Evening star. [volume], February 25, 1940, Page A-3, Image 3

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Fight on Finnish Loan
Restrictions Goes
To House Tuesday
Rules Committee Plans
Meeting to Consider
Right-ef-Way Move
By J. A. O’LEARY.
The effort that failed in the House
Banking Committee to make Ameri
can aid to Finland more effective,
by not restricting the loan to non
military supplies, will be renewed
when the bill is taken up for de
bate in the House Tuesday, it was
learned last night.
Meanwhile, the Rules Committee
arranged to meet at 10:30 a.m. to
morrow to consider a special rule to
give right of way to the measure,
which adds $100,000,000 to the gen
eral lending authority of the Export
Import Bank, ■with discretionary
power to allot $20,000,000 of that
amount to the Finns. As it passed
the Senate and came out of House
Committe, however, it provides that
this public credit could be used only
to purchase articles not listed as
arms or implements of war in the
President's neutrality proclamation.
Represntative Miller, Republican,
of Connecticut, announced last night
he would move on the floor to make
the $20,000,000 allotment for Fin
land more specific, and to permit
its use for anything the Finns legally
may purchase in this country, in
cluding munitions and aircraft.
Eaton Backs Objective.
Representative Eaton, Republican,
of New Jersey, also made known
he favors the same general objec
tive, and may offer one or more
amendments after he had studied
the scope of the bill as reported.
Mr. Eaton expressed the opinion
that public sentiment in this coun
try is in favor of going further to
assist the Finns in their fight for
, Independence than Congress thus
far proposes to go.
In support of this belief, the New
Jersey member revealed that some
of the letters he has received re
cently on the subject from indi
vidual citizens have inclosed checks
for small amounts, made out to
the order of the government of Fin
land, and Mr. Eaton said he had
turned them over to the representa
tive of the Finnish government here.
Only Two Changes Made.
All indications are, however, that
the House will pass the bill in sub
stantially the form in which it
came from committee. One in
fluential Democrat said amendments
beaten in committee would have
slim chance of approval on the
floor.
The committee made only two
changes in the Senate text: One to
permit the Export-Import Bank to
finance the export of commercial
airplanes; the other, to apply to
this new fund of the bank the
Johnson Act, which forbids loans to
countries in default on their past
debts to the United States.
This second amendment would not
Interfere with credit to Finland,
which has never been in default to
this country. Federal Loan Admin
istrator Jesse Jones told the House
committee the bank has not and
will not make loans in conflict with
the Johnson Act.
Commercial Aircraft Exemption.
The exemption for commercial
aircraft was adopted following testi
mony that belligerent nations would
not be interested in obtaining such
planes for the purpose of converting
them to fighting ships.
Acting Chairman Williams of
Missouri, in charge of the bill for
the Banking Committee, said he
thought two or three hours of debase
would be sufficient to ask for in the
special rule tomorrow. This limita
tion would pave the way for passage
late Tuesday.
If the two committee amendments
are adopted the bill would have to
go back to the Senate, which could
either accept the changes and send
the bill .to the White House for
signature or seek a conference with
the House.
Finland
(Continued From First Page.)
Finnish defenders on the remaining
Islands in Viipuri Bay.
Pincers Close on Viipuri.
Eastward, other divisions pressed
on against the Finnish land de
fenses between the gulf and Lake
Muola, striving to complete a pincers
action on Viipuri.
Today's communique, telling of
Russian attacks from the region of
Koivisto, was the first admission
that the invaders had entered that
strongly fortified isthmus area. It
was not made clear whether the
Red Army forces had taken Koivisto
fortress, offshore island stronghold
whose coastal artillery guns have
been turned inland to play havoc
With Russian communications.
Viipuri, once a modern town of
74,000, now is a virtual combat area,
Its buildings wrecked by shells and
its non-combatants moved away.
The Finns said these gulf and
land attacks, directed at Viipu|i
from five points, resulted in heavy
Russian losses; that six tanks and
six batteries were destroyed. But
the Finns did not, this time say
the attacks were repulsed.
Losses Placed Over 2,350.
On the Finns’ left flank, east of
Lake Muola, two Russian detach
ments of unspecified size were de
clared to have been ‘‘wholly an
nihilated” yesterday after piercing
the Finnish lines. More specific
Soviet losses were totalled up to
over 2,350, as follow^:
Salmenkaita, east of Lake Muola,
more than 1,000 dead; machine guns
and other arms left on the field.
Northeast of Lake Ladoga; ‘‘About
1,000 killed, 15 tanks destroyed.”
At Kuhmo, on the central east
ern front; “The enemy lost 350
killed.”
The day previous the Finns es
timated Russian losses at 2,800.
At the extreme eastern end of the
line, near Taipale, the Finns coun
ter-attacked and destroyed two So
viet tanks.
The announcement likewise dis
closed a rapid Russian advance up
the railway to the station of Kais
lahti, 714 miles south of Viipuri,
presumably as a result of the Fin
nish retreat to a new line of de
fenses just before Viipuri.
Kaislahti, however, is hemmed in
by islands, at least some of which
presumably are still in the hands
of Finnish defenders.
Both bombing and scouting flights
were made by the Finnish aviators.
Soviet air activity, although spo
radic over Finland’s entire length,
was not heavy yesterday. The Finns
said they shot down two, Soviet
planes. I
r
WOMEN HELP CLEAR DEBRIS AFTER BOMBING—These
two women, according to the Finnish-approved caption, are
helping clear the debris of a bomb-wrecked building after
■- ~_
a Russian air raid on a Finnish city. They wear thick mit
tens as protection against cold and the rough stones they are
handling.
AFTER THE RAIDERS PASSED—A prolonged Russian air raid
in Northern Finland left this wooden house in the splin
tered condition, according to a censored caption. “The raid
was prolonged over two days and, at the end of it, there were
numerous houses like this one, destroyed completely by Soviet
bombs,” the caption said. —A. P. Wirephotos.
A Reporter Stares Death From Sky Full in Face
(Continued From First Page.)
body jumped out and started run
ning to get through the town and
into the woods some three-quarters
of a mile away. There were a good
many Finnish soldiers and they ran,
too.
I was still under the impression
that pneumonia is likely to be more
dangerous than an air raid, so I
took time to bundle myself up
against the 15 below zero frigidity.
When I reached the wrecked farm
house on the edge of town, 40 or
more Finns were just disappearing
into a grove of spruce trees about
100 yards ahead. The grove was
near another farm house and com
pletely surrounded by broad fields
of snow.
Started Across Field.
Another half dozen Finns were
crouching under a shed beside the
wrecked house to my right. I looked
back above the town and could see
no planes, so I started across the
field. Just then a Finnish soldier
yelled at me and pointed up in the
air in the direction I had chosen.
I looked up quickly. It seemed
as if the sky was full of airplanes—
long rows of beautifully stream
lined bombers. They were coming
out of the northeast and were
headed directly toward us.
They were terribly near, too.
Should I rush under the shed?
I hated being near a house with
bombs coming down—especially after
what we had seen in the town that
morning. Should I run for the
grove? In 3 feet of snow I knew
I could never cover that 100 yards
in time, besides I would only tip off
the bombers above to the fact that
people were hiding there.
There was only one other choice
and no time to lose. I threw my
self down into the deep snow of the
broad, solitary field. Already this
field was marked by two bomb cra
ters where bombs had spewed up
the frozen earth last evening. Provi
dentially, my legs, with their pale
blue ski pants, sank far into the
snow. Thank God, I thought, for
your white coat and hat. Maybe
they haven’t seen you.
Then I rolled sideways and looked
up again. Yes. the bombers were still
coming and straight towards where
I lay, in line with the wrecked farm
house—around which the Russians
had planted four bombs the last
time they came. How many were
they? Nine in one squadron and
then eight—yes, only eight—in the
other. But that makes 17 planes,
and 17 bi-motors can carry an awful
lot of bombs.
I remember too well my thoughts
as I lay there with my pulses pound
ing and my eyes fixed with a fearful
fascination on those hideously beau
tiful shapes in the sky. You are
trapped, you fool. You can’t do
anything but to keep lying here and
keep still. They are almost directly
over you now. Watch them—watch
beneath them. Will they drop the
bombs now? Will the first planes
wait Just a few more seconds? If
they don’t, it looks like you’re done
for. Will they wait—oh, God. Here
they come!
Tour or five tiny silver bullets
I
sliding out from under the Russian
bombers. Bullets shining in the sun.
Coming down and down, directly
down toward me. Now it happens,
now there is no power on earth that
can save you. Now you've got to
take it. You wondered if you could.
Oh, but why do they come so fast?
15 More Bombers Appear.
Then within the orbit of my eye
sight behind the dropping silver
ovals, I saw more planes and yet
more planes speeding in the wake
of the others. Six—12—15 more
bombers. Fifteen and 17—how many
does that make? Never mind, never
mind. Enough to wipe me off the
face of the earth. Never mind count
ing. The bombs are coming—where
are the bombs? My thoughts raced
wildly, a hundred times faster than
I could have thought.
Yes, there they are. They are
much bigger and nearer now. And
they are coming straight at you.
There is no escape. You can’t dodge
it . . . Oh, God, don’t let them get
me. I want to live. I’ve got so much
to do yet. Don’t let them
But it's too late. They are ter
ribly close. In a few seconds it will
be over. You will know in two or
three seconds—or you will never
know. Dig into the snow!
I couldn’t stand it to look at them
any longer. There would be shrap
nel, if not worse. I thrust my face
and body into the snow. I am sure I
must have closed my eyes. If the
knife of a guillotine had been drop
ping toward my neck, I could not
have felt nearer death’s door. And
with my hands tied. I held my
breath, clenched my fists. Any mo
ment would bring the end—of this
paralyzing suspense, or of me.
Feels Terrific Concussion.
Then thunder and lightning tore
across the field on which I lay. The
earth shuddered beneath me and my
body shuddered with it. A terrific
concussion shook me, as a dog shakes
a rat. But then came another—
and a third—and a fourth. Wham
roar! Wham-roar! Again and again
the earth convulsed beneath me
until I lost all count. The detona
tions followed each other too closely.
Then came silence. I felt nothing
had touched me. I was still alive.
•But. the other bombers? Where
were they? I rolled over and looked
straight up again. Yes, there they
were—the other 15—and now they,
too, were directly above me, right
where the first 17 had been. Oh,
God, will they drop them, too? Will
they let them go now? Don’t drop
them now, you devils. Please wait
just a few seconds. I don’t want to
die yet. Hurry, fly faster! Please—!
Yes, they were going over—they
had gone over . . . thanks to the
Deity, or the destiny . . . yes, they
were flying now to the town.
I thanked God on the flat of my
back in the snow. The roar of ex
ploding bombs continued, but they
seemed suddenly far away and un
important. Nothing in these few
seconds had been important but the
bombs and myself. It was sheer
egotism; the instinct and the will
to live struggling with the fear, al
most the certainty, of death. Yes,
the bombers had gone by—but I
couldn't stay here waiting for their
return.
Passed New Bomb Holes.
I jumped up and stared after the
Russian planes again as if I couldn't
believe what my eyes had already
told me. Then I turned and ran
floundering and stumbling for the
grove of spruce. As I ran I saw the
new black bomb holes—but I kept
running until I found myself be
neath the protecting green branches,
where several dozen men were
I stretched flat upon the ground.
; Wade Werner was here, too. Every
thing was all right.
Soon every one seemed of one
mind, that we should get out of
there and into the real woods, an
other quarter of a mile away. After
all, the first bomb had struck the
field just about half way between
Wade and the others in the grove
and myself in the snow. We ran
and stumbled until we reached the
wood. Then the recall sounded and
we started back to our train.
I stopped by the bomb hole. It
was more than 10 feet deep and 25
feet wide — the work of a 200
pounder. For a circumference of
30 yards the snow was blackened
and the small holes made by
shrapnel extended much farther be
yond, though I heard no whistling
of the shrapnel. Sinking in the
snow up to my knees, I paced off the
distance from the bomb hole to
the pathetic little sink my body
had made where I threw myself
down. I counted 71 steps and in
the snow it was impossible for me
to step more than 2 feet at a time—
so the bomb had exploded about 50
yards from where I lay. If I had
tried to run to the grove—well, I
should have just about reached the
bull’s-eye for the bomb.
Shrapnel Hit Car.
From the grove we had seen angry
red flames in great columns of black
smoke rising to the sky from a group
of houses in the town. Now, to our
right and near the railroad track,
we saw other houses burning. The
coach in which we had left our bags
was intact, but a bomb had gone
clean through a freight car Just two
tracks away and shrapnel had
passed through the front window of
our car.
But we didn’t stay there. The
engines whistled madly again. This
time there was only one plane, but it
was cruising toward us. And this
time there was no loitering on my
side. We hurried out of the freight
car, slipped down the western em
bankment and, by great luck, found
a deep culvert offering a shelter. It
was probably the safest place in
town. These we huddled for two
more hours and heard bombs ex
ploding first rather near and then
some miles away.
The village of B had taken a cruel
CLASSES STARTING MARCH lit
SPANISH
fkm—ienm
The Berlitt Method U available ONLY at
punishment. Yes, we were told that
only one person was seriously in
jured and the only fatality of the
previous night's five raids had been
an elderly man who died of a heart
attack. In all these mad hours of
the bombing we never saw one Finn
who looked afraid—apparently I, for
a few endless minutes, had been the
only Godly frightened person,
though Wade insisted afterward
that he should be counted in, too.
But the Finns all maintained an
unshaken calm. I never saw or
heard one expression of bitterness
or hatred, and I do not know how
any people can be capable of such
restraint.
Snowstorm Is Welcome.
Back in our coach once more, we
prayed that the engine would hook
on and get going at once. It didn’t
do so for more than an hour. But
a thin, driving snowstorm set in and
drew a God-given curtain across the
slate-colored, death-dealing sky.
Never before had I been so glad to
be alive nor so grateful to see it
snow.
I don’t like war reporting in the
first person singular if it can be
avoided. Unfortunately, when all
alone in a field of snow, with the
bombs coming straight down, a hu
man being feels very acutely in
the first person singular. When you
look into either oblivion or eternity
you look alone.
Even so, this incident is not re
ported here because it happened to
me, nor because I am in any way
proud of having discovered how
scared I can be and how much I
abhor death. Rather this experi
ence has been told because there is
nothing very exceptional about it in
the world in which we live; because
it is happening daily to thousands
of Finnish civilians and because
it may be happening tomorrow to
tens of thousands of Europeans. Be
cause, conceivably, it may one day
happen to you.
Once, in Geneva years ago, I
heard Aristide Briand, the French
statesman, describe war as “inhuman
and barbarous.” This brief inci
dent, multiplied hundreds of thou
sands of times, is part of what makes
modem war the ghastly, unthink
able and unbelievable barbarity it
is. One cannot become a helpless
rat beneath a deluge of man-willed
"death’s eggs” without pondering the
meaning of this super-era of so
called progress—this exclusive in
auguration of the age of the rat.
Perhaps you, too, have wondered
what it is like to look a falling
bomb in the face. I hope you never
do, except vicariously. As for me, I
promise I will never do it again—not
if I can help it.
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KITTS
UNOttNt
Allies' Confidence
In Italy Shown by
Troop Dispositions
Maj. Eliot Says France
Has Weakened Forces
To Put Men in Syria
By MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.
Last week we discussed the naval
situation in the Mediterranean,
pointing out the evidences of al
most complete British naval with
drawal, for the moment at any
rate, from that theater and of
French naval concentration in the
eastern part thereof, despite the
approaching completion of the new
Italian battleships, this seeming to
indicate little, if any, anxiety on
the part of the allies as to Italy's
future attitude. The disposition of
land forces in this theater of pros
pective operations is not less in
teresting.
The most reliable estimates of the
strength of the French forces in
Syria seems to place them in the
vicinity of 250.000. Included in these
are not only French troops (whether
of the “metropolitan” or colonial
army is not stated), but also Al
gerian, Moroccan, Tunisian, Sene
galese, Indo-Chinese and Malagasy
(Madagascar) units, as well as local
Syrian forces and units of the fa
mous Foreign Legion. It becomes
pertinent to inquire—where have
these troops come from?
Normally, the French Army main
tains in France certain units called
the “mobile force,” available for
immediate service in any part of the
French colonial empire. These
amount to four or five divisions,
partly French, partly native. The
garrison of North Africa, brought
to war strength, would include 32
infantry regiments, 5 tank bat
talions 6'4 field artillery regiments
and 11 cavalry regiments—say 125,
000 men, divided between Morocco,
Algeria and Tunis in proportions of
about 2—2—1. Some increase could
be obtained by calling up the re
servists of the locally recruited
units.
Limit of Safety Reached.
Algeria is usually considered a part
of France, and acts as a reserve
area for Morocco and Tunis. The
normal expectation of reinforce
ments for France from the army of
North Africa amounts to six divisions
and two cavalry divisions—say 100,
000 men, plus 25,000 corps and army
troops. Perhaps 50,000 of these would
be French or native reservists, mak
ing a withdrawal from the peace
time garrison which would reduce
it to 50.000. This is certainly the
limit of safety, having regard to
internal conditions, the administra
tion of the military territories, and
the need for maintaining a watch
on possible hostile manifestations in
Spanish Morocco and a minimum
garrison for the powerful fortifica
tion of the Mareth Line, guarding
the Tunisian-Libyan frontier.
The total immediate contribution,
at war strength, of Madagascar to
the French expeditionary force
could not be more than 6,000 men,
which would denude Madagascar
entirely of mobile troops. It is ex
tremely unlikely that under present
conditions in the Far East any
heavy withdrawal from the garrison
of Indo-China could be considered
—10,000 men would probably be the
maximum. Finally, the normal gar
rison of Syria, brought to war
strength, would not exceed (includ
ing the locally recruited units) 23,
000 men.
we thus gain a pretty good idea
of the probable composition of Gen.
Weygand’s army: The mobile force
from Prance, say five divisions plus
corps and army troops—100,000; the
North African contribution, a maxi
mum of 125,000, and from Syria,
Madagascar and Indo-China, say
40.000 all told. Total, 265,000 (say
12 or 13 divisions and 2 or 3 cav
alry divisions).
Italian Garrison Unreduced.
But in order to obtain this total
the garrison of North Africa must
have been reduced to a minimum
while there is nothing to indicate
that the Italians have reduced their
establishment in Libya from the
200.000 reported there last summer.
Moreover, both as to the usual North
African reserve in Algeria and the
mobile force in Prance (the first
reinforcement for North Africa in
eas eof need), these forces have evi
dently been called on for Syrian
contributions to something ap
proaching the total of their ef
festiveness.
Surely this is an additional proof
that the aUies have set aside anxiety
as to Italy entering the lists against
them. No doubt, in case of need, the
Mareth Line might be expected to
hold for a time, until reinforcements
could arrive from Prance; but now
these reinforcements would have to
consist of metropolitan troops, un
used to African conditions, and the
need for their presence in Africa
might arise at a moment when their
withdrawal from Europe would be
embarrassing if not impossible.
Moreover, the new naval disposition
in the Mediterranean might render
extremely difficult the reinforcement,
as against a hostile Italy, of North
Africa from Prance.
We do not desire to labor this
point unduly, but on purely military
grounds it certainly appears that the
allies have good reason to believe
that Italy will not presently become
their enemy; reasons so good that
upon them the allied governments
are ready to assume very consider
able military risks.
Indeed the whole question of the
“new front” in the Balkans and
Near East must be considered in
the light of allied-Italian relations,
for the Italian Navy can cut the
main line of communications of the
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was left to him by his foster
father, v/ho inherited the for
tune from a foster mother.
—A. P. Wirephoto.
Middle Eastern forces, at the nar
rows of the Mediterranean, if Rome
so desires, and only a tremendous
naval effort, involving British as
well as French forces, could reopen
it, assuming any reasonable amount
of efficiency on the part of the Ital
ians. Of course the allied high
command may regard the Italian
forces as being of little account.
This opinion has been fairly gener
ally expressed in both British and
French military and naval circles.
But even so a nation possessing more
than 100 submarines and 1.800 air
planes (largely seaplanes and flying
boats) is not to be lightly brushed
aside as a naval factor in narrow
waters such as the passage between
Sicily and Tunis.
Italy Active in Balkans.
Moreover, Italian influence is
strong and very active in the Bal
kans, particularly in Yugoslavia
and Hungary, and any Balkan "neu
tral bloc” or pro-allied bloc which
failed to include at least Yugo
slavia, would not have much pros
pect of a useful future from the
allied point of view. Also, in case
of a great allied military effort based
on Egypt and Syria, against either
the Russian Caucasus or through
Turkey into the Balkans, a hostile
Italy could effect most embarrassing
diversions not only on the Egyptian
Libyan frontier, but from Ethiopia
against the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
or British East Africa. While
Ethiopia is hardly a reliable base
for extensive military operations,
this danger is not one to be disre
garded, unless we come back to the
theory, supported by so much evi
dence, that the allies are not worry
ing about Rome’s attitude—for good
and sufficient reasons of their own.
What those reasons are may re
main in the realm of present con
jecture, without affecting the mili
tary results which they have al
ready produced, and may further
produce within the foreseeable fu
ture. The spectacle of the allies
calmly proceeding with military and
naval arrangements in the Mediter
ranean which resemble those they
might make did Italy not exist as a
military power at all, must be giving
rise to certain heart-searchings in
Berlin. Possibly some of the fruits
of the German-Russian alliance may
not prove pleasant in the eating.
.(Copyritht, 1840, by New York Tribune.
Inc.) j
Chamberlain
(Continued From First Page.)
fjord to free 299 British captives
from'a German prison ship said:
“A neutral must not complain”
if Britain "commits a mere techni
cal breach of neutrality, talcing
no neutral life and touching no
neutral property” in freeing men
"illegally made prisoners.”
Mr. Chamberlain repli^to a vote
of thanks from his audBnce with
the words:
"Ladies and gentlemen: I am still
young. Time is before me. I hope
that even yet I may have the chance
of putting my energies into the
work of peace.”
In elaborating on the aims in the
war against Germany, Mr. Cham
berlain declared:
"In what I have put forward as
our aims there is nothing humiliat
ing or oppressive for anybody and
on such a basis we, for our part,
should be ready to seek a settlement
with any government that had sub
scribed to those aims and given proof
of their sincerity.
“But • • * the next step does
not lie with us. We are resolved
that freedom shall prevail and
• • • until we are satisfied that
freedom is safe we shall continue to
do battle with all our soul and all
of our strength and of the strength
of the whole empire.”
The Prime Minister’s demand for
restoration of independence of Poles
and Czechs as a primary requisite
of peace was echoed in an address
by Sir Archibald Sinclair, leader of
the Liberal opposition in the House
of Commons, who also asserted
"every nerve must be strained to
help the Finns.”
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EXAMINATIONS PERSONALLY BY
DR. SHAH
New Trade Accord
Is Signed by Italy
And Turkey
Agreement With Germany
Revising 1934 Pact
Also Reported
Br the Associated Press.
ROME. Feb. 24.—Italy signed a
new trade pact with Turkey today,
while another agreement was re
ported by informed sources to have
been completed between Italy and
Germany revising their 1934 com
mercial accord to cope with wartime
conditions.
One communique said an Italian
Turkish commission completed its
work of “determining the exchange
between the two countries for the
current year” and that a protocol
had been signed by Senator Amadeo
Giannini of the Italian foreign min
istry and Turkish Ambassador
Huseyin.
Closer Relations Seen.
A usually well-informed Italian
source said it was believed the action
would bring the countries closer to
gether.
Authoritative informants said the
revised pact between Germany and
Italy was signed by Dr. Karl Clodius,
German economic plenipotentiary,
and Giannini.
A second communique, however,
said merely that the German-Italian
mixed commision met "to determine
commercial exchange between the
two countries for the current year.”
Other Problems Examined.
"Also examined were other eco
nomic and financial problems which
interest the two countries and in
which solid collaboration was con
tinued,” it added. "II Duce followed
the discussions and intervened per
sonally to impart some instructions.”
This statement said a convention
for frontier traffic also had been
signed by Germany and Italy.
An informed German source said
the pact probably would lead to in
creased commercial exchanges be
tween the two countries, but that
further discussions likely would ba
held on that matter.
Expert Scouts Farmers'
Fears of Imports
By the Associated Press.
DES MOINES, Iowa, Feb. 24.—A
Latin American specialist tonight
told the National Farm Institute
that "some of us think our bill of
rights is in jeopardy if a steer or a
bushel of wheat penetrates our tariff
wall.”
Discussing Latin American compe
tition with the Midwest farmer, Prof.
James F. Rippy of the University of
Chicago, in a prepared address, said:
"We first of all should try to dis
cover how much we could increase
our sales of meat and bread to the
Detroit area, if that area could ex
pand its sales of automobiles to the
Argentine and Uruguay.”
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