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Senate Takes First Step To Economy National Defense Items Slated To Suffer Most By DAVID LAWRENCE. The Senate has taken the first step toward a restoration of the in dependence of Congress to its legis lative function of controlling the nurse strings of t the Govern- : ment. Will the House back up the Senate? This question, which started wh e n Senator j Pat Harrison asked for the appointment of a b 1 p a r 11 san committee of 24 from both houses of Con gress to study tne president s - - budget, has be- Darld Uvnut. come paramount in the present ses sion. It marks the recognition by Congress ol a widespread public sentiment, namely, that spending of public funds should be attended by far more scrutiny than has been given it in the last seven years, and that while the Executive may recommend, it is really the duty of the legislative branch of the Government to decide what shall or shall not be expended. The time for co-ordination of national expenditures by a syste matic survey of the budget as a whole has arrived in the judgment of most members of Congress. They wish to decide what the whole budg et shall be like and not merely confine themselves to particular items as in the past. In a sense, the biggest and most salutary development in the present situation is the fact that a previous Congress set a debt limit of $45, 000,000.000. Mr. Roosevelt made same sharp cuts in items which he knew would displease certain mem bers of Congress and, as Senator Adams of Colorado, Democrat, said, there must have been “a twinkle in the President's eyes as he submitted the budget to Congress. If Congress attempts to raise some of the items, it will be automatical ly increasing the debt limit. If it wants to restore the cuts. Congress must penetrate the national defense section of the budget. What really has happened is that for the first time since budgeting started about 20 years ago, Congress has been compelled to look at the whole budg et very much as a parliamentary government does abroad. In such circumstances the leadership has to determine what the budget must in clude. Defense to Suffer Most. It does look as if national de fense recommendations will suffer most, notwithstanding the war, but, if they do not, then some of the big subsidies will be curtailed and, this being an election year, the politicians on Capitol Hill may do the suffering. Senator Pat Harrison sensed the situation—the strategy that the Executive was adopting toward Con gress—and immediately asked for the joint House-Senate committee to make the general study. Leaders In the House are represented as opposed to the appointment of a special committee as likely to delay consideration of appropriations. But unquestionably the Republicans in the House will support the meas ure and, if they vote solidly for it. there might be another 60 votes from the Democratic side, especially from among the conservatives. Even though predictions of defeat have been general, it seems incredi ble that the House would publicly refuse to agree to a Joint committee study of the whole spending prob lem and the budget, especially when there is a debt limit to face. No Opposition Interposed. From a technical standpoint, the administration has been publicly inclined to go along with the re quest for a budget study by a joint House-Senate committee, and cer tainly no opposition was interposed by the administration in the Senate where the proposal carried by an overwhelming vote. If the admin istration were to use its influence to have the measure defeated in the House, this would be apparent in the voting. The Republicans would then certainly make political capi tal out of the refusal by adminis tration leaders to give the budget the new form of study that is being sought by the Senate. Indeed, it is not unlikely that, in the event of House defeat, the Senate might conduct its inquiry anyway, though such a disagreement would un doubtedly mean a longer session and delay in an election year, when the administration is anxious to see an early adjournment of Congress. But after the study, what? The chances are that the President will win his point with respect to hold ing the budget to $8,400,000,000, but he is likely to find that the Congress can play at the same sort of strategy and begin making cuts in projects which various New Deal agencies would not like to see diminished. Certainly it appears that the debt limit will not be exceeded, for neither political party wants to take respon sibility for the increase beyond the 45 billions. The next President would then have to face the question of further deficits or a balanced budget, and it would not be surpris ing if the next President shifted complete responsibility for balancing the budget to the Congress, where it really belongs. The budget can always be balanced whenever Con gress decides to do so. The Execu tive has no power to appropriate public funds—only to disburse what Congress has ordered. It is a simple lesson in government, yet it has not been taken to heart till this session of Congress. iRep'Oductlon Rights Reserved.) Attendance of 738,830 Sets Boys' Club Peak Attendance at the Boys’ Club of Washington in 1939 was 738.830— greatest in the organization’s his tory and 143,057 more than the figure for 1938, it was announced yesterday by Charles M. Fyfe, man aging director. Of the 1939 total, he said, the Southeast Club had 359,401, the Central Club 156.886, the George town Club 112,185 and the North east Club 110,358. In comparison with 1938 totals, the Southeast Club had an increase of 141,745 and the Georgetown Club had an increase of 14.459. Still Time to Replace Treaty, Say Japanese E> tb* AtsocUted Prcu. TOKIO, Jan. 11.—Yakichiro Su ma, spokesman of the Japanese for eign office, declared yesterday there was “still ample time” to arrange a means of continuing Japanese American trade before expiration of the commercial treaty with the United States January 26. “It is a matter now of cordiality and friendship on both sides,” he said at a press conference. “Some thing should be done.” Suma avoided specifying whose move was next, but it Was noted that Foreign Minister Admiral Kicliisaburo Nomura, who has con ferred several times lately with United States Ambassador Joseph C. Grew, had no present appoint ments with the American diplomat. Suma said "Japan always has been cordial and our people through out China are doing their best to settle cases” of bombings of Amer ican property and similar incidents. There have been no such settlements reoently, however. The Capital Parade Handsome Loan to Finland Awaits Initiative of President By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. If the President and the State Department would take the initiative in proposing it, a handsome loan to Finland would probably go through Congress like a breeze. The real mystery is why the Initiative has not been taken, considering the President’s known sympathies, the anguished appeals of the able Finnish Minister, HJalmar Procope, and the desperate need of the Finns. In the Senate, for example, private expressions of approval for a. loan of $50,000,000 or $60,000,000 have already come from such influential Democrats as the majority leader, Alben W. Barkley; the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Key Pittman, and the majority’s ablest strategist, James F. Byrnes, 'ine chieftain of the Republicans, Charles L. McNary, is not adverse to a loan, so long as it is not specifically announced as being for armaments. The vice chieftain, Warren R. Austin, is expected to be personally active in promoting the loan idea. Every one of these men is convinced that a Finnish loan bill would pass the Senate without serious, ^opposition, unless the ex ireme isolationists should suddenly change their present tune. When the Republican caucus recently discussed the question, the sole discordant note was struck by Senator John A. Danaher of Connecticut, who has many Poles in his State and remarked that, if we were to lend money to the Finns he did not see why the Poles should not have some, too. Only three days ago, at an important conference, Senate leaders of both parties agreed that all that was now required was for the President to give the go signal. Chinese Parallel Indeed, the Senate leaders went still further. Senators Barkley and Pittman are reported to have stated they were surprised they had heard nothing on the sabject from the White House, but imagined that the President would get round to it in time. The leadership of the House, where the bill should originate, is understood to want to avoid the issue. But the House is not only more responsive to the President's requests; it is also likely to be influenced by sentiment in the Senate, within whose natural province fall questions of foreign relations. Thus it is plain that the President has it in his power to help the Finns if he chooses to give the word. Bills for this purpose have already been Independently introduced in both House and Senate, by Representa tive Frank E. Hook and Senator Prentiss Brown, both of Michigan. They only lack the administration imprimatur, or, if they are not found suit able, other bills can be introduced tomorrow. Furthermore, a perfectly good precedent already exists for lending to the Finnish government. Last year, after a long struggle, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, jr., obtained the President's approval for an Export-Import Bank loan of $25,000,000 to the Chinese. The Chinese were just as much at war then as the Finns are now. Arrange ments were made for amortization in shipments of tung oil, but some sort of satisfactory arrangement for amortization of the Finnish loan could also be made. The Chinese loan was obviously political; the Finnish loan would not be more so. In fact, the parallel is exact, except that a Finnish loan would require congressional action, where the Chinese loan did not. 'After You' Financing through the Export-Import Bank is at present not avail able to the Finns, both because the bank's cupboard is pretty bare, and because its directorate has taken the position that the bank will make no loans for arms purchases. But a direct t60.000.000 loan to the Finnish government, without strings attached, such as is proposed in the Brown and Hook bills, would certainly not be opposed either by the State Department or the Presi dent. Minister Procope's appeals have been received in most friendly spirit, both by the President and by : Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles. The Finnish need for foreign I loans is now desperate, as was made clear in Prime Minister Risto Rvti's speech of Monday. Possibly the President will decide to give the loan plan a push after all. At present, the difficulty is that the President and the congressional leadership are playing a game of "After you, Alphonse." Each says that, if the other will only take the lead, all will be well. Unless one decides to go ahead and do so, nothing will be accomplished. (Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) b COME ON CHIEF; t Ltrs 6TAR.T Krr rolling > (THINK WE CAN HELP WU CTHE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not L necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may he contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s. The Political Mill Senate Opponents Stand Ready ‘To Filibuster Anti-Lynching Bill to Death By G. GOULD LINCOLN. As was fully expected, the House has passed the Qavagan-Flsh anti lynching bill. The vote was 251 to 132. Now it goes to the Senate— where is it not expected to pass. Not be cause there is an insufficient number of votes in that body favorable to the measure to pass it. but because the opponents of the bill stand ready to “fili buster” the bill to death if necessary. me cnarge Was flatly made O. Oaald Lincoln, in the House debate that the anti lynching bill has become a political gesture — supported by members, both Democratic and Republican, from the North and West in the hope of winning the votes of the Negro voters in those sections of the country. This charge was made by members from the Southern States, who proclaimed themselves Just as violently opposed to lynch ings as the supporters of the meas ure, but Insisted that the bill was a clear violation of the Constitution and States' rights. Opponents of the bill pointed out that last year only three had been lynched in the whole United States —as clear evidence that sentiment against mob violence has made such headway in all parts of the country there is no reason for a Federal statute dealing with lynching. They contended that the States—those of the South as well as those of the North and West—are handling the lynching evil themselves— and that under the Constitution it is the duty of the States and not of Fed eral Government to deal with such matters. wniy « laying ruiuii's. The supporters of the bill denied that they were playing politics In advocating the passage of the antl lynchlng bill, Insisting they had In mind only the prevention of mob violence, which has been responsible for a great number of l.vncntngs In the past. There was one revealing Incident in the debate, however, Representa tive Mitchell of Illinois, a colored member of the House, attacked the Republican members of the House who were going to vote for the bill on the ground that they intended so to vote for the purpose of win ning back to the Republican fold the Negro voters in the North and West. Mr. Mitchell Is a Democrat. And Mr. Mitchell wants the Negro voters to support the Democratic party. It is difficult to understand why Republicans from the North and West who vote for the anti lynching bill must be charged with playing politics with the Negro vote, when Democrats from those sec tions who also vote for the bill are not to be so charged. This Is an election year. In New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Indiana, for example, there are large numbers of Negro voters. So numerous are they that they could easily hold the balance of power in these pivotal j States, If they all stuck together, j So the record the parties make in Congress on this anti-lynching bill,| which has been demanded again and again as a protection to Negroes! from mob violence in the South, is held to be Important. The Democratic party Is in charge In Congress—with a tremendous majority in the Senate. Yet it is clear to all that if the anti-lynching bill is to fail at the present session 'of Congress it will be because of the stout; opposition of the Demo cratic Senators from the South. There are no Republican Senators from that section of the country. The Republicans in the Senate will support the measure—as they did in the House—almost to a man. Sena tor Borah of Idaho is an exception. He does not believe the bill is con stitutional and made his record against a similar measure when it j came up the last time in the Senate, | only to fail. Senator Connally of Texas, who i played a leading part in the last filibuster which killed an anti lynching bill in the Senate, is plan ning now to kill this one. He will ask for hearings before the Judi ciary Committee, to which the bill Is expected to be referred. He will have the committee go into the lynching cases of last year—two in number, two men were lynched to gether for one alleged crime. Com mittee hearings consume time—and can be made to consume a lot of time. The opponents of the antl-lynch ing bill are in better case to fight the measure than on the last oc casion—a couple of years ago. At that time an agreement had been obtained to make the anti-lynch ing bill a special order of busi ness. and it became the unfinished business. But no such agreement exists now. The opponents of the measure can and will make their fight right from the drop of the hat, on any motion to take it up. They can, if they wish, filibuster not only the motion to take up; they can filibuster the reading of the journal of the Senate itself— as was done a number of years ago, when an earlier effort was made to put through the Senate a simi lar bill. Auminisirauon Leaders cool. Administration leaders are not elated over the idea of having the anti-lynching bill brought into the Senate at the present session. They know that it will lead to a knock down. drag-out fight, with the prob abilities against the final passage of the bill. The supporters of the bill outside of Congress, how'ever, are intent upon having the bill taken up in the Senate and pressed to a vote. They are likely to point out to the Democratic majority that the bill is their baby, and that it is up to the Democrats to get it through. The record of lynchings in this country is not a pretty thing to look ; at. Yet when the record is brought down to date, it shows that lynch- I lugs not only have been on the wane, but have nearly been elimi nated. The assertion is made by opponents of the Federal anti lynching bill that the passage of such legislation may result easily In increasing lynchings—and the crimes for which men are lynched. In the period from 1882 to 1892, the average number of lynchings per year was 155; from 1893 to i 1903, 133 each year; from 1904 to 1914, 89 each year; in 1925, there I were 20 lynchings; in 1936, 9: in j 1937, 8; In 1938, 6, and in 1939, 2 lynchings with 3 lives taken. There should no no lynchings— not one, or two or three, in a year. Solid Citizen BISBEE, Ariz., Jan 11 [&).—Taxes? Old Stuff to 84-year-old J. C. Wolff, j He has just paid the taxes on his1 little ranch in person for the 53d consecutive year. nr: This Changing World Nazi Subs Expected to Re-open Campaign; Germans May Step In to "Save1 Soviet By CONSTANTINE BBOWN. The Germai\ submarines, which have shown little activity In the last few weeks, will start an intensified campaign early in February. They had been recalled to their home bases before Christmas to give crews a furlough and to refit the ships. This last operation Is almost completed now and the U-boats will be let loose in a few weeks. Premier Chamberlain spoke on Tuesday about an Intensification of the war early In the spring. According to the best advice that can be obtained from Berlin, the Germans do not intend to take the offensive In the near future. They have enough forces to sit tight behind the Siegfried Line. The principal German activity In the west will be naval— an attempt to impair the supply of Great Britain from across the leas. Finns Get Anxious for Help The Finnish government Is getting nervous. The artay has put up a defense which has astounded the world. It has captured from the aamorautea Russian aivisions much war material—mostly of little use to the Finns. The lack of war ma* terials begins to make itself felt in the Finnish Army. The Helsinki government has received many promises from the members of the League of Nations and from the United States, but for the time being, with the exception of a few Italian planes and some more or less negligible quantities ui nai materials, nothing has been forthcoming. France and Great Britain formally have promised to rush supplies. The Finns hope that there will be no delay and the needed war parapher nalia will arflve before It la too late. The Russians, after the first defeat, are reorganising themselves as fast as their cumbersome methods permit. It appears that Tovarlsh Stalin is readv to swallow his pride and ask the Germans to send an Important military mission to get Russia out of her present predicament. Much as the German general staff dislikes to help the Soviets against Finland, Hitler Is not likely to Ignore the pleas of the Mus covites. A refusal to co-operate would throw Russia Into the arms of the alUes and the raw materials the Reich expects to get out of than country would-be lost. It Is true that for the time being the Russian ex ports to Germany are Inconsequential. But, the Germans hope, In the course of time, when the Russian transportation system has been taken over by German specialists, the huge Soviet territory will become an In exhaustible source of supply for the Reich. Mission Seeks Co-operation Basis An "exploring" military mission arrived In Moscow today. The role of this mission Is to discuss with the Russian general staff and the princi pal members of the Communist party the basis of the German-Russlan co-operation for the thorough reorganization of the Russian Army. It Is reported that the Germans Intend to suggest that Russian forces, the best available, be sent Immediately to the Finnish front and concentrate their activity on one spot only. While the Finns will thus be kept busy, the Germans intend to send an Important military mission—if Stalin signs on the dotted line giving the Ger mans discretionary powers—to put the Soviet house in order. In diplomatic quarters, It Is be lieved the Germans will urge Stalin to offer some “generous” peace terms i to the Finns. Foreign Minister von J Ribbentrop is anxious to gain an- A other diplomatic victory and carry 1 the olive branch to Helsinki. 4 The Finns, the Oerman foreign ] office believes, are willing to listen to peace proposals if such proposals would leave their country at least nomi nally Independent. Ribbentrop hopes to kill two birds with one stone: Rehabilitate the much damaged Russian prestige and establish once more German in fluence in Finland. It is uncertain as yet whether Stalin will be willing to sign on the dotted line: whether he is prepared to accept the war plans of the German general stall which intends to assign to the Soviets an important role in the Near and Middle East, and whether he wants German specialists to run his country in a goose step manner. Sharecropper Protest Unlikely in Missouri By the Associated Praia. CAPE GIRARDEAU, Mo., Jan. 11. —Belief there would be no repe tition this winter of the 1939 share croper roadside demonstration In Southeast Missouri was expressed here by the Rev. Owen Whitfield, colored leader of that celebrated mass protest against low economic status. After a tour of this cotton sec i, _ j'r_= tion, Mr. Whitfield said he had found most land owners were co operating with Oov. Lloyd C. Stark, who last week asked them to “de lay any eviction proceedings" until February 1, at least, while the State and Federal Government attempt ed to solve the problem through a resettlement program. “We don't want to demonstrate in the cold and snow,” he declared. Today is the annual “moving day” for sharecroppers in this part of Missouri. Headline Folk And What They Do Stark Emerging as Important Figure In 1940 Picture By LEMUEL F. PARTOIV. Oov. Lloyd C. Stark of Missouri raises and trains five-galted saddle horses. There might be a hint of political talent in that, in the vary Inf paces and conformities at politics ‘to day. This re porter, mingling at the Capitol, had no thought of Oov. Stark but heard his name every where, even when nobody had said a word about dark horses or saddle horses. An old - time O.T. lAori C. *t»rk.polulcal caje_ keeper, who has watched quadren nial shuffles, deals and splits for many years, was the first to tell me that Missouri’s country squire Gov ernor was the Democratic hole card. Others didn't go so far as that, but the almost Invariable answer to a question about Democratic presi dential possibilities was, “Gov. Stark seems to be getting more and more into the picture.” Nobody seemed to know whether it was a buildup. One somewhat sardonic commentator said it would* all blow over and that the Gover nor was merely being given a work out as preparedness against Thomas E. Dewey on the ground that Thom as J. Pendergast in jail would more than even the score set up by Mr. Dewey's biggest haul. The Jackson Day dinner at Springfield. Mo., spotlighted the rhyming Stark and Clark as jock eying for position in the national line-up, with Senator Clark's name also frequently heard in the presi dential buzz. Gov. Stark wants an unpledged delegation at the Demo cratic convention, while Senator Clark is for a favorite-son pledge. The Governor is at present a candi date for the senatorial nomination In this year’s primaries. Gov. Stark, 54 years old, is the owner of the biggest orchard and the biggest nursery In the world and in addition to high school saddlers raises pointer dogs, which no doubt keep him informed as to which way the wind is blowing. He was gradu ated from Annapolis in 1908 and served several years at sea before turning to the nursery business. Elected to the governorship in 1936, he offers his balancing of the State budged as his No. 1 political asset. He has been active in Chambers of Commerce and business organiza tions. He has been a fairly con sistent supporter of the New Deal but a hold-out on some of Its measures. He is of the successful businessman type, a fastldioua dresser and would be another “coun try gentleman” in the White House. I TT’S easy to gat quick relief from 1 stuffy nostrils with Mentholatum. This soothing ointment reduces the local congestion, thus helping to clear the breathing passages. Mentholatum also checks sniffling, sneezing, soreness due to colds. It soothe* irritated membranes and promotes healing. And Its capons likewise carry comfort deep Into the cold-infested air passages. TRAVEL._ _TRAVEL._. '■ 7/HvMuntatiatf&ifodhi KEXtJ IN ALL SOPEH-COACHES ty=^ • Enjoy homelike warmth and comfort by all meant—but get placet in the meantime! Greyhound Super-Coaches make winter travel at pleasant at spring. The big saving it mighty refreshing, too—and to it the wide choice of routes. Go Greyhound this trip—for more pleasure, for lest money! lUlfll BH-Wlr r«N PITTSBURGH .... $5.75 MIAMI .....12.95 BALTIMORE.75 PHILADELPHIA ... 2.55 ALBANY ..6.80 SAN FRANCISC0..40.95 RICHMOND _2.25 HARRISBURG.2.30 NEW YORK-4.30 BOSTON _7.70 til IXTtA Stvlittl M tin GREYHOUND TERMINAL 1407 New York Are. N.W., Telephone Notionol 8000. Blue Ridge, Phone Met ropolitan 1523. Alexandria, Va., 109 North Washington St., Telephone Alex. 350. "/ Wouldn’t Go Back Ifl Could" Says Fannie Horst Fannie Hunt (above) admits it’s a tough world today, but ahe wouldn't trade it for the peaceful Gay Nineties. “Not by a long shot'', says the noted futhor. “These may be dangerous days, but they make all that ever happened before seem like a slow-motion picture”. 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