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' Battle Royal Likely on Unit Rule « Fight May Revive South's Veto Power Over Candidate By DAVID LAWRENCE. One of the biggest political con tests in the year 1940 will come not alone in connection with the nomi nation of a presidential candidate at the Demo cratic National Convention, but with respect to the abolition of _.the so-called “unit” rule whereby the ma jority within a State casts the ballot for the whole State. Although Pres fdent Roosevelt was renominated virtually by ac clamation at the 1936 convention, David Lawrence, the New Deal strategists secured the repeal of the historic two-thirds rule whereby 6623 per cent of the dele Bait-a vuung were required to make a nomination. Each convention makes its own rules and if the delegates should wish to do so they can this year re Impose the two-thirds rule. A simple i motion by majority vote to the effect that the rules of the 1932 convention j shall prevail is all that's necessary in order to bring the two-thirds rule back. The principal debate nowadays about the two-thirds rule is that persons who favored its abolition expected that along with it would go/the so-called unit rule. Thus it has been possible in the past for a ' relatively small group of delegates to exercise a majority within certain States and thereby establish a suffi cient bloc of votes by the unit rule as to prevent the nomination of a particular opponent against whom forces were joined. Way Paved for Fight. . The general feeling among those Who have discussed the issue in the past has been that with repeal of the two-thirds rule, the unit rule also should go by the boards. The fact that the administration forces at the 1936 convention repealed the two thirds rule but didn't abolish the unit rule has paved the way for a fight at the 1940 convention. The significance of these rules is that if any considerable number of delegates want to block a third-term nomination they can do so much more easily with a two-thirds re quirement than they could if only - r*’* vuic la icquiiea 10 make a nomination. Likewise, if there is a considerable opposition here and there within a given State to prevent a third-term nomination, the abolition of the unit rule would , permit such a minority to have its votes tallied in the total. ' Individual States react differently ! to the unit rule. Some forbid it and send their delegates instructed to cast their ballots as individuals instead of as a unit, But there has been enough unit-rule voting to wipe out the minority view. If the 1932 election rules were to j prevail, the renomination of Presi- j dent Roosevelt by means of the “draft’’ would be a difficult thing for the New Deal enthusiasts to achieve. I For there are enough States already j which either have stanch support ready for favorite sons or are in clined to send their delegates “un- I instructed,” so as to make more than I the necessary one-third bloc which | Would prevent a nomination. The Southern States, in particu lar. have held fast heretofore to the two-thirds rule and the unit rule. They have done so because the Dem ocratic party has had its stronghold in the South, and by reason of long service in Congress, many Senators and Representatives have been in the forefront of the delegations sent to the conventions. These Southern Democrats, through the two-thirds rule, have been able to exercise a veto power on the nominee by means of a vote or two in excess of the one-third needed to block a nomi nation. The South has stood fast tor the unit rule for the same reason. Battle Royal in Prospect. Conditions li QVD rVl O nrrofl « What with the elimination of the two-thirds rule. If the unit rule Is abolished, there are many States ,ln the North as well as the South where minority sentiment will be registered against a third-term drive. Hence the question of what rules are to apply at the Democratic National Convention is already be ing talked about as likely to precipi tate at the very outset of the con vention a battle royal. The Republican National Conven tion has for years nominated by a simple majority vote of the dele gates, with the unit rule being applied by State delegations only in rare instances. The theory that a majority of the delegates should do the nom inating is sound, but it is a denial of minority expression to invoke the unit rule. This is because in a na tional convention the true choice is that of the majority of the dele gates of the entire convention rather than a candidate chosen by per haps a minority of the total num ^ ber of delegates exercising through the unit rule a control of a majority of the State delegations. (Reproduction Rights Reserved.) GUARANTEED GLASSES $7.50 no | HIGHER Why Pay More? | This Include• • EXAMINATION by MEDICAL EYE SPECIALIST • Sinrie or Double Virion Lenses. Kryptok Bifocal* Included a Your choice of popular styled »old nlled frames or rimless mountlnss. 0 Case and cleaner. I 2-Year Service Guarantee j The Capital Parade President Groping for Way to Save N. L. R. B. Power but Appease Its Foes By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. The President is still groping for a way to save the substantial powers of the National Labor Relations Board. The board is under almost irresistible attack, with the A. F. of L. clamoring for its blood, the employers longing to cut its gizzard out, the C. I. O. reaching for its scalp and Representative Smith’s House Investigating Committee in the actual process of dissecting it. The situation presents a pretty problem in the art of legislative compromise. The interests attacking the board are mutually inimical, but although its enemies hate one another, the board has almost no defenders. Drastic amendments of the board’s enabling act command powerful congressional support The President, who does not want drastic Bmcuumeuts, must tun up au ms canniness to avoid a nasty fight. The most common forecast is that he will ai^pease the board’s enemies by countenancing a ripper bill, abolishing the board as now constituted and allowing him to ap point a new one of more moderate tendency. The board’s chairman, J. Warren Madden, has already been gazetted to the judiciary, and the KUnnnseri reslstnnre nf ttiB ntkar -TV HOLD TO /» F&«X*UNEt /ft iftT ft ^ extremist board member Edwin Smith, has been widely noted. But the truth is that as yet the President is not only unready to countenance a ripper bill, but is actually being strongly urged by his New Deal advisers to hold his present lines. The New Dealers take the position that the President can sit back, let Congress write its own amendments to the Labor Relations Act, and then veto the amend ments if Congress goes too far. Byrnes' Middle Way If the situation ripens unfavorably, the President may be forced to adopt the ripper bill plan, although it savors of the sort of public surrender which he is always loath to make. Meanwhile, the outlines of a possible middle course are vaguely emerging. The Labor Relations Board controversy is one of the big legislative questions on which the President has enlisted the aid of the able Senator James F. Byrnes. The present strategy is to hold the House changes in the board within the narrowest limits feasible, and then to rely on Senator Byrnes, with his peculiar talent for legislative management to achieve a "reasonable” compromise in the Senate. The word has gone out that the President will not resist “some amendments.” If any one can pacify the N. L. R. B.’s enemies with a quarter of a loaf, Senator Byrnes can do it. Concurrently, Senator Byrnes will have to persuade the President to make the quarter loaf available. Moreover, the fact that amendments are to be limited and no ripper bill is to be passed does not mean that changes in N. L. R. B. personnel will not occur. On the contrary, his legislative leaders have already in Lime uxuca* me n. u. it. a. administrative system 1s firmly reformed In the Interest of moderation, they will be powerless to hold off the N. L. R. B.’s attackers. But the changes will simply be arranged between the White House and the board, and will probably consist merely in the dropping of such pilots as the board's Robespierrean secretary, Nate Witt. Effective Mediation? Finally, a very interesting move is afoot to supplement the N. L. R. B.’s work with an effective Federal service of mediation between workers and employers. One suggestion of the N. L. R. B.’s middle-of-the-road mem ber, Dr. William Leiserson, is that many of the N. L. R. B.'s difficulties might be avoided if cases suitable to mediation were taken off its hands by a mediation service. Dr. Leiserson sensibly argues that the board’s function is to enforce collective bargaining, and that it is most complicating to have the board dragged into labor disputes in which collective bargain ing problems are not involved. A mediation service now exists, in semi-embryonic form, at the Labor Department. The service has done fairly good work in a number of impor N R 1- ■f |iW* iaiiL oi/iiiwca. itrt it ueswLUlc OI power and cannot even subpoena the parties to any labor dispute it enters. During the last General Motors i strike, Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins wrote letters to Speaker William B. Bankhead and Vice President John N. Garner request ing that the power of subpoena be pnnfprrprf nn Vuar m^Htatnrc A mnv® to increase the mediation service’s authority has long been in the air. Now Senator Robert F. Wagner, original sponsor of the Labor Relations Act, is preparing to Introduce a bill to this effect. The Wagner bill is likely to run into trouble both from workers and employers, since both parties have always fought anything in the nature of compulsory arbitration. The bill will also suffer from the general congressional distaste for Miss Perkins, whose department it would aggrandize. Yet the public irritation with the labor problem has now reached a point at which such a bill might pass. (Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance. Inc.) Dinner Will Honor Academy of Design The National Academy of De sign, oldest professional art organi zation in the country will be hon ored at a dinner given by the Wash ington Society of Fine Arts at 7 p.m. tomorrow at the Mayflower Hotel. \ Among members of the academy who will attend are Hobart Nichols and John Taylor Arms, president and assistant corresponding secre tary, respectively; Leila Living ston Morse, granddaughter of Sam uel F. B. Morse, inventor of the telegraph and founder in 1826 of the academy; Barry Faulkner, painter of the murals in the Ar chives Building; Herman A. Mc Neil, Charles Keck, Edward Mc Cartan, sculptors, and Charles C. Curran, George Elmer Browne, Henry Rittenberg and Charles Bit tinger, the latter of this city, painters. Prominent Washingtonians who are scheduled to attend include Al bert W. Atwood, president of the Washington Society of Pine Arts, who will preside; David E. Finley, director of the National Gallery of Art; Senator Theodore F. Green, Democrat, of Rhode Island; Fred eric A. Delano, chairman of the Na tional Capital Park and Planning Commission: H. P. Caemmerer, secretary of the National Commis sion of Fine Arts; Dr. Waldo G. Le land, director of the American Council of teamed Societies; Cor coran Thom, vice president of the Corcoran Gallery of Art; Dr. George F. Bowerman, public librarian, and representatives of the Society of Washington Artists, the Washing ton Water Color Club, the Land scape Club and the Arts Club. Wax Blast Burns Man James Banks, colored, 40. of 1332 Eleventh street N.W., a janitor, was burned yesterday when a can of wax on a heater exploded- in the base ment of a building at 1413 New York avenue N.W. He was treated at Emergency Hospital for second-de gree burns to the hip. ear and arm. CTHE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of Interest to its readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among themselves and directly vpposed to The Star’s. The Political Mill President's Silence on Third Term Hampers Candidates' Campaigning . By G. GOULD LINCOLN. Republican aspirants for the 1940 presidential nomination are out! beating the bushes. Democratic candidates—and there are many— with their hands tied ap parently o v%e r President Roose velt’s final atti tude towarv a third-term n 3m 1 n a 11 o n, are making no polit ical speeches. It is a strange sit u a t i o n. How much longer it can endure is p r o b 1 ematlcal. The presidential preferential pri maries Will be G. Gould Lincoln, along in a few weeks. If one or more Democratic candidates make no effort to win such preference at the hands of the voters—the situa tint! will hp st.ill mnrp ctranan Vice President Garner, candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination no matter what, his friends say, will make no pre-con vention campaign speeches. Mr. Garner, his record, his personality and his general attitude toward pub lic questions are practically as well known to the American people as are President Roosevelt and his rec ord. The Garner people figure their candidate can run in the primary States without personal appear ances and speeches. The Vice Pres ident will be entered in a number of them, or slates of delegates will be entered for him. If Senator Don ahey steps aside as Ohio's favorite son candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination — Garner surely will be entered—and give his written assent as required by th§ primary law of that State. Others Less Known. If Senator Donahey goes ahead— as has been forecast—as a favorite son candidate, there still will be Garner delegates, ready to go to the Vice President when the time comes, supporters of the Vice President confidentially predict, notwithstand ing the claims made by Roosevelt third termers that the whole delega tion will swing to the President im mediately. There are other Democratic as I pirants for the presidential nomina tion. however, who are not as widely known as the Vice President, and some of them may have different ideas about pre-convention cam ! paigning and speaking. If they are 1 to get anywhere they may have to show themselves to the voters, just as the Republican candidates are doing today. Take the case of Paul V. McNutt of Indiana, Federal Se curity administrator. His hands have been pretty well tied up to date by the President’s failure to | disclose his own plans. It is true | that the McNutt-for-President or ganization. under the direction of Frank McHale. has been working in every part of the country. But that is different from putting Mr. Mc Nutt himself on the stump, where he is reputedly strong. Then there ere Postmaster rjen eral James A. Farley of New York, 1 Attorney General Robert H. Jack json, also of New York; Gov. Stark I and Senator Clark, both of Missouri, and Senator Barkley of Kentucky. Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who hails from Tennessee'and has been reported to have White House favor for the nomination, is not going to make any campaign, it is confident ly asserted. His nomination, if it comes, will be the result of a com promise between the New Dealers and the other group of Democrats. Associate Justice Douglas of the Su preme Court will, of course, refrain from public speaking. Wheeler Gets Around. One Democratic possibility—spelled in this case with a big P—is getting about the country a lot, speaking in many States, although he is not making direct political speeches. That is Senator Burton K. Wheel er of Montana. He is just back from the West, where he spoke in Denver, in St. Louis, in Cincinnati and several other cities. He will be * * ©VEJi FLY WINTER , • * 3 FLAGSHIPS DAILY TO CHICAGO Through Service • No Change of Planes w navci auuvc winters suuw snu ltc along open airways. American's through service to Chicago saves time, makes convenient connections for points North and West. Giant, steam heated 21-passenger Flagships. Com plimentary meals. For reservations call your Travel Agent or REpublic 1000. Ticket Office: 813 15th Street N. W. Fare $36 one way; $64.80 round trip. NON-STOP 5:15 pm ARRIVES CHICAGO MS pm Olhor Departunit 8:50 am and 4:15 pm Stopping at Cincinnati and Indianapolli I AMERICAN AIRLINES 4<c. I BOUTE OF THE FLAGSHIPS — *_'.1—__ ' on the wing soon again in another direction. He will have a great deal of liberal and labor support when the showdown comes. The draft-Roosevelt brigade is hard at work, with here and there however, a check. In the first place, Democratic leaders in many places believe that President Roosevelt is not going to be a candidate—a feeling which the drafters have to overcome. All is not beer and skit tles for the drafters in Ohio, despite the claims made by the State chair man that Ohio stood ready to send a Roosevelt delegation. In Florida the third termers sought to have the unit rule imposed on the State’s delegation to the national Conven tion—when it shall have been elect ed in a primary. They were turned down by the State Central Commit tee, however. In Mississippi a reso lution presented in the State Legis lature indorsing the President for a third term was tabled. On the Republican side District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey of New York is swinging into a rapid stride. He is in New England for a three day campaign, which will carry him as far North as Portland, Me. On February 7 Mr. Dewey will start a swing across the continent for a Lin coln Day speech in Portland, Oreg. His westward trip will include stops in Chicago, Butte and Helena, Mont., and Spokane, Wash., on his way out to the Coast, and in Salt Lake City. Boise and Cheyenne on his return trip. While Mr. Dewey will make few set speeches, he will confer with many Republican leaders and may speak informally to various groups. Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio and Senator Styles Bridges of New Hampshire already have made trips across the country, campaigning for the presidential nomination. Sena tor Arthur H. Vandenberg of Michi gan is to make two addresses, one in St. Paul on February 10 and one in his home city, Grand Rapids, on February 12, Lincoln's birthday an niversary. Other than these speeches Senator Vandenberg will stick close to the Senate. While his friends are out working for him in many States, Senator Vandenberg must be regarded at present as a receptive rather than an aggressive candidate. Lincoln's birthday anniversary will by a signal for a vast outpouring of Republican speeches in all parts of the country. The Democrats had their innings on Jackson Day, Janu ary 8. Gen. John A. Johnston Leaves $343,351 Estate An estate estimated at $343,351, mostly In stocks, was left by the late Brig. Gen. John A. Johnston, a former District Commissioner. Dis trict Court records disclosed today, when a petition for the probate of his will was filed by the Washington Loan & Trust Co. Representing the estate are At torneys Arthur Peter and W. H. Baden and the will, drawn some time ago, leaves the income remain ing after a number of bequests to members of his family and friends have been made, to the John Dick son Home for Old Men. Gen. John ston was president of the Board of Trustees of the home. With the demise of the beneficiaries men tioned in the will, officials said, the income for the home will be in creased from time to time. The Washington Loan & Trust Co. is named trustee and executor of the estate. 1116 general served for over 30 years as a director of the company. His housekeeper, Mrs. Lottie L. Turner, is to receive $2,000 annually under terms of the will, while his nephew, Samuel Alex ander Johnston, and an employe, Corlies B. Tayor, will each receive $1,000 annually. The general's grandniece, Mrs. Franklin A. Langs dale, is to receive $900 annually. We, the People La Mont Boiler, Invention of Officer Of U. S. Navy, Exploited Abroad (This is the first of a series of four articles on the La Mont boiler and the Navy.) By JAY FRANKLIN. This is a story about boilers. ... This is a story about high-pressure steam, high-pressure Intrigue of foreign agents in the United States and high-pressure bureaucratic stupidity of the American Navy. This is a story about why there are only five ships in the combined British and French fleets abje to cope, single-handed, with a German "pocket battleship.” • This is a story about why American naval vessels are out of date even before they are launched. This is a story about why the American Naw refused to adnnt the Mr. Franklin has told The Star that careful research has preceded the preparation of this series of articles. The Star finds the articles interesting, and the facts outlined by Mr. Franklin speak for themselves. Whether the articles merely reflect a difference of profes sional opinion among experts on a highly technical subject, however, or whether they bear out Mr. Franklin’s diagnosis of "naval bureaucracy’’ is, of course, a matter of opinion. The Star has invited officials of the Navy to reply, officially or unofficiallm, through a Star re porter, should they care to pre sent the Navy’s side of the case. invention of an American naval offi cer and why the German Navy is now almost entirely equipped with that invention. This is a story about what many military and engineering ex perts believe is the “new weapon” which, Hitler has boasted, will change the entire aspect of the Eu ropean war when it appears next spring. But this is, essentially, a story about boilers. The story properly opens 22 years ago. in 1918, when Lt. Comdr. Walter Douglas La Mont (Annapo lis. 1910) began serious experimen tation in an entirely new engineer ing field—high-pressure steam gen eration. During the previous eight years he had had wide engineering experience on every typq of naval I ^^f VOkJVt AAA V A AV OVi T AVV| A A VIAA UUWMAU | rines and torpedo boats to battleships, had been an instructor in steam engineering at the Naval Academy, repair officer of the submarine division of the Atlantic fleet, and a Navy aviator. Explosion Speeds Effort His interest in this field and his determinatibn to “do something constructive” had been intensified by an explosion of one of the old “header” type boilers, with which all American battleships were then equipped. That and his keen interest in aviation started him working on a new and radical system of high-pressure steam generation with the hope of developing a unit light enough for airplane use. In 1918 La Mont developed Just such a boiler. Tests at the naval ex perimental station in Annapolis were eminently successful, and he offered the invention to the Navy. The offer was turned down. Instead, La Mont was urged to take out patents and continue his research. He obtained the patents, but when tne war enaea me wavy nauea au experimental work^ in 1920, on three months’ leave. La Mont constructed a new type primary boiler for the Superheater Co. of East Chicago. Again the tests were successful, but La Mont's leave expired before the work could be completed. The Navy was still not interested in this tremendously sig nificant development, and La Mont was sent to the Philippines and China. In 1924, unable to make headway against the ingrown bureaucracy of the Navy Department and having been promised private financial I backing for his invention, La Mont resigned from the Navy. He and ; his backers formed the La Mont Corp. (N. Y.), installed the new type of steam generators in such commercial establishments as Consolidated Gas. Iowa Electric Light & Power (Cedar Rapids), and Campbell's Soup, | Philadelphia. {Salary Not Great The financial return to La Mont was not great—as president of the company he received $8,000 a year—but tests of the new boilers were entirely successful and it was apparent that the new invention could be adapted for use not only in automobiles and merchant and naval vessels, but in airplanes as weli. The steam generation world was on the verge of a new and exciting era. On the verge, perhaps, but at least as far as the United States was concerned no nearer. For by 1929, five years later, a great change had come over the La Mont Corp. and over the outlook for the inventor. What | caused that change—what foreign influences brought it about—is a story ' in itself. By 1929. however, La Mont—the inventor and moving spirit—had prac j tically no voice in the operation of the company (Three years later he I was to be eased out, first as president, then as vice president and dt ' rertnr * TMTnrp imnnrtant Pvn1nit.ntinn nf thp rpvnlntinnarv T.n MVmt svat.Pm in the United States had ceased. The ooilers and waterwalls which promised to revolutionize the steam power industry and naval construc tion were no longer being manufactured and installed—in the United States. Over the next few years the greatest new development in this entire field of engineering disappeared, to all intents, in the country of its origin. Germany Uses La Mont Type But not in Europe. Early in 1930. a new-type La Mont "waste heater” boiler was installed in Germany. A year later another La Mont invention, the waterwall. appeared in the same country. Within another year, the prize of the entire series of ftiventions—the La Mont high-pressure boiler— was in production there. Today not a single La Mont boiler is in operation in the United States. Today, more than 700 commercial La Mont units—more than five times all other types of forced circulation boilers in existence—are in use in Europe. Today, the American-invented La Mont boiler is in use throughout Germany—in central power plants, locomotives, ships. Today, practically the entire German Navy has adopted the La Mont boiler. Today, in a secret Hanover testing station, the Nazi government is developing a silent, high-powered, steam-driven airplane—using the basic La Mont unit! This is what President Roosevelt and Secretary of the Navy Edison are up against in their effort to modernize the United States Navy in the face of almost solid opposition from the ingrown, self-perpetuating naval bureaucracy. Chartered by Congress 1S67 A 73-year-old institution with a long record of sound banking offers complete banking and trust services, and uses the most approved up-to-date methods of operation. IVt invite new accounts, large and small. NATIONAL SAVINGS and TRUST COMPANY 15th Street and New York Avenue, N. W. MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM • MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION “= i __ j m ' Headline Folk : And What They Do 40-Year Quest for News Puts Tharaud In French Academy By LEMUEL F. PARTON. During this writer's first news paper workout in Chicago, Hans and Fritz were rotund, heavily mustached, elderly reporters cov ering the Chicago Avenue police station for the German newspaper. They looked alike, walked in step, arm-in-arm and Jointly asked the other reporters each night: "Iss it a good story yet tonight maybe?” The “front page” crowd—Hildy Johnson and Walter Burns among them—liked them and gave them what they had, and they lived a mellow, carefree and beery life. Just strolling around, always in step. One night, one of the reporters made a great stir by telephoning and whispering. The Germans were worried. But the newshawk took them aside and filled them with an excitine varn about a man who spent 20 years on a desert island, returned, looked through a window in his house on Cottage Grove ave nue, and saw his wife with a new husband and family He died, his identity was learned and they gave him a grand funeral. The next day the German paper splashed the ex clusive story of Enoch Arden, 1156 Cottage Grove avenue, all over its front page. In Paris, the brothers, Jerome and Jean Tharaud. fare better after, having been similarly lock-stepped In a 40-year quest for news. Je rome is received into the French Academy, the first reporter ever so honored, and the only reason why Jean was not also received is that the academy couldn’t split the honor and had to take one or the other. Which twin to receive, has been one of the major worries of the academy for several years and the subject of much discussion through out Europe. They are really not twins. Jerome being 66 and Jean 63. but they have been twined in everything they ever wrote, and in all the prizes they have won, which include the Gon court Prize of 1906 and the Acad emy Grand Prize in literature in 1919. . dui, uuuK.e nails ana rniz, me Frcres Tharaud know how to shake a leg and turned up many a red-hot story on Corsican bandits, war. pol itics and what not. In bestowing the honor. Georges Duhamel com mended the recipient by saying: “Thanks to men of your stamp and worth, reporting has taken its place as a type of literature, and. I mav add. literature of a most vivid and effective kind." Chest Quota Is Play Topic A play dramatizing the failure of the Washington public to fill the last Community Chest quota, “Clouds Over Washington," will be presented by a group of Washing ton Civic Theater players at the Chest's annual meeting at 8 p.m. February 5, at the United States Chamber of Commerce, it was an nounced today. I EISEMAN’S I I F STREET AT 7th I Y save ^ I 33%-40% 1 SUITS I TOPCOATS I *15 I Actual $20 and $22.50 I I Greatest values of fi ■ the season ... our B B regular stock all- M ^B wool garments dras- ^B l^B tically reduced for ^^B clearance. All sizes. Groupe No. 2. $25 and $30 SUITS TOPCOATS *1 g 75 Charge It! 4 Months to Pay Group No. 3. $30 and $35 SUITS O'COATS $2475 Charge It! 4 Months to Pay