Evening star. [volume], October 04, 1939, Page A-6, Image 6

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
German Submarine Campaign
Far Below 1917-18 Peak
Hitler Must at Least Triple Force He Had
At Outbreak of War, Naval Authorities Hold
By JOSEPH S. EDGERTON.
The German submarine cam
paign, already playing havoc with
the world's shipping, although far
more advanced than at the start
of the World War, has attained
less than a third of the scale of
the U-boat campaign of late 1917
and 1918, according to estimates
received here.
When hostilities against France
and Great Britain started a month
ago Nazi Germany had a total of
between 50 and 60 submarines com
pleted, according to the most re
liable estimates available, and is
credited with having had 27 of
these submarines at sea.
Reports shortly before the out
break of the war credited Germany
with 50 completed submarines and
21 in various stages of construction.
At the start of the World War in
1914, however, the German Navy
had no submarines ready for sea
service, and it was not until the
second month of the war, in Sep
tember, 1914, that her first sub
marine left the shelter of the Kiel
Canal for the high seas, and in
that month only two of them were
sent out.
13 in August, 1915.
After a year of the World War, in
August, 1915, Germany was able to
put a force of only 13 submarines
on sea patrol. She had 23 more at
dock and 9 were building, or a
total of 45 submarines—about 75
per cent of her total at the start
of the present war.
The maxumum number of sub
marines Germany had actually at
sea at any one time during the
World War was 60, in December,
1917. She never again was able to
attain that maximum and was able
to do so then only by a process of
great mechanical efficiency, since
with 60 U-boats at sea she had
only 17 at dock and 57 in the sub
marine works, or a total of 135 sub
mersibles.
The German Admiral von Ca
pv , uoiujuif, uriuic tuc xvtivuo*
tag “War Failures" Committee in
1919, said that the total number of
German submarines built, building
and projected during the World War
up to November 11, 1918, was 810.
Another listing shows 811, includ
ing a U-cruiser, K-44, of which no
details are known and which ap
parently played no part in the w'ar.
Original Design Improved.
The 810 submarines in Admiral
Ton Capelle's list includes 276 of
the famous U-boats, 1 UA-boat, 249
UB-boats, 192 UC-boats and 92
UF-boats. The UA model apparent
ly was not successful, but all of the
others represented improvements of
the original U-boat design.
The same records show that the
Germans actualy built 390 sub
marines, including 19 which were
completed after the armistice for
surrender to the allies under terms
of the peace treaty. There were at
the close of the war 207 subma
rines building and projected and
212 more merely projected. This
list excludes the U-42, “which never
was a German warship.” This is
believed to be the cargo submarine
Deutschland, which visited Ameri
can ports prior to our entrance into
the w’ar.
World War records show that
German submarines met the fol
lowing fates; Lost in the war, 178;
surrendered to the allies, 176; scut
tled by their crews to avoid cap
ture, 14; ceded to other govern
ments, 5; lost en route to surren
der, 7: interned and not surren
dered, 2; broken up in Germany, 8;
total, 390.
UtUlICO liUUCU OUU TTAIUII Cl
War losses of German submarines
were distributed through the war
as follows: During 1914, 5; 1915, 19;
1916, 22; 1917, 63, and 1918, 69. The
rising crescendo of allied victories
over German submarines Anally sc
broke down the morale of the U
boat crews that toward the close
of hostilities there were reports ol
mutinies by crews which refused to
put to sea again, the wave of mutiny
eventually spreading to other units
of the Aeet.
German submarines were com
pleted and placed in commission
during the war sis follows: During
1914, 11; 1915, 52; 1916, 108; 1917,
87, and 1918, 85. The 1918 total,
however, included 32 commissioned
during November and December,
many of them after the armistice.
The German submarine building
project, had the war continued,
called for construction during 1919
of up to 30 submarines per month,
or one a day, according to official
testimony.
One-Third of Fleet Effective.
World War experience showed
that it was possible over a long
period to keep only one-third of a
submarine force actually in opera
| tion at sea. Approximately one
third of the force always was at
the shore bases undergoing repairs
overhaul or taking on supplies. The
remaining third was en route be
tween shore and sea stations.
If the Germans were able to put
27 submarines on high seas patrol
at the start of the war, therefore
as has been claimed, this represents
an effort which they are not ex
pected to be able to maintain until
they have between 80 and SO sub
marines in commission. If the al
lies have succeeded in sinking 12
German submarines, as is claimed,
they already have made serious in
roads into the Nazi underseas fleet,
therefore, and have made it ex
ceedingly unlikely that the German
submarine campaign can reach any
thing like World War proportions
until the Germans, by building op
erations, not only can replace their
losses, but at least triple the sub
marine force with which they start
ed this war a month ago, in the
opinion of naval authorities.
Mothers of Youths
Organizer for Peace
Bj the Associated Press.
SPRINGFIELD, Mass., Oct. 4 —
Organizing to “protect” 3,000,000
boys between 18 and 21 “who would
have no way of registering their
vote but who probably would have
to fight” in a European war, 300
Springfield mothers yesterday
formed the first chapter of a pro
posed national group—"Mothers of
America’s Sons.”
Mrs. Arthur D. Lynn, elected
president of the group, said:
“We want our boys to live, to
work, to play—not rest in peace on
foreign soil.”
Methodist Parley
Prepares to Dissolve
Conference Setup
Only Resolutions
Remain for Action of
Roanoke Session
By the Associated Press.
ROANOKE, Va., Oct. 4.—Only the
final business of consideration of
resolutions was before the 500 Meth
odist ministers and laymen of the
Baltimore annual conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church South
here today as they prepared to dis
solve the conference in accordance
with plans of the new unified Meth
odist organization.
A majority of the churchmen will
go into the new Virginia Conference,
which will hold its first organiza
tional meeting in Richmond October
16-18.
The memorial and ordination
service of the old Baltimore Con
ference was held last night.
Deacons and elders were elected
yesterday by the conference, which
advanced several ministers on tria
and retired six pastors from activ<
service and placed them on the su
perannuate list.
Ordained deacons by Bishop Wil
liam W. Peele of Richmond, presid
ing bishop, were Quade Roy Arbo
gast, Alleghany; Gillum Claude
Bentley, Flncastle; Edgar Allar
Swann, Remington, and Harry Grif
fith Balthis, Winchester.
Ordained elders by Bishop Peele
were Hugh Lafayette Shiley, Min
nehaha Springs, W. Va.; George
Samuel Lightner, Edinburg; James
Lewis Robertson, Romney, W. Va.;
Carlton Matthai Hands, Mouni
Rainier, Md.; John Rallston Hen
dricks. Middleburg; William Boyc
Bryant, Herndon; James Catletl
Murphy, Frankford, W. Va.; Archie
Dean Kesler, Hedgesville, W. Va.:
Benjamin Ralph Mark, Mount Jack
son; Liscomb Elbert Crowson
Ronceverte. W. Va., and Charles
Austin Michael, Gaithersburg, Md
Passengers may travel 400 miles bj
bus on the new Yunnan-Burms
highway in China for about $3.50
Dies Puts Communists
In Chicago at 4,700
By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Oct. 4.—Chairman
Martin Dies of the House Committee
Investigating Un-American Activ
ities today placed the Communist
party's Chicago membership at
4,700 on the basis of evidence ob
tained here.
The Texas Democrat said investi
gators who raided the Communist
party’s State headquarters ob
tained an analysis of the member
ship, which showed milkmen con
stituted the largest occupational
group, with radio workers, news
papermen, theatrical employes, law
yers and artists following in thai
order.
Chairman Dies said the committee
found evidence that leaders of vari
ous alien groups were in the pay o
foreign powers. He asserted Com
munists in this section had a wide
spread espionage system “whicl
could be turned into a sabotage rlnf
overnight.”
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Commercial Linoleum Co.
1109 9th St. N.W.
Pennsylvania Linoleum Co.
734 9th St. N.W.
AAA Linoleum Co.
3211 Georgia Are. N.W.
Frank Michaelbach
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Clayton B. Long
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Winchester Furniture Co.
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Sears, Roebuck & Co.
911 Bladensburg Rd. N.E.
Wm. E. Miller Furniture Co.
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Simon Shops
3914 14th St. N.W.
Peerless Furniture Co.
819 7th St. N.W.
Hopkins Furniture Co.
123 Main St.
Annapolis, Md.
Jacobson Dept. Store
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Grubb & Kidwell
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Sears, Roebuck & Co.
3132 M St. N.W.
Thompson Furniture Co.
1810 Rhode Island Are. N.E.
Schlossberg Bros.
1013 H St. N.E.
Leventhal’s Dept. Store (
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J. Labovitz
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C. E. Cbne & Son
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Paris Furniture Co.
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The Palais Royal
llth & G St*. N.W.
Sears, Roebuck & Co.
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House & Herrmann
7th & Eya St.. N.W.
Hub Furniture Co.
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luaker City Linoleum Co.
601 F St. N.W.
McCready’s
Annapoli., Md.
Lloyd Slack Furniture
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Potomac Furniture Co.
Brun.wick, Md.
Lansburgh & Bros.
420 7th St. N.W.
Sears, Roebuck & Co.
6847 Wi.c. Are.
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Julius Lansburgh Furniture*
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909 F St. N.W.
National Furniture Co., Inc
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P. J. Nee Company
745 7th St. N.W.
Laurel Furniture Co.
Laurel, Md.
J. S. Whitmore
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Sears, P )ebuck & Co.
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Woodward & Lothrop
10th A 11th A F A G N.W.
Thompson Brothers
1220 Good Hope Rd. S.E.
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Shnlman Dept. Store '
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C. B. Long
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Rockville Paint & Hardware Co.
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Wenders Dept. Store
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