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Congress Aids Labor Cliques Court Confirms Limitations on Bargaining Units By DAVID LAWRENCE. The Supreme Court, in a unani mous opinion, plainly tells the country that management and workers could be enjoying the hap piest and most satisfactory kind o f relationship, and yet, for technical rea sons, the Na tional Labor Re lations Board is virtually com pelled under the Wagner law to disturb such a status. The case in question arose as a result of two efforts in 1936 and 1937 Of the David Lawrencf. employes of the Newport News Ship building & Drydock Co. to conform to the Wagner law. A plan pre viously in existence, which for years had worked well between manage ment and employes, was thought to be subject to the charge of em ployer “domination” for “inter ference” under the Wagner Act. The Supreme Court laconically re cites the record: "It is uncoutradicted that labor disputes have been settled under the plan; that since 1927 no labor dis pute has caused cessation of activi ties at the respondent’s (company’s) plant; that overwhelming majorities of the employes have participated in the election of representatives; that the company has never objected to its employes Joining labor unions; that no discrimination has been practiced against them because of their membership in outside unions, and that neither officials nor su perior employes not eligible to vote in the election of employes’ repre sentatives have interfered or at tempted to interfere or use any in fluence in connection with the elec tion of representatives. "The court below agreed with the respondent (the company) that, as the committee had operated to the apparent satisfaction of the em ployes, as serious labor disputes had not occurred during its existence and as the men at an election held under the auspices of the committee had signified their desire for its continuance, it would be a proper medium and one which the employer might continue to recognize for the adjustment of labor disputes. Law Blocked Solution. “The difficulty with the position Is that the provisions of the statute (the Wagner law) preclude such a disposition of the case. • * • "In applying the statutory test of Independence, it is immaterial that the plan had in fact not engendered, or indeed had obviated, serious labor disputes in the past, or that any company interference in the admin istration of the plan had been inci dental rather than fundamental and with good motives. It was for Con gress to determine whether, as a matter of policy, such a plan should be permitted to continue in force. We think the statute plainly evinces a contrary purpose and that the board's conclusions are in accord with that purpose.’’ But did members of Congress who voted in 1935 for the Wagner law have in mind putting American workers in such a straight jacket that they could not possibly have mutually satisfactory relations with management in their own way? Did any of those who voted for the Wag ner law think it ever could be con strued as it has been in the New port News shipbuilding case? Limits Bargaining Medium. Plainly, the board interpreted the law correctly and it cannot be con tended persuasively now that the board did anything but squeeze out of the law what it saw there—an open favoiitism for national unions and a condemnation of independ ently organized plant unions. In other words, collective bargaining now has been narrowed to mean collective bargaining only by a par ticular medium—national unions— and the workers must necessarily in certain cases place themselves at the mercy of labor cliques and labor leaders who really do not represent the wishes of the workers at all. The board, therefore, is immune from attack in construing the law, for the Supreme Court now has affirmed the board’s view. Congress ajone, as the representative of the workers and management of the country, has the problem of deciding whether a strait jacket must be con tinue to be Imposed hereafter or real freedom of choice permitted. Just as the prohibition problem became in 1932 not a question of temperance or moderateness in drinking, but a crime condition growing out of bootlegging, so that the country finally repealed the 18th amendment, so today the Wag ner law is headed for a reaction. With all its beneficent purposes, the labor relations law has been twisted by its friends into a statute which denies Instead of encourages collective bargaining and true free dom of choice of the workers. (Reproduction Rlshts Reserved.) Dr. J. R. Carr Lectures On Christian Science Last night in the Third Church of Christ, Scientist, Dr. John R. Carr of the Christian Science Board of Lectureship spoke on “The Sci ence of Christian Healing.” Excerpts from his lecture follow: "Christian Science, with its sci entifically Christian system of mind healing as taught and practiced originally by Christ Jesus and in this age by Mary Baker Eddy, is a subject of supreme importance and profound significance to the whole world.” “Christian Science is a science, a philosophy and a religion, a three fold mode of thought whereby truth comes to the understanding. Through Christian Science thought is repented, reformed, regenerated, purified and spiritualized—the hu man yielding to the divine, and through baptism or the submergence of the human in the divine con sciousness is exalted to the high level of spiritual understanding.” "This science offers to a sick and sinning world a system of healing which is scientific, Christian, abso lute, exact, full and final; a system which, when applied according to the science stated in ‘Science and Health With Key to the Scriptures,' by Mary Baker Eddy, has healed, is healing and will continue to heal in an ever-increasing manner every ill ‘that flesh is heir to.’ ” “The principle, rule and proof of this Christianly scientific system of medicine are set forth in the writ ings of Mrs. Eddy, which, together with the King James version of the Bible, form the texts of Christian Science. Christian Science healing is a system of therapeutics identical with that taught and practiced by Christ Jesus.” “Health is a spiritually mental state, not a physiological nor. an anatomical one. Healing is a meta physical or divinely mental process, not a physical nor a pathological one." The Capital Parade President Reported Considering Tax Boost Plea, But May Abandon Idea to Keep Party Amity By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. The next act of the annual tax comedy has downright cataclysmic possibilities. It is learned on positive authority that the President Is now favorably considering recommending severe tax increases to the next session of Congress. If he lets the wish be father to the act, he will ask for excess corporate profit taxes, higher personal income taxes in the middle brackets, and minor revisions in the tax system to plug loopholes. It is still an open question, however, whether the President will run the risk of obeying his impulse. What he wants need be in doubt no XUIXgCI . cut IAJ UU WilOW he must ignore the wishes of A\ certain of the most influential congressional tax leaders, and prob ably even destroy his new accord tlX with the conservative Democrats. It is a distinct possibility that this last and largest consideration will per suade him to hold his hand. ^,1 The Treasury position has not -fjf always been entirely plain. After playing with the idea of a tax program limited to removal of needless irritants to business, the Treasury briefly decided to ask for no program of any sort. Secretary Henry Morgenthau, jr., did not feel strongly in the matter, however, and was open-minded to the social usefulness of taxes on munitions profits. Thus, he will probably be ready to go along with the President. Taxes for Defense The Treasury is no longer talking about taxes. But, since the Presi dent has openly stated his tax plans to others in his entourage, it seems virtually certain that he has also confided them to Secretary Morgenthau and his staff. The President is understood to have made ud his mind at a rather recent date. but. if not before, he had the chance to talk to Morgenthau at their regular lunch together on Monday. Tax ideas similar to the President’s have lately been mentioned by several others. Only a few days after the outbreak of the war. when the business boom was just declaring itself, members of the New Deal group discussed what they called "war profits taxes" among themselves. Later their interest cooled, but it has now revived again Meanwhile, Chairman Marriner S. Eccles of the Federal Reserve Board, the Treasury's ancient enemy, also spoke out for tax increases. And, at Warm Springs, the President himself announced that “the people must decide" whether to borrow or tax for national defense. His present state of mind may be taken as a crystallization of the mental atmosphere in which the Warm Springs announcement originated. Whips and Scorpions The pattern of 1936 deserves to be recalled. That year, the President was firmly economizing, in order to present a better budgetary nicture to the electorate. His conservative critics made fun of his economies, whereat he answered them, “Very well, if you want a balanced budget. I will give it to you with whips and scorpions." The result was the cele brated undistributed surplus tax now no more. Exactly the same pattern has lately been repeated, and. one must suppose, is having thfc same result. As the President has only got as far as wanting new taxes, their exact (nature cannot oe specinea oeyona the broad categories already men tioned. The excess corporate profits a tax, if presented at all, will probably be offered as a tax on wartime profits. Higher personal income taxes in the middle brackets—from i around $10,000 tp $50,000 annually— - are an old scheme contained in the Roswell Magill tax memorandum, which has been kicking round the ^—— -- a a vnoui j aui iiwu jcaio. n oouipic loophole-plugging revision is one which would not permit the basic per sonal exemptions to be applied in calculating surtaxes. Politically speaking, the President's interest in new taxes must be taken as a trend back toward the recently forsaken New Deal group of advisers. Conversely, it is also a trend away from the conservative Democrats. Anything like a repetition of the undistributed surplus tax row would split the Democratic party from nave to chops. Conservative Democrats are all for taxation, but not for taxation of the sort the President wants. To repeat, this consideration may still move the President to keep his tax plans in the small class of his suppressed desires. (Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) Hazen to Speak Saturday At Sousa Bridge Rites District Commissioner Melvin C. i Hazen will deliver the principal ad dress at the dedication ceremonies opening the first half of the John Philip Sousa Bridge over the Ana costia River Saturday at 2:30 p.m. Other District officials and civic leaders anil participate in the brief ceremonies. The United States Ma rine Band, of which Sousa long was the leader, will play. Capt. H. C. Whitehurst, director of highways, will present the bridge, which will be accepted by Col. David McCoach, jr., Engineer Commis sioner. Others to take part include Adel bert W. Lee. genera! chairman of the Dedication Committee; William A. Maio, president of the Southeast Citizens’ Association; Orrin J. Davy, president of the Southeast Confer ence of Citizens’ Associations, and Arthur J. Shaffer, president of the Southeast Business Men's Associa tion. Nancy Lee, 9-year-old daughter of the dedication chairman, will cut a ribbon officially opening the struc tuat. Invocation and benediction will be by the Rev. Edward Gabler, pastor of Christ Episcopal Church. There will be a salute to Sousa by Boy Scouts, with taps directed to ward Sousa’s grave in Congres sional Cemetery. Health Group to Meet The Health Committee of the First Ward Neighborhood Council will meet at 3:30 p.m. Friday in the Boys’ Club of Goodwill Industries, 1218 New Hampshire avenue N.W. Camels bum SLOWER AND YOU BN JOY s KM'mi f*| «4 V*\ UUMH 0 In recent laboratory teats, CAMELS burned 25% slower thaw the average of the 15 other of the largest-selling brands tested —slower than any of them. That means, on the average, a smoking plus equal to 5 EXTRA SMOKES PER PACK1 FAST BURN* I INS-create* I hot flat taate in I amoke... rnina ' delicate flavor, aroma... SLOW BURNING —protect* natural qualities that mean mildnts*. thrilling tatt*. fragrant* ... a cooler amok*... J , Dewey Talk of Major Import Address Tonight May Give Clue To His Political Philosophy By CHARLES G. ROSS. District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey of New York, whose candi dacy for the Republican nomination for President was formally an nounced last week, will make a speech tonight at Minneapolis in which he will start disclosing his views on na tional issues. Because of Mr. Dewey’s forward position in the presidential race the event will be of first-rate po litical impor tance. The speech will neither ch»n*. g. ko»». make nor break Mr. Dewey as a candidate, but, besides expressing his opinions on a few concrete top ics, it should give a good general idea of the philosophy that will shape his later addresses. One thing is certain: It will be the re sult. of the most painstaking prepa ration. So well aware was Mr. Dewey of the importance of a 15-minute speech he made at a Gridiron Club dinner a year ago that he spent, so he told a friend, many hours in writing, polishing and rehearsing it. The speech made such a fine impression on the audience of writ ers, politicians, business and pro fessional men (an assembly, it should be added, predominantly from the upper income brackets) that Mr. Dewey must have felt him self well repaid for his labors. By contrast, a speech delivered at a Gridiron affair a few months later by another presidential aspirant, Senator Taft, fell painfully flat. Mr. Dewey heard this speech and no doubt again congratulated himself on the pains he had taken with his own. Others in the audience, felici tated Mr. Dewey on the speech by Mr. Taft, and some went so far as to say that Mr. Taft had talked himself out of the nomination. This, of course, was grossly to over estimate the Warwickian powers of the guests, however Influential, at the dinners of the Gridiron Club. It is to be noted that Mr. Taft has gone right on talking, both in the Senate and on the stump, just as if his unfortunate effort of last spring had never been. Candor Appealing. Whether you agree with Mr. Taft or not, there is something appealing i in his candor and forthrightness. He ! has "stuck his neck out,-’ as the saying goes, on every Issue that has come before the Senate, where an other man trying for the presidency —a Harding, say—would have been politically more circumspect. He is no polished orator—no Roosevelt in his use of words and tones—but he is a much better speaker than his Gridiron Club remarks may have indicated. Also not only has Mr. Taft been speaking over the country, but his agents have been engaged in the practical business of rounding up delegates. He’s set to give Mr. Dewey, and Senator Vandenberg as well, a race. To return to Dewey, his speech of tonight, one can be sure, will have been thought out to the last word and syllable. Many days will have gone into its making. Tor Mr. Dewey, whose fight on racketeering has caught the imagination of the people and paved the way for a sympathetic hearing of his claims to preferment, faces now a supreme test. Is he something more than a highly successful prosecutor? Has he the maturity of mind that a President should have? What are the great issues as he sees them? To what extent would he discard the work of the New Deal and to what extend build upon it? How, concretely, would he attack the problem of putting the unemployed back to work? How would he deal with relief? What does he think of spending for public works? Of budget balancing? Of pensions? What does he propose to do for the farmers? What, in his view, should be the foreign policy of the United States in the light of the present desperate state of world affairs? Mr. Dewey cannot be expected to answer all these questions of policy tonight, but he will have to face them all, and more, in the course of the campaign. Views on Foreign Affairs. Advance notices indicate that he will devote a portion of his speech to foreign affairs. In this field it will be possible to compare his views, immediately, with those of his two principal opponents for the Repub lican nomination, for they are both on record. Senator Vandenberg joined the isolationist group and helped to lead the losing fight against repeal of the arms embargo in the last session of Congress. Senator Taft, break ing with most of his Republican colleagues of the House and Senate, branded the arms embargo as wholly illogical and voted with the admin istration forces for repeal. Both of them sought to protect the peace of the United States, but they dif fered sharply as to the right meth ods to that end. Senator Taft, ad vocating a greater degree of discre tion for the President in the conduct of foreign affairs than most of the Republicans were willing to allow, declared it was important that the Republican party should not cry “Wolf!” until a wolf appeared. It will be especially interesting at this time to see where Mr. Dewey s thinking on foreign affairs has led him. Japanese General Threatened Hara-kiri in Wu Pei-fu's Home By the Associated Pres*. PEIPING, Dec. 6—The death of Marshal Wu Pel-fu was preceded by a fantastic Oriental intrigue in which the retired warlord drove a Japanese general to the threat of hara-kari by stubbornly refusing to help form a Japanese-controlled government for China, a highly reliable source declared today. Wu, known in his active years as "the only honest warlord in China,” VAnHflV An frnntV* A ■ — ■ — was announced as the cause of death. * The following story, related by a source close to him, is substantiated in many details by Japanese .Army sources: Several months ago, the Japanese Army assigned Maj. Gen. Kawa moto to the sole mission of persuad ing Wu Pei-fu to participate in, or at least to support, a Japanese sponsored government for China. Became Disciple of Wu. Kawamoto is a pupil and subordi nate of Japan's ace secret agent, Lt. Gen. Kenji Doihara, who previously had tried to win Wu’s aid, but had succeeded only in buying off various marshals of the Wu retinue. Wu, for the past dozen years, had devoted himself to a study of the Buddhist classics, and, In an effort to ingratiate himself, Kawamoto became a disciple of Wu in the study of Buddhism. Wu's answer re mained an adamant “no.” Wu previously repeatedly had stalled off the Japanese by last minute maneuvers and by present ing exorbitant terms for his aid. Three weeks ago, Kawamoto re turned to Peiping from conferences in Japan and Shanghai and in formed Wu the Japanese government and its Chinese collaborator, Wang Ching-wei, were ready to accept Wu’s demands. These were that Wo would head the proposed government, that he must have his own sphere of in fluence in Peiping .or Nanking, and that he must be accorded real mili tary and political powers. Threatened Hara-kiri. When Wu continued to temporize. Kawamoto told him he (Kawamoto) had lost enough "face” already, and that unless Wu acted Immediately he Intended to commit hara-kari In Wu's home. Wu said he must consult his god before giving a final answer. He ac cordingly ascended a sacred plat form in his home, as he was accus tomed to do twice weekly, and there knelt befored an image of Buddha and asked divine guidance in draw- j ing his answer from a series of spe- j cially-prepared lots. It was said the altar attendants.1 in the pay of the Japanese, had stacked the lots. At any rate, Wu drew a reply which advised: * “Emerge and save your people; otherwise you might meet unex pected mishaps.” Kawamoto and many prominent Chinese witnessed the ceremony, but Wu, in obvious anger, ignored them. Striking a table with his fist, he shouted, “Not only men compel me, but god also!” That was 13 days ago. One day later, Wu contracted “a political illness” and refused to see Kawamoto. Two days later, he was reported ; stricken with a tooth Infection, and last Monday he died. When Wu became ill, Kawamoto also was reported officially to have entered a hospital, by coincidence or perhaps as a result of his failure to i lure the old marshal from retire- j ment. He arose, however, in time to j be at Wu's bedside when death came. Wu's long refusal to assist the Japanese, sealed now by his death, was admittedly a complicating fac- , tor in the Japanese program. Wang Ching-wei, one-time Chi nese Republican premier, frequently has been mentioned as the probable top figure in the government which Japan hopes to establish, but in formed persons believe the Japanese Army of North China is cool toward him. Hence, Wu's aid was much *ought. We, the People Double Significance Seen in Norris' View Roosevelt Should Delay Third-Term Statement By JAT FRANKLIN. Behind George Norris’ third-term statement of December 4 lies a remarkable story. The story is one of machine politicians in both parties trying to force Mr. Roosevelt to commit himself one way or the other on his presidential candidacy for 1940, without regard for the welfare of the country or the will of the voters. m Gamer and McNutt on the Democratic side and the host of would-be Hardings on the G. O. P. side have been trying to force the issue. For example, me uecemoer 3 issue 01 the Washington Post ran a signed story, stating that “President Roose velt is expected to disavow any per ' sonal aspirations for a third term within a reasonable period. But for reasons of his own, such statement Is not looked for from him in ad vance of the Jackson Day dinner on January 8.” , Prom another angle, the third term pressure is growing among the practical politicians oi tna ueirocrawc party, nuup w. rorter, uie pouu cal reporter of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, commenting on the recent McNutt rally in Cuyahoga County, remarked: ‘‘The only guy who can do anything at all for the State and county ticket up here would be Roose velt, if he should run for a third term. The local Democrats, split wide open with factional rivalry for more than a year, have awful visions of the Republicans sweeping the presidential election next fall against any one but Roosevelt.” The Independent Voter But the independent voter is the man who decides American elections, and until he is heard from there is little sense in political thimble-rigging for the benefit of either set of machine politicians. His only recognized national spokesman is Senator George W Norris of Nebraska, the grand old man of progressivism and the outstanding disinterested figure in our public life. For some months the New Dealers have beer, hoping that Mr. Norris would come out for a third term. He had written a letter last summer to Senator Pepper of Florida, which they had wished to publicize, but the outbreak of the European war intervened, and when the third-term issue revived last month, the situation had changed. In any case, the Norris letter to Pepper was too long for effective newspaper use.. Then, as the pressure on the President became powerful and almost indecent in its dis regard for the political confusion which would follow a final commitment by Mr. Roosevelt, the New Dealers urged Senator Norris to issue a new statement. Norris Willing They particularly wanted to forestall another announcement of Vice President Gamer’s candidacy, rendered probable by the failure of the Garner ‘'boom” to set Texas on fire. Mr. Norris was willing and Issued a statement which is calculated to remind the politicians that the men who decide elections—the independent liberals and progressives—see no need to hurry the President into making a premature decision on this vital national issue. ‘‘It would be a sad mistake if President Roosevelt acceded .to these demands (that he announce himself on the 1940 election),” said Senator Norris. “Today, President Roosevelt is the ideal leader of the common man. He represents the hopes and prayers of millions of progressive people. XiirlC id UU UUlCi UftUIC tlic political horizon under whose ban ner there can be such unanimity of honest, progressive, patriotic citi zens. • • • “At this critical time, Mr. ^ Roosevelt should not eliminate him- H self from the contest. It is a ques tion much greater and broader than his personal wishes. • • * No man can tell what may happen in the next several montns. but until the clouds of doubt and obscurity are cleared away, he should remain in a position where, if the patriotic spirit of the country demands it, he can still be the leader of the liberal progressive thought of the Nation. The welfare of our common country is far more important than the wishes or ambitions of any man or group of men.” This Norris statement has a double significance. It represents the independent vote which decides national elections. It also represents the considered belief of the White House group of New Deal administrators. (Distributed by tha North American Newspaper Alliance. Inc ) w If you want beautiful living room walls decorate with Texolite. 922 N. Y. Ava.Na. 8610 Headline Folk And What They Do Relief Troubles Beset Gov. Bricker of Ohio, 1940 Aspirant By LEMUEL F. PARTON. In 1935, relief troubles boiled over In Ohio and brought threats of im peachment of Gov. Davey by At torney General John W. Bricker. • The row was said to have damaged the State and na tional Demo cratic organiza tions consider ably. Last year, Mr. Bricker was elected the first Republican gov ernor of Ohio In eight years and is now having even worse re lief troubles _ _ ,. than his prede Gor. Bricker. cessor. The press reports a desperate and dangerous situation in Cleveland, with 16.000 persons without food in unheated homes, as relief is cut off. Through a long spyglass, without close-up information, Gov. Bricker would seem to be caught in one of those “rotten borough" dead-ends, which the late Dr. Paul Goode of the University of Chicago once said were the worst menace of tha American political system. Gov. Bricker, farm-born and reared and deriving his support from rural dis tricts. was elected by the vote of 77 out of Ohio’s 88 counties. The rural districts have regarded big city relief as an organized po litical racket, this being particularly emphasized in a national airing of the issue last May, and Mr. Bricker’a gubernatorial build-up was based partly on his assault on the big town relief set-up. He now has a surplus of $6,000,000 for relief uses and all indications are that it would be political suicide for him to use it. Cleveland is ham-strung, relief clients are cold and hungry, the Legislature does not meet until Jan uary 1, and all observers agree that there is small hope of its voting ad ditional funds. The unreconstruct ed rural districts, holding their power through the national custom of refusing to reapportion electoral districts, are expected to block any legislative action. If there is "social dynamite" on Cleveland's doorstep, the farm districts are saying, in effect, “It’s your dynamite,” and letting it go at that. Interest accrues in view of Gov. Broker's recent advance toward the 1940 Republican nomination. When he trimmed the tree-man, Mr. Davey, last year, on a platform of pruning grafters and loafers from the public pay roll, he acquired political momentum which has been augmented by a powerful organiza tion and which has been making him a national figure. Forty-five years old, handsome and engaging, with wavy, prematurely gray hair worn somewhat en brosse, solid and substantial and farm-reared, he has decided electoral appeal. In 1932 and 1934. he was elected attorney general of Ohio against heavy Dem ocratic landslides. Previously, he had been attorney for the Ohio Public Utilities Commission. He is married and has one son. (Released by Consolidated News Features.) One-Cent Rebate CHARLOTTE, N. C . Dec. 6 (JP).— Duke Power Co., Charlotte's largest taxpayer, sent the city $60,428.06 for taxes. The city sent back to the utility a 1-cent rebate, the smallest paid. 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