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Wage Law Held Costly To Workers Seen as Obstacle To Creators of Jobs; Inquiry Forecast By DAVID LAWRENCE. An inquiry of transcendent im portance began today—the investi gation of the labor board and th< Wagner Act by a special committee of the House of Kepresent atives—but it is only one of a number of sur veys that may be started soon by Congress to ex pose to view the actual operation of various so called reform laws. With the pub lic debt growing larger and larger and unemploy- ' ment rolls being David Lawrence, diminished only slightly, the big question before the country is what are the obstacles to employment and who is interfering with the men in America who create jobs. A striking instance of job preven tion came to this correspondent over the week end. An employer whose plants employ in the neighborhood of 50.000 men was talking about the pre-Christmas rush for his product and he sc id he wished he could have worked his plants on two successive Saturdays before Christmas. He has the 5-day week and if he works his men on Saturdays he must pay time and a half for every hour. He said that even the time and a half pro vision was not a preventive where it concerned manual labor, but when he came to figure out what it would cost him to pay time and a half for his office force of several thou sand persons, the total cost was prohibitive. SI.300.000 Pay Roll. Thus approximately $1,300,000 of pay roll was taken away from the manual employes by a Federal law which made impossible the exten sion for only two days of a manu facturing operation that would have created job hours for thousands of people. This correspondent inquired whether the situation would have been better under an amendment to the Federal wage and hour law which was killed by the C. I. O. at the last session of Congress and which provided that all employes with sal aries of $200 a month or over should be exempted from the provisions of the law. The answer was that 80 per cent of the office staff received salaries in excess of $200 a month and that if such a provision had been incorporated in the law last year, the company would have found it economically possible to work the plants in the two days in question. There are other instances through out the country in which employ ment is actually being retarded and the creation of jobs prevented be cause of the provisions of the wage and hour law. There is little com plaint about the minimum w'age pro visions, but the arbitrary imposition of a time and a half clause for over time, blanketing all industries and all conditions without regard to sea sonal problems, especially in the handling of piece workers, is work ing to the detriment of American labor. A congressional investigation of the operations of the wage and hour law would doubtless reveal many in equities which have interfered with business expansion but about which the public as a whole has little knowledge. The mere fact that the C. I. O. could successfully lobby against the $200-a-month provision indicates that even members of Congress are aware of the way in which the wage and hour law is hurting the workers of the country by keeping them from getting extra work. Law Prevents Volunteers. There are many white collar workers who receive vacation with pay and sick leave ancj, other bene fits and who do not really mind working a few' hours extra now and then, especially when it is the means of creating work for their fellow men who are less fortunate in in come. But the existing law prevents an office worker from volunteering his services. The statute is a strait jacket which deprives the individual of his right to contribute his services for a few extra hours A week if he bo desires. The investigation of the labor board and the labor act has come after three years of agitation and complaints with respect to the operations of the Wagner Act. The wage and hour law is only a little more than a year old but already it is apparent that an adamant posi tion is being taken against any amendments, and the administration which at first supported some amendments has apparently lost interest in them and there are no Indications that any fight will be made to get them adopted. The history of legislation in America reveals that when an un compromising position is taken by the sponsors of a law' and when after actual operation it is revealed to be unfair, the clamor for revision grows more and more intense until finally a public sentiment for com plete repeal develops and many of the worth while features of a reform law' are swept into the discard on a tide of public resentment. The wage and hour law' had many friends when it was passed but it is beginning to lose them in accord ance as the administrators of the law' and the sponsors in Congress refuse to put the full weight of their support behind changes which have been found necessary so as to | help increase employment in America. Some day there will be a congres ; sional inquiry devoted to one subject —who are the selfish individuals at the head of selfish organizations in America who keep re-employment from being realized and business 1 from being expanded so that tax : receipts sufficient to balance the budget can be collected? It would ; be an inquiry of inquires. U. S. Surgeons Discover New Skin Disease By the Associated Press. Discovery of a skin disease, over looked in the past because of re semblance to pellagra and beri-beri. was reported yesterday by two United States Public Health Serv ice officials. Dr. W. H. Sebrell and Dr. R. E. Butler said the disease, which they called “ariboflavinosis,” caused a breakdown of the skin about the nose and mouth and deep cracks in the skin of the face. Experiments by the surgeons | showed the disease was caused by . deficiency of vitamin B-2. or ribofla vin. Administration of synthetic riboflavin cleared up the skin dis order in about a month, the physi cians said. Dieting Spoils Temper Of Hippopotamus By the Associated Press. KANSAS CITY, Dec. 11.—Cleo, the hippopotamus, lost only 5 pounds in 10 days of dieting, so she’s going back on full rations. The diet spoiled her temper, too. “We'd rather see Cleo playing in the water and wiggling her ears at us than have her temperamental as an opera singer,” said Tex Clark, Swope Park Zoo director. “I didn't suppose she would take | the diet so seriously. It showed me 1 nature intended her to be fat—and fat she’s going to be.” Mr. Clark started the diet for fear excessive fat would shorten Cleo's life. She's 14 and he predicted that, streamlined, she'd live to be 40 or thereabouts. Health Insurance Bill Drafted by Conferees Bv the Associated Press. NEW YORK, Dec. 11— A health insurance bill, intended for Slate legislatures and providing medical and dental benefits to lower-income j famjlies, has been drafted by repre sentatives of Government agencies, physicians, unions and civic groups meeting under the auspices of the American Association for Social Se curity. The service would be financed by employers, employes and the State with tax contributions based on a sliding scale. A stamp plan is in cluded to eliminate voluminous re ports. Parallel legislation calling for Federal grants-in-aid for health in- ! surance also was planned by the conferees. The intended legislation would limit the benefits to persons earn ing less than $1,500 or $2,000 a year, and their families. Among those at the meeting were Prof. J. Douglas Brown of Prince ton University, chairman of the Federal Advisory Council on Social Security; Dr. Louis S. Reed of the United States Public Health Serv ice, Barker S. Sanders and Mari anne Sakmann of the Social Se curity Board. The Capital Parade Garner Tells Friends He'll Quit Politics if He Is Not Nominated By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. John Nance Garner is telling his friends that, If he is not nominated for the presidency, he is through with politics. He will retire to his Uvalde squirearchate, there to cultivate his acres, hunt for Texas deer and angle for Texas fish after the manner of a lusty Cincinnatus. Meanwhile, he is a candidate for keeps. Such is the final stage of the Garner candi dacy, which has gone through a curious transformation. The shrewd, uiu vitc x-iesiueni unaouoiecuy entered the race with the sole inten tion of accumulating enough dele gates to have a powerful say in the • Democratic National Convention. His mind was slowly changed by ' «-> evidence of unsuspected Garner sentiment in Democratic organizations all over the country. Now a huge, well-heeled headquarters at Dallas is running his campaign, and early in January, when he will go through the formal ceremony of public disclosure of his ambition, he will be talking in earnest. Furthermore, word comes from circles extremely close to the White House that the President himself regards Garner as the only conserva tive Democrat w:ith a serious chance to capture the party nomination. For the New Deal group, intent on their third-term plans, the firmly anti third-term Garner is public threat No. 1. Back to Normalcy All this is perfectly sensible. It is pretty clear by now that, unless the President intervenes. Jack Garner and his good friend, Jim Farley, will control the Democratic Convention between them. They will have the j delegates. The Garner candidacy is customarily minimized, because it is said, quite correctly, that the Negros and organized labor do not love him. But. if the Negros and organized labor are unenthusiastic. Garner has an immense compensating following among normally Republican voters charmed by the impressive Garner build-up in the newspapers. Many Republican leaders are finding disquieting truth in the White House gibe, that "Jack Garner is the best Republican candidate we have.” Moreover, Garner is a colorful as well as a potent political personality. He authentically has the kind of rich regional flavor that Calvin Coolidge used for scenery. His speech would be admirable dialogue for a "Down East” of the cattle country. When he wants to tell the President to let business alone, he says that the cattle ought to be allowed to rest and take on fat instead of being "choused” around. Or, if he wants to boast of his own fitness to walk 12 miles a day, he declares, “My legs are so hard that, if a deer hunter took a pot-shot at me, the bullet would bounce right off.” These echoes of an earlier America strike just the right engaging note for a man who is essentially a “back to normalcy” candidate. Of such stuff are political assets made. Head-on Clash In fact. Garner w-ould be an excellent bet if it were not for the I President. The Garner forces take the line that, so long as Garner is ■ ready to support any Democrat the convention chooses, the President i sr.c*. yy- Vv should be willing to do the same. But A . *dK the President plainly is not willing ,* i 'W to do anything of the sort. 1 ' • Outw-ardly, amiable relations .gj ‘•jy * have been maintained between tiie dent somewhat unwillingly gave Garner a free hand in managing re vision of the Neutrality Act. In earlier days, Garner steered much New’ Deal legislation to passage, in _ eluding, it is worth remembering, the first great, $4,800,000,000 spending bill. But Garner's interludes of independence have gravely offended Roosevelt. The offense does not find expression in personal criticism, but in suggestions that Garner is reac tionary in his associations. Currently, the White House is making much of Garner s backing. E. B. Germany, Garner's campaign manager, is a leading Texas oil man. Roy Miller, a powerful backer, is vice president of Texas Gulf Sulphur Corp., and W H. Clark, jr., another backer, belongs to a rich business law firm. Men like these, say the White House crowd, are not fit sponsors for the successor of Franklin Roosevelt. These inti mations are chiefly important as symptoms of a White House attitude, i Sooner or later, this attitude and Garner's political power are going to , come in conflict. Then there will be fireworks. (Released by North American Newspaper Alliance. Inc.) CTHE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of Questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s. Synthetic Candidates Term Wrongly Applied to McNutt Unless Many Others Are Included By CHARLES G. ROSS. This column holds no brief for Paul V. McNutt—or any other can didate—but at least one of the dis paraging adjectives that are being t.hrftom him by his oppo nents ought to be discarded. It is said that the security admin istrator's candi dacy is wholly “synthetic,” the implication be ing always that the candidacy of the particular Whoozis whom the critic pre fers is some + i v» rr ontirolir different — the ch»r1** G- B®ss product of a great popular demand. In the sense in which the word is applied to the aspirations of Mr. McNutt, it means, the dictionary says, “not genuine, artificial, facti tious.” That is the meaning that the public learned to attach to it in the days of bathtub gin. Mr. McNutt’s candidacy, granted, Is synthetic. It is something that is being assiduously built up by him and his friends in Washington and the State of Indiana. There is no swelling national cry for the serv ices of Mr. McNutt as President. Biit wherein does the campaign, for Mr. McNutt, in this respect, differ so greatly from the booms that are being nourished on be half of the other candidates? Unless it may be said that the third-term efforts represents a surge of popular sentiment for the renomination of Mr. Roosevelt (and this is a question that only time can answer;, where is the man, on either side, who has inspired such a public clamor for his election as President that the candidacy of Mr. McNutt, by contrast, can be dis missed as synthetic? No Clarion Call From Public. The answer is that neither among the Democrats nor the Republicans is there any such candidate—a fact which accounts for the uncertain state of affairs on both sides and the third-term movement on the Democratic. Mr. Garner, Mr. Hull. Mr. Far ley, Senator Wheeler. Gov. Stark are all worthy men. all eminently entitled on their records to aspire to the presidency, but no clarion call comes from the public for any one of them. Tire candidacies, ac tual or potential, of all these gentle men are little if any less synthetic than that of Mr. McNutt, Among the Republicans the same condition exists, with respect to Senator Vandenberg, Senator Taft, Mr. Dewey, Gov. Bricker and all the rest, None of them is a standout, Of none can it be said that he is the genuine, blown-in-the-bottle article demanded by the public in place of something artificial and factitious. It is not to cry down any of the men who have been named to say that their claims are all very largely of the same synthetic quality that has been derided in the case of Mr. McNutt. The truth is that this quality, at least in the beginning, has attached to the candidacy of nearly every successful aspirant to the presidential nomination of either party in recent times. Go back to 1920. If there was ever any built-up candidate for whom there was no popular clamor it was Harding, the choice of a little coterie of Republican moguls in the famous smoke-filled room at Chi cago. The winning race for the nomination on the other side, by Gov. Cox, had a similar artificial flavor. An exception must be made in the case of Coolidge in 1924. He had 1 of ugly spots aided with the cleans ing efficient Resinol treatment had his buildup earlier. The nomi nation of John W. Davis by the Democrats in 1924 was another case in point; such public demand as existed in the Democratic rank and file that year was for the two men, A1 Smith and McAdoo, who killed each other off. A1 Smith an Exception. Mr. Smith’s candidacy in 1928 was an exception to the rule, for by that time he had acquired great popular strength and so, also, to some degree, was the winning effort of Herbert Hoover to become the Republican standard bearer, though a lot of hard organization work, including a roundup of Southern delegates, went into his race. The great strength of Mr. Roose velt was gained after, not before, his first nomination in 1932. Jim Parley won that nomination for him by the hardest kind of plugging. It was not the result of a spon taneous demand from the people. And Mr. Roosevelt could have been “stopped" at Chicago if the "allies” against him had sunk their jeal ousies and pooled their resources. His candidacy in 1936, of course, was of a different sort, but Mr. Landon’s was not. He, too, was a hot-house creation. The whole point is that a presi dential nomination, in the first in stance, is likely to be won by an intensive hunt for delegates or by trading or both. Candidates, as a rule, go out to get the presidential office, they don't stand back and wait for a summons. At the very least, when events compel a wait ing attitude, they nourish in un obtrusive w’avs the tender plant of public sentiment. There are grounds for fair crit icism of Mr. McNutt’s drive for the presidency, but the fact that it is i synthetic is not one of them. It is not one, that is to say, unless you want to tar a large array of can didates. past and present, writh ex actly the same stick. Newspaper Has Birthday, Employes Get Present By the Associated Press. AKRON. Ohio, Dec 11.—The Akron Beacon Journals 350 em ployes assembled at a banquet last night to honor Editor John S. Knight and Business Manager John H. Barry on the newspaper's 100th | anniversary—but the employes got | the birthday gift. The management announced it I would give a bonus equaling two weeks’ pay to each worker. Mr. Knight and Mr. Barry re- ; ceived silver plaques, presented by H. B. '‘Doc’’ Kerr, veteran columnist, in behalf of the employes. The plaques bear a miniature of the Beacon Journal's front page. Cann Will Start Work On Census Job By the Associated Press. The Census Bureau said last night William Ferris Cann was scheduled to begin work at Parkers burg. W Va„ today as West Vir ginia area manager for the 1940 census. The task was originally assigned to R. Mollohan of Parkersburg, who, the bureau said, resigned. Finns Frustrate Helsinki Raid With Old Cannon By the Associated Press. HELSINKI, Dec. 11.—A story of how two elderly Finns of a coastal village frustrated a mass bombing attack on Helsinki with the aid of , a rusty cannon is being told here. The two men. members of the civilian defense organization, sight ed 15 bombing planes en route to the capital December 1, as the story I goes. They ran to the gun and fired at the planes. The shot missed, but the squad- i ron wheeled about, and a dozen of ! the planes emptied their bomb racks 1 on the rocky shore where the can- j non stood. They nad to return to 1 their base. Only three planes went on to Helsinki. F. T. C. Bans '6 Per Cent' In G. M., Ford Financing By the Associated Press. The Federal Trade Commission has ruled that the term “six per cent” can not be used in automobile financing when charges actually ex ceed a simple six per cent of the balance unpaid after each install ment. It said that a purchase plan which carried six per cent interest on the balance unpaid at time of purchase until the final payment was made actually “resulted in a charge of approximately 11per cent simple interest.” The commission order was direc ted at General Motors Corp. and subsidiaries and the Ford Motor Co. Complaints against several others were dismissed on agreement to end the practice. We, the People U. S. Lacks Code Policy That Assures Wiring of Confidential Information By JAY FRANKLIN. Behind the special trans-Atlantic flight of Ambassador Kennedy from London, with information “too confidential to be cabled,” lies the story of a major State Department failure—the failure of our foreign office to develop a code policy which insures relative secrecy in wiring confidential information between the department and its foreign missions. The codes are under the jurisdiction of David A. Salmon, chief of the Division of Communication and Records, and his assistant, Roger S. Drissel. From time to time,-at great trouble and considerable ex pense, this division prepares code books which are henceforth regarded as public monuments. For extra special messages, there is a double code chart, changed every month. These charts are not distributed by m ■ uim “K'-viai vaiucio, uut cue f/ui< m uiJJiu w M jiVJf matic pouches which are carried in I w the captains’ safes on foreign flag _ _ - vessels. There is nothing to prevent a resourceful foreign government from having the safe opened, the pouch forced and the code cards photostated in the course of a voyage. Faking of seals, etc., is A. B. C. stuff in war time and our Embassies are not equipped to detect skilled tampering with its pouches. Other Nations Decipher Codes As a matter of fact, since the war, every belligerent and most of the imporSnt “neutrals'’—such as Japan. Italy and Russia—decipher all of our Embassy-coded cables. This is taken so much as a matter of course that in at least one belligerent capital it is a commonplace experience for Embassy secretaries to have government officials discuss with them frankly the contents of “secret” coded messages sent by our Ambassador to the State Department. Now, it is quite true that our national safety does not exactly depend on maintaining secrecy in our diplomatic communications. But even in peacetime, a cable to London telling the Embassy to ask for $4.50 on the pound in exchange stabilization but to go as high as $4.45 if the British insist, when deciphered by the British would naturally lead to the difference of 5 cents which would be injurious to our trade. And if either of the belligerents requested our “good offices” in arranging an armistice, to have our codes cracked by the other side would compromise our fairness and integrity. 'Black Chamber' Set Up In any case, the State Department spends a lot of money each year on codes, cables, and code clerks throughout the world. What it gets for its money is a system of “secret” , — communications which can be stahti/h^ismt cracked with a can opener by any ,T foreign government which wishes to know what we are doing. So we witness the scandalous picture of ,t our Ambassador at London being - xuictu iu uy me miamic in order to give the President information which, if put in "secret code,” would be the possession of the British In telligence Branch in less than 12 hours. At one time, when the famous Capt. Yardley of “The American Black Chamber was operating, we had a code program as well as a code policy. But the Hoover administration juniced Capt. Yardley's outfit, for reasons which still stupefy—that it wras wrong for this Government to decipher the messages of foreign governments. Since the outbreak of the war, a “black chamber” has been set up in New York, under the jurisdic tion of F. C. C„ in order to prevent abuse of our neutrality in coded messages to foreign countries. But the State Department still limps along with a code system which was already obsolete in 1914 and which has become virtually as prehistoric as the Pig Latin—“Imlav inlay ithway youlay”—with the passage of 25 years. ▼ XX--LX Headline Folk And What They Do Pan-European Union First Visualized by Austrian Count By LEMUEL F. PARTON. On the day the war broke out a hostess up in our country town started an interesting game. Each of about 20 dinner guests wrote and sealed a prophecy of the trend of the war, to be opened in three months. We opened them several nights ago. We were all wrong on all counts. All had foreseen a "blitzkrieg” and nobody a stalemat*. None foresaw the intensifying political war. Extending the test a few years back, world statesmen would have been similarly embarrassed, judging from their previous outgivings. A conspicuous exception would be the Austrian Count Coudenhove-Kalergi, pioneering a European federation for the last 16 years. He described precisely in advance the breakdown of the Kellogg treaty and all other peace pacts, Russia's pull away from the West and its ascendancy as a sinister Asiatic power, the vacillat ing opportunism of Italy and its grand opera gesture of empire, and, with a solemn warning of gloom and doom, a war which would render old political formulas merely aca It was on March 13. 1938, that he fled from Austria. He must have had his suitcase packed. None had foreseen so clairvoyantly what lay ahead. In the gloomy old palace of the Hapsburgs in Vienna, head quarters of his Pan-European Union, he left his slice of the all-Europe dream. But only temporarily. Still active in France, England and Switzerland, he finds, within the last month, a strong revival of the plan for a federated Europe, and this resurgence has brought for* ward and validated much of hi* work and recruited powerful and effective leaders *behind an effort to achieve continental economic and cultural union. A slender, poetic young man. with ascetic and scholarly features, he published his book. "Pan-Europe.” in 1923. It was a penetrating study of historical backgrounds and star tlingly prophetic in charting the years ahead. He then took the lead in organizing the Pan-European Union. He received surprising sup port for what seemed at the time a highly dubious proposal. Falling in were Herriot of France. Strese mann of Germany, Nitti of Italy and other powerful leaders of European political opinion. His plan was ad vancing rapidly until 1932, when Herriot angrily resigned from the union because of a letter the count had written him. In thus letter the count warned against crushing the German republic and predicted that such treatment would provoke a dangerous reaction in Germany. The count was bom to be an in ternationalist. His father was the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to j Japan. His mother was Japanese i and his grandmother was a Greek j heiress. He was for several years professor of philosophy at the Uni versity of Vienna. jig i, m* kS il I tS ilii 4 ™ I Yes, I am worriedH ... and it's about! your cold...do getB Isome FATHER JOHN'S | MEDICINE now...tteI children need it too-1 RICH IN VITAMINS.. %U»dL 84 u I — A little buys a lot on the Challenger to California! Coach passengers ride in deep-cushioned, reclining chair-seats, with soft night lights, free pillows and porter service, bleeping Car passengers save money on rail fare and berth charges—enjoy the use of a smart, radio-equipped Lounge Car. Helpful Registered Nurse-Stewardess service, without cost, to all. 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