards of
search or seizure by either the
British patrols or the German sub
marines or both.
(Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
^ i _ _ f r*
jui» rmunce vsroup
To Meet Here in 'AO
By the Associated Press. j
CHICAGO. Sept. 26.—Election of
officers of the National Association
of Sales Finance Companies for the
coming year was announced here
yesterday at the association's head
quarters. New officers are:
President. Clarence L. Landen of
. Omaha, Nebr., who succeeds A. D.
Weller of Rochester. N. Y.
Vice presidents, William W. Mc
Carthy of Boston, L. M. Seiver of
Philadelphia, H. G. Snodgrass of
San Francisco and Weller.
G. H. McClure of Chicago was re
elected treasurer, and Milan V.
Ayres, who is analyst of the asso
ciation, was re-elected secretary.
Directors have chosen Washing
ton. D. c., for the association’s 1940
convention, which will be held In
October, with dates to be announced
later.
k y
The Capital Parade
Treasury and Reserve Board at Odds on Policy;
Morgenthau Urges U. S. Bonds Set Own Price Level
By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER.
The wartime gyrations of the Government bond market have plunged
the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board into a bitter policy dispute. Th(
immediate question at issue is whether the Government should continu*
support of its own bonds, but that in turn involves the much broadei
questions of Government control of credit and the New Deal easy monej
policy.
The truth is, the decision in the Treasury-Reserve Board controversj
will constitute the first of the fundamental and far-reaching policy de
cisions which the war emergency will inevitably require the President tc
make.
Support or Non-Support
The current dispute is, of course, only one more expression of the
divergence in philosophy between the orthodox Secretary of the Treasury
Henry Morgenthau, jr„ and the unorthodox chairman of the Reserve
Board, Marriner S. Eccles. In this instance, Mr. Morgenthau has lined up
behind him in a solid phalanx his Undersecretary, the astute John W
Hanes; his new bond market adviser, W. Randolph Burgess, and all his new
ppminniidc onH hncinocc liolcnn man
Mr. Eccles is not sure of the sup
port of the entire Reserve Board,
but, as he is the dominant figure, he
may be taken to speak for his associ
ates.
In the earlier days of the war /
emergency, when neither Mr. '
Morgenthau nor Mr. Eccles was at
his post, the problem of the Gov
ernment bond market was handled
pettier uny enuugn uy a .treasury- ■ > -n
Reserve Board joint committee including Hanes; the Treasury’s besl
technician, Daniel W. Bell; the vice chairman of the Reserve Board
Ronald Ransom, and the governor of the New York Reserve Bank
George Harrison. Conditions in the market were panicky, and all parties
agreed on the wisdom of extending moderate support through Federal
Reserve System bond purchases.
When Mr. Eccles and Mr. Morgenthau got back, however, they
promptly went at it, hammer and tongs. As might be expected, Mr
Morgenthau was the exponent of the “natural market’’ theory, urging that
Government bonds be permitted to find their own level as soon as possible
The Morgenthau argument: Until they feel confident it is not artificial
banks and investors will avoid the Government bond market. Avoiding it
they will also refuse to pour capital into new enterprise. Thus, prosperity
will be retarded, while the Government's financing will continue difficult
Mr. Eccles, within whose official province are the Government bond
purchases, fought for a supported market out of concern for his beloved
cheap money policy. The Eccles argument: If Government bonds are
not supported, their price will fall and their interest rate rise propor
tionally. With the rise in the Government interest rate, money will
cease to be cheap, and such boomlets as that in housing will be endan
gered. Government financing will not be interfered with by the Gov
ernment bond-buying, since the urge to sell bonds will weaken as the
Government buys.
Appeal to Caesar
Until the beginning of last week, Messrs. Eccles and Morgenthau
hurled their arguments at each other's heads without changing any
thing much except the state of their tempers. Then, on Tuesday, Mr
Morgenthau virtually commanded Mr. Eccles to stop the Reserve Board
bond purchases, stating that Government financing might be coming
soon and that he must know that market's real condition. On Wednes
YES,&uV ^
PONDS &
Omtwe.
vinj twiu luuisua.v, jvir. rjCCie!
, abruptly pulled the plug, and Gov
' ernment bonds dropped about twc
points. On Friday, without consult
ing the Treasury', Mr. Eccles re
turned to the market with the same
abruptness, once more initiating
i_bond purchases on the old plan,
t, Messrs. Eccles and Morgen
thau, therefore, are now in a high
statP nf rflPP nnri mutual arnica.
sation. The Treasury asserts that
the “test” provided by Mr. Eccles was really no test at all. having beer
carefully managed to create the maximum of alarm without giving
the slightest assurance. The Reserve Board snappishly replies that the
test was perfectly adequate and clearly demonstrated that Mr. Morgenthai
had been talking through his hat from the start.
Presumably the dispute must now be appealed to Caesar, in the
person of the President. Mr. Morgenthau wants an open intimation
that a “natural” bond market is the Government's objective. This, it if
declared, will give the reassurance which the Reserve Board test ii
accused of lacking. Mr. Eccles wants to be allowed to go on in his own
sweet way, which, so he believes, is absolutely necessary to the New
Deal credit policy. As to what the President's decision will be, only ar
all-seeing Providence can foretell.
(Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
Two Women's Colleges Put
On Pilot Training List
Two women's colleges are in
cluded in a list of 40 additional col
leges and universities which have
been approved as participants in
the civilian pilot training program
of the Civil Aeronautics Authority.
The new list, announced today, in
creases to 300 the number of edu
cational institutions taking part.
The women's colleges, the first in
cluded in the program, are Mills
College, Oakland, Calif., and Lake
Erie College, Painesville, Ohio.
Although these are the only
schools exclusively for women so
far selected Robert H. Hinckley, C.
A. A. chairman, explained that co
educational institutions have the
authority to admit girl students in
numbers up to 10 per cent of their
quotas. He estimated, however, that
not more than 3 per cent of a total
of 11.000 students to be trained will
be women.
“The inclusion of women in this
vocational training program,'
Chairman Hinckley said, “must b<
considered this year to be entirelj
experimental. Little or no dats
exists on the adaptability of wom
en to group training as pilots, al
though individual woman flyers hav<
in many cases made distinguishec
records. The Authority has higl
hopes that experience gained dur
ing the coming school year wil
furnish encouragement for the wide
spread entrance of women into avi
ation.”
The new list also includes a col
ored educational institution, Hamp
ton Institute, Hampton, Va., the
third colored college included.
Funeral Services Held
For Mrs. Wilson Drury
Mrs. Wilson Drury, 39, of Comp
ton, Md„ who died Saturday in
Providence Hospital, was buried yes
terday in Leonardtown, Md., after
services at St. Aloysius Catholic
Church there.
Mrs. Drury is survived by her
husband, Wilson Drury, and eight
children; her parents, Capt. and
Mrs. Franklin Adams of Compton;
two sisters, Mrs. Edward Nelson and
Miss Ernestine Adams, and two
brothers. John and Earle Adams,
all of Washington.
Col. Prunty, 64, Dies;
Served in Capital
Col. Leonard W. Prunty, 64.
U. S. A., retired, who served here in
the War Department from 1918 to
1928, died Sunday at Fort Riley,
Kans., it was learned today.
Col. Prunty. who was graduated
from West Point in 1901, served ir
Washington first on the War De
partment general staff, war plans
division, and later in the office ol
the chief of the Militia Bureau. Ht
was retired with the rank of lieu
tenant colonel in 1929, was recalled
and served until 1932.
He is survived by his wife. Mrs
Bertha H. Prunty, of Manhattan
Kans.
You may smile at safety, but you
can’t laugh off an accident.
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HOURS—B A.M.-7 F.M. SAT. TILL S P.M.
A A
CTHE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not
x necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The
Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its
readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s.
The Political Mill
Adjournment of Politics in Domestic
Issues Neither Asked Nor Likely
By G. GOULD LINCOLN.
Adjournment of politics means in
the final analysis maintenance of
the status quo of political leadership.
Perhaps that is the reason behind
thee invitation .
extended to
President Roose
velt by former
Gov. Landon of
Kansas, the tit
ular head of the
Republican par
ty, to declare
that he will not f
permit himself §
to be nominated |
for a third term
in the White
House. 4
It must be re- |
mamhcrpH hOW
ever, that Presi- o. G»uU Lincoln,
dent Roosevelt, when he asked for
an adjournment of partisan politics,
had particular reference to revision
of the neutrality law, with a view
to strengthening the position of the
United States in the light of the
European war. He did not ask for
an adjournment of politics so far
as domestic issues—as distinguished
from our foreign policy—are con
cerned. Nor did he say that this
adjournment of politics should ex
tend through 1940 or beyond it.
True, some of the Roosevelt New
Dealers, and most of the anti-New
Deal Democrats and Republicans,
have interpreted the request for an
adjournment of politics as meaning
something more than a hope that
the Congress will act without par
tisanship on the neutrality bill. But
there has been nothing from the
President himself to indicate that
Might Be Different Later.
If, when Congress meets in regu
lar session, there is a further de
mand that all partisanship be laid
aside in the consideration of the
administration’s program—relating
to domestic problems—a vastly dif
ferent question will be presented.
There is no doubt that the ready
assumption of partis? n New Deal
ers that the outbreak of the war in
Europe means necessarily the re
nomination and re-election of Presi
dent Roosevelt is responsible for a
demand that the President do some
thing to prove that he is not seek
ing to make political capital foi
himself. As Mr. Landon secs it
the surest proof would be an an
nouncement nowT that, the President
will not run again for the presi
dency. Undoubtedly, such an an
nouncement would be effective.
Whether it would have the slight
est effect on the fight now raging
in Congress over the President's
, proposal that the arms embargo
provision of the neutrality laws be
repealed is extremely problematical
As things now stand, some of the
President's bitterest opponents in
both the Democratic and Republican
, parties have aligned themselves in
support of repeal—whereas seme of
his earnest supporters in domestic
affairs have joined the anti-repeal
group. The same is true outside the
Congress.
Wants New Dealer.
The question whether the Presi
dent is to seek a third term will
be decided in the end by the Presi
dent himself. This writer has never
believed that the President has cle
1 sired a third term or. in the final
showdown, that he would permit
himself to be renominated. On the
other hand, the President nad made
it clear beyond all doubt that he
will fight for the nomination by the
■ Democratic party next vear of a
| candidate who will support the
policies of the New Deal. Even il
he announced immediately that he
himself would not be a candidate
for renomination under any cir
cumstances, it would be too much
to expect him to recant on his de
mand that the Democrats nominate
in 1940 a man of his own political
and economic philosophy.
One thing seems entirely certain.
If the President declares himself out
of the race, there will immediately
ensue a wild scramble among Demo
crats for the presidential nomina
tion. That will come whenever he
makes it known he does not intend
to become a candidate. It would
serve no particular purpose of value
to have such a scramble at this time,
when the thought of the country as
well as Congress is how best to
maintain a neutral position for the
United States toward the European
war. It does not seem reasonable,
therefore, to expect any such an
nouncement from the President for
the present.
Another thing appears almost
equally certain. When 1940 rolls
around there will be no adjournment
of partisan politics in the United
States. Already Senator Arthur
H. Vandenberg of Michigan, a fore
most likely nominee of the Repub
lican party for the presidency, has
made this extremely clear in a speech
which he delivered little more than
a week ago to the Republicans in
Grand Rapids. And no matter w'hat
the foreign situation may be, the
Republicans are not going to let the
country forget domestic issues. They j
will bear down hard on the deficit I
spending of the present administra- j
tion, on the buildup of the present
gigantic bureaucracy in Washington
and throughout the country, on the 1
fear that many businessmen have
of the administration.
Frank Consideration Urged.
Nor is it at all likely that politics
n*il1 Wo hiIIaiihmaJ 4l>o oou -l j_ ■
. m* wtioiutia*
tion of the foreign policy of this
country—irrespective of the struggle
over the neutrality laws and their
amendment. Franklvn Waltman,
publicity director for the Republican 1
National Committee, writing on the
question, “Should Politics Be Ad- !
journed in Present Conditions,”
said: “The very fact that our coun
try now faces a grave situation is all
the more reason that there should be
a frank, open and courageous con
sideration of our problems by repre
sentatives of all elements of the
American people. Especially in any
situation involving the grave ques
tion of war, the people of this coun
try have a right to be heard.
“Most of the ills from which this
nation is suffering today result from
an adjournment of politics in the
emergency of 1933 and the abdica
tion of Congress of its constitu
tional right to legislate fearlessly
and independently for the people.”
That, of course, is the Republi
can point of view. It is not likely
to be abandoned. War conditions
abroad may materially change the
domestic situation in this country— |
undoubtedly they will do so. Should
this country be drawn into the
conflict, those conditions will be
even more greatly changed. With
out knowing what the future has in
store, it is impossible to predict
just what the issues will be in the
1940 presidential campaign. It is
impossible to say what candidates
will be put forward either by the
Democratic or the Republican par
ty. But that there will be candi
dates named and that there will
be no adjournment of politics seems
certainly assured.
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SEE HOW LITTLE IT COSTS I
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i 8
We, the People
New Dealers See Political Humor
In London's Third-Term Challenge
By JAY FRANKLIN.
Gov. Alfred M. Landon has Introduced a note of pleasant comedy
Into a political picture which was becoming unbearably grim by suggest
ing that President Roosevelt contribute to national unity an announce
ment that he will not seek a "third term” in 1940.
New Dealers were at first inclined to raise their eyebrows when Mr.
Landon—whose national Republican leadership had Just been confirmed
uy me mute xruuse— adjourned
politics” by consulting with Thomas
E. Dewey in New York and then
issuing his third-term statement.
But the initial resentment yielded
to broad grins as the meaning of
, the Landon statement was analyzed.
If they take Mr. Landon's move
seriously, it means that the Repub
^ lican party will not co-operate for
national unity or national defense
“ ' w uiness mr. rtooseveu, nrsi aoaicaies
his national leadership. But with prominent Republicans—including Mr.
Landon himself—already co-operating with Mr. Roosevelt, this explana
tion will not hold water.
There is no move which Mr. Roosevelt could make which would be
better calculated to revive political partisanship and personal Intrigues
than a statement announcing that he considers himself Ineligible to run
in 1940. At present, the assumption is that the continuation of the Euro
pean war will force him to be re-elected. This would be true even if he
were as bad a President as some of his critics believe him to be.
Would Wreck National Unity
Por him to abdicate at this moment would be to spur the political
hopes of every Republican presidential possibility and would lead to des
perate efforts on their part to achieve national prominence at all costs.
At the same time, it would relax the new-found bonds of Democratic
party unity, as rival contenders for the Roosevelt succession used the
national emergency as a means to jockey for advantage. It would pro
mote a dog fight which would render impossible all pretense of national
unity for the next eight months. It is bad enough to have the so-called
neutrality bill converted into a political football on another gamble that
while Roosevelt was right last July he may be wrong this September. With
the Democrats substantially reunited and the Republicans deeply divided
on the neutrality issue, Mr. Landon’s statement is regarded as an ill
timed cry of political fright at the outlook for 1940.
So the New Dealers are inclined to believe Mr. Landon’s attempt to
raise the touchiest personal issue in American politics will make the sub
ject virtually taboo until we have set our national house in order.
Must Face Deepening Crisis
Here is where we must rearrange our mental processes. The ideas,
phrases and emotions of the anti-neutrality bloc were formed during the
decade when the world was moving away from the first World War.
Time fought on the side of those who argued for a return to "normalcy”
and the avoidance of "involvement” in foreign controversies. Now the
world is moving into another great war, which is already raging, and we
must re-educate ourselves to face r
j v. -J v* mviiu.iuij WtiOlVll nuu VI
deepening crisis.
Everybody hopes that we can
escape another entanglement, but
the way to do so in time of a gen
eral war cannot be to continue the
moods of an isolation possibly only
in time of a general peace. The
Republicans tried to cure the de
pression by this sort of political
ii/ith tVio nmc.
perity was just around the comer. This attitude proved to be a cruel
hoax and if they now assert that neutrality is just around the corner they
put themselves in an equally dangerous position of peace-mongering.
For there is no peace, and the men who wrecked the League of Nations
and blocked neutrality legislation last summer have not earned the
right to direct American policy in this present crisis.
Citizenship Won
By V/oman in
U. S. Since June
Mrs. Annie Buffum, 1722 Nine
teenth street N.W., former resident
of the Free City of DanZig and
wife of a State Department official,
today was a new citizen of the
United States, although she has
been in this country only since June
23. Chief Justice Alfred A. Wheat
admitted her at a special hearing
under a provision of the law which
enables wives of Americans in Gov
ernment service or those furthering
American interests abroad to be
come citizens without the customary
residence requirement.
Giving her former nationality as
Danziger, Mrs. Buffum told the
court she was married at Danzig
in November. 1924, to David H.
Buffum, native of Dorchester. Mass.,
and member of the American For
eign Service. She was bom in
Bromberg. Poland.
Mr. Buffum is on temporary duty
at the State Department in con
junction with the repatriation of
American citizens abroad. Until
recently, he was American Consul
at Leipzig, Germany.
Mrs. Buffum told Mrs. Helen T.
McGraw, naturalization cleric in,
District Court, that all her property
is now in Germany. Mr. Buffum's
new assignment has not been an
nounced officially.
As witnesses for the naturaliza
tion proceeding, Mrs. Buffum had
Charles B. Hosmer of Chevy Chase,
Md„ Foreign Service officer, and
Dr. Paul A. Neal of the Public
Health Service.
Headline Folk
And What
They Do
Polish President
Believes Science
Can Save World
By LEMUEL F. PARTON.
The aging President of Poland,
Ignace Moscicki, put an air-con
ditioning system in his old plush
draped baroque
I palace three
9 years ago. A sci
9 entlst, a devout
I believer in the
F benign miracles
[ of the laboratory
: which will some
day transform a
tragically afflict
ed world, he de
vised the system
himself and su
perintended its
I installation. It
turned heavy,
sluggish air into
Moscicki. cool mountain
breezes, cleared out germ-dynasties
of centuries, relieved his asthma and
gave him new energy for his con
tinuing scientific work at the age
of 70.
Perhaps the falling leaves and pos
sibly awareness that we have Just
turned back all the clocks give poign
ancy and sadness to the fate of
this kindly old gentleman, driven
from his country in the upthrust of
the new—or possibly the old—sav
agery of Europe. Not even his fine
intelligence could air-condition Eu
rope against the germs of hatred or
the virus of power politics, or hold
open a corridor through which a
free spirit could pass.
One might write off Josef Beck
and Marshal Edward Smigly-Rydz,
political and military careerists, also
exiled, as incidental casualties,
caught in the backwash of-their own
ambitions. President Moscicki, al
though merely a symbol in feudal
Poland, may find a place in the later
balance brought forward. If there is
to be a new' Dark Age. it may be that
laboratories will be the monastries
which will be the havens of the
humane spirit and the aspiring in
telligence. as were the monastic ref
ugees of the Middle Ages. President
Moscicki will transmit a great deal
tr> tVHc Ipcrnrv
He is one of the greatest electro
chemists in Europe, ranked with
the great German. Haber. In the
field of synthetic chemistry he holds
about 300 patents. He was a col
lege professor for many years, tall
and thin, with white hair and a
spiked moustache, as convinced as
was Woodrow Wilson that a ‘‘new
freedom” could be gained by the
mobilization of planetary intelli
gence and good will. Much in the
manner of our own distingushed Dr.
Robert Andrews Millikan, he ac
claimed the ultimate triumph of
science over hate and stupidity. To
date the good genii which they
have summoned are enslaved by men
of lesser understanding.
Eagle-beaked old Marshal Pilsud
ski, realizing that Prof. Moscicki's
work-in rebuilding Poland rated rec
ognition. put him away in the presi
dency and forgot him. He didn’t
seem to mind, because this enforced
obscurity gave him plenty of time
for his scientific work. Which is
perhaps just as well, stacking up
his achievements against those of
the power men in the post-war pe
riod.
(Released by Consolidated Neva Features.)
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