Evening star. [volume], May 21, 1940, Page A-3, Image 3

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Invasion Threat Spurs British to Strengthen Home Defenses
1
Foe Can Be Halted
By Preparedness,
Beaverbrook Says
Supply Minister Will
Broadcast Appeal
To Rush Production
By the Associated Press.
LONDON. May 21.—British home
defenses were pressed at “war speed"
today as the German lightning drive
toward France’s north coast brought
* steadily nearer the double threat
of air attack and actual Nazi in
vasion.
“Invasion of Britain is perfectly
feasible,” declared the Daily Ex
press, published by Lord Beaver
brook, Minister of Aircraft Produc
tion. “But it cannot be successful
’ if we are prepared.”
Col. J. J. Llewellin. parliamentary
secretary of the Ministry of Aircraft
Production, said production of war
planes had been hampered to some
extent—but not seriously—by calling
to the colors of skilled workmen.
He said steps to protect this vital
industry against the inroads of con
scription were considered.
Price Controls Arranged.
A Food Ministry spokesman told
the House of Commons that price
controls and greater imports of food
were being arranged.
Public clamor echoed Prime Min
ister Churchill’s demand Sunday
that “we must have quickly more
tanks, more airplanes, more shells
and more guns” as reports indicate
a lack of material had caused re
peated withdrawals in the vast "de
fensive battle" in France.
Supply Minister Herbert Morrison
Is to broadcast a “call to arms” to
morrow, urging the nation to mo
bilize its industrial man power and
drop internal quarrels to speed sup
ply output.
Britons found some cheer in the
Germans’ wastage of airplanes and
trained crews at a ratio Mr.
Churchill placed at “three or four
to one,” but it was recognized that
this was not a decisive factor in the
attempt to break the Nazi spear
head.
Lord Beaverbrook's newspaper
warned that British sea power, with
out air parity, could not resist an
invasion of the British Isles “with
absolute certainty.”
Compared With Norway's Plight.
It compared Britain's plight with
that of Norway, should the Ger
mans reach the channel, and paint
ed this picture:
“Ii Hitler conquers the French
coast his planes could escort troop
ships and drop a curtain of bombs to
screen a point of landing.
“Land batteries could cover the
channel. A sea passage for trans
ports might be mined on both!
sides. • * *
“Hitler landed troops in Norway's
western ports by detoy, which de
ceived the British Navy.
“The lesson of Norway is this:
Invasion of Britain is perfectly feas
ible. But it cannot be successful if I
we are prepared.”
Defense
(Continued From First Page.)
can be sold and delivered without
imperiling' our national defense,
provided that the governments to
which such aircraft, aircraft parts
or equipment are sold and delivered
agree to assign if, as, and to the
extent requested by the President,
any and all contracts that they may !
have with manufacturers in the j
United States for aircraft, aircraft:
parts or equipment.”
Opening debate on the $1,820,000,
000 Army supply bill, Senator
Thomas, Democrat, of Oklahoma,
said the Appropriations Committee
found that even the additional $545,
000.000 being given the Army as part
of the President's defense message,
would not bring the military estab
lishment up to the status Army offi
cials believe essential. For that rea
son, he said the committee went
further by adding $50,000,000 to the
President's figures to bring the en
listed strength up to the full peace
time limit of 280,000, by enrolling
63,000 volunteers.
Would Remove Restrictions.
Meanwhile, it was forecast that
the House Military Committee would
vote to remove, for a prescribed pe
riod, all limits on the number of
planes the Army may procure.
T\ls action, committeemen said,
Would be in line with President
Roosevelt's proposal for a 50,000
plane Army and Navy air force.
The Army has asked only that the
Air Corps’ present limit of 6,000
planes be raised to 10,000.
But committee members said
that in view of President Roose
velt’s recommendation and because
of the uncertainty of world condi
tions, the Army should not be ham
pered by legislative restrictions.
The committee was closeted with
War Department officials for almost
two hours today. Members said it
had approved tentatively a provision
to permit the Army to discharge
civilian employes suspected of sub
versive activities, without regard to
civil service requirements.
Meanwhile, Chairman Walsh of
the Senate Naval Committee an
nounced he expects early Senate ac
tion on the Vinson naval expansion
bill, already passed by the House.
This measure is merely the basic
authorization to guide the Appro
priations Committee in making the
annual allotment of funds.
Actual appropriations for the Navy
are in charge of the subcommittee
headed by Chairman Byrnes of
South Carolina, who called Admiral
Stark, chief of naval operations, as
the first witness this morning to
outline how enlargement of the Navy
can be speeded up by the additional
money asked for by the President.
Meanwhile there were signs that
the administration was reconsider
ing its decision to defer the question
of extraordinary defense financing
until the next session of Congress.
Indications were that Congress soon
might receive a request to increase
the $45,000,000,000 Federal debt limit
—possibly by $1,000,000,000. The debt
row is approaching $43,000,000,000.
Major Problem in January.
The alternative of new taxes at
the present session was largely dis
counted, because of the desire for
adjournment in advance of the na
tional political conventions. Law
makers were agreed, however, that
the revenue problem would be a
A
THEIR FIGHTING OVER FOR A WHILE—German prisoners,
taken in western front battles by the French Army, shown in
this picture, radioed from Paris to New York, as they arrived in
a prison camp “somewhere ip France.” ^A. P. Wirephoto.
major issue when the new Congress
meets in January.
The question of financing the
preparedness program was raised in
the House by Republican Leader
Martin. Democratic Leader Ray
burn replied that the administration
was giving "serious consideration”
to the problem, and predicted the
people would be "pleased” with the
solution. In a few days he said he
expected to have more knowledge
on the President's recommendations.
Of the $318,000,000 being consid
ered for the Navy at today’s execu
tive session, $250,000,000 would be
made available to the Secretary of
the Navy to move faster on the pro
gram already authorized. It is ex
pected $100,000,000 would be used
to hasten completion of ships under
way, $100,000,000 to buy more au
thorized planes and $50,000,000 for
guns and munitions.
$68,000,000 Check for President.
The remaining $68,000,000 is the
discretionary fund to be placed in
the President's hands, for use where
most needed in promoting national
security while Congress is in recess.
Half of it—$34.000,000—would be
cash and the other half contract
authorization.
The Army bill now before the
Senate would give the President a
corresponding lump sum fund of
$132,000,000 to be used as he deems
best in strengthening land defenses.
The President indicated in his mes
sage last week he expects to use the
bulk of this money to build up air
defenses, which the present Euro
pean war has shown to be the driv
ing power of present-day fighting
tecehnique.
These presidential lump sums seem
likely to provoke the only major
controversy over the defense pro
gram in the Senate, but indications
are the opposition will not succeed
in eliminating them.
The defense drive had gained such
momentum today that Majority
Leader Barkley was optimistic over
the chances of winding up the ses
sion before the middle of June, as
planned before the trend of the war
in Europe prompted the adminis
tration to put forward the new pro
gram.
Both passed by House.
The enlarged naval bill may be
ready to come from committee by
the time the Senate passes the Army
measure. Both measures have passed
the House, so that Senate action
will send them to conference.
Before the trend of the war began
to go against the democracies in
Europe, the Army and Navy funds
for the year commencing July 1 had
been cut sharply below budget esti
mates as the two bills went through
the House originally. The new esti
mates now being considered as a
result -of the President’s personal
appeal at last week’s joint session
will offset those reductions and add
considerably more.
The House showed its willingness
to expedite the new program when
it agreed late yesterday to the Sen
ate's request for reopening of the
original naval bill, which had al
ready passed both houses and gone
to conference. If this had not
besen done the House Apprpriations
Committee would have had to bring
out a new bill to carry the added
funds for the Navy, a course that
would have delayed action for a
week or more.
Act After Hearing Stark.
Instead the House Subcommittee
on Deficiencies, after conferring in
formally all day yesterday with
Admiral Stark, recommended that
the House return the original Navy
bill to the Senate for inclusion of
the presidential increases.
High lights of the big Army bill,
to which the President’s program
resulted in adding $596,000,000 to the
original 1941 estimates, include: A
proposed total increase in the num
ber of Army planes from 5,666 to
8,066, increase of 53,000 in the en
listed strength of the Army, bringing
it up to the full peacetime authori
zation of 280,000; sharp expansion
of the motorized equipment, such
as tanks, combat cars, anti-aircraft
and anti-tank weapons, and a $14,
250,000 fund for educational orders,
to prepare peacetime industries for
the changes necessary to swing
over to wartime production in the
event of emergency.
Masaryk Says U. S.
Is Not Out of War
Er the Associated Press.
LONDON, May 21.—Jan Masaryk.
former Czecho-Slovak Minister to
London, told the American Chamber
of Commerce today that, “while
Americans are not in the war, they
certainly are not out of it.”
"We must realize,” Masaryk said,
“there is no stopping this aggression
unless we pool together to do it.”
Berlin
(Continued From P“irst Page.)
a day, while on some days there
have been break-throughs of as
much as 45 miles.
“In the German drive on Amiens,
French and Belgian troops fought
bravely,” an authorized source said,
“but Iheir technical equipment was
no match for the German Army.
“We recognize that the French
are bending every effort, psycho
logically and militarily to stave off
—in vain, however—the German ad
vance. ft
“It is a tragic collapse of the time
honored French democratic system.”
The high command called the
swift advance northward to the
Channel “the biggest attacking op
eration of all time.”
“The 9th French Army, wnich was
on the Meuse between Namur and
Sedan to hold and maintain connec
tion between strong enemy opera
tion groups in Belgium and the
Maginot Line south of Sedan,” it
said, “has been crushed and is
about to be dissolved.”
It said that “Gen. Giraud, hitherto
commander of the 7 th French
Army, who assumed command over
the 9th Army,” had been captured
with his army staff.
(This may refer to Qen. Henri
Honore Giraud, whom British
sources Saturday identified as
commanding “groups of armies”
in the “battle of the bulge” in
Northern France, attempting to
roll back the Nazi tide.)
The drive toward the coast was
the spearpoini of a general German
advance which widened the pocket
in Northern France and pushed for
ward the conquest of Belgium.
On the southern boundary of the
bulge, the high command said, Ger
man forces have overcome the last
French resistance in Rethel, have
captured Laon and pushed on to the
Aisne-Oise Canal over the Chemin
des Dames, famous World War
battlefield.
Attack Last of Ghent.
In Belgium, it said, the Ger
mans attacked east of Ghent and
farther south on the Scheldt River
and blocked "enemy attempts to
force a way out southward from
Valenciennes ”
The German progress was so swift
that the communique described Nazi
forces as "crowding toward the
Channel coast all the French and
Belgian armies still to be found
north of the Somme.”
"German divisions flow into the
breach forced by the German
thrust,” it said. “German armored
cars and motorized troops at their
head took Arras, Amiens and Abbe
ville.”
The German advance from St.
Quentin forked westward to Ab
beville, about 63 miles west of St.
Quentin and northwestward to Ar
ras, about 38 miles beyond St.
Quentin.
The high command also reported
heavy naval blows during air opera
tions in which, it said, it lost only
15 planes to 47 lost by the allies.
It said German flyers had: .
Sunk—Six transports and a tank
er, totaling 43,000 tons, before dawn
today in the Straits of Dover.
Severely damaged—Four addi
tional ships of about 13,000 tons, a
French destroyer, the French Navy
tanker Niger of 5,482 tons, the
French freighter Pavon and two
additional freighters.
A battleship, probably of the 20,150
ton Resolution class, was hit twice
near the forward turrets and a heavy
cruiser also hit with heavy bombs
yesterday off Narvik, Norway, the
high command reported in a special
communique.
The class, which the British call
the Royal Sovereign class, was com
posed of five dreadnaughts each of
29,150 tons, with normal comple
ments of about 1,100 officers and
men.
Paris
(Continued From First Page.)
River was easy to defend because
of the way it winds and because of
the woods which are about it,” M.
Reynaud said, adding that it is
“Just because of these things that
it is difficult to defend.”
Defense also was difficult, he con
tinued, because of “faults which will
be punished,” and went on amid
cheers to explain that bridge* across
the Meuse had not been demol
ished.
“When I took over the war office”
. . . the Senators interrupted with
loud cries of “Finally!" ... that was
the situation,” M. Reynaud said.
"We must take Immediate deci
sions,’’ he declared. “This is not
i
the first trial we have met and sur
passed.
"But we will reply to the
enemyu—but this only if each
soldier realizes his enormous task
and the millions of sons of Prance
realize their future is at stake.
Lauds Weygand, Petain.
"Two of these sons can be proud
they came forward to serve the
country. I speak of Gen. Weygand
and Marshal Petain.
"Petain. the winner of Verdun,
and Weygand, the man of Foch who
stopped the Germans in 1918!
“Weygand is on the field of battle
today.
"Between Petain and Weygand
and myself there is complete ac
cord.”
Over last week end M. Reynaud
appointed Gen. Maxime Weygand
to replace Gen. Maurice Gustave
Gamelin as the allied commander in
chief and brought Marshal Philippe
Petain, Prance’s first Ambassador to
Nationalist Spain, into the war cab
inet as Vice Premier. •
"France cannot die!” M. Reynaud
shouted. "If a miracle is needed to
save Prance, I believe in miracles,
because I believe in Prance!”
As he Concluded, M. Reynaud told
the Senators:
“There you are. gentlemen. 1 have
told you the truth, because it alone
can save the fatherland."
He praised the “admirable” British
air force and "the full aid Great
Britain has offered."
“These two great peoples (Prance
and Britain) are united,” he said.
"France cannot die.”
Indicts War Department.
M. Reynaud bluntly indicted the
manner in which the War Depart
ment directed operations before he
took it over.
Speaking of "incredible faults,” he
cited as an example that a reduced
number of French divisions was
thinned out along the Meuse River
because it had been considered in
itself a “redoubtable obstacle.”
rrencn envisions, ‘badly en
trenched and badly trained to bear
such attacks,” were forced to combat
the mighty thrust of the German
armored divisions because bridges
were not blown up, M. Reynaud
cried.
“You understand now the disaster,
the total disorganization of the
Corap Army!”
62-Mile-Wide Break.
This, in detail, was the situation
M. Reynaud said he found when he
went to the War Ministry with
Marshal Petain and Gen. Weygand
to take over yesterday from M.
Daladier:
"A brach 110 kilometers (62 miles!
wide has been opened. Into that
breach surged a Germany Army
made up of armored divisions, fol
lowed by motorized divisions, which,
after having opened a large pocket
in the direction of Parip, launched
out to the west toward the sea.
“They were thus taking in the
rear our entire fortified system
along the Prench-Belgian frontier
and menacing the allied forces still
engaged in Belgium who were not
given the order to retreat until the
evening of May 15.
“The day before yesterday, an
armored division had reached the
line of Quesnoy-Cambrai-Peronne
and the Somme River to Hamm.
“For the last 48 hours, the Ger
man advance has continued.
“Ttiis morning at 8 o’clock the
high command informed me that
Arras and Amiens were occupied.”
Laon Also Lost.
The French announced withdraw
al from Laon, straightening out the
southern end of the line around the
Nazi “bulge” into France, and de
clared the Germans were meeting
furious resistance in their drive
toward the English Channel.
A War Ministry spokesman said
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that in a still confused situation the
indications were that the Germans'
western drive had been slowed up.
Heavy fighting continued north
west of Laon.
The southern end of the German
pocket in France, the French spokes
man said, now runs 35 miles along
an almost straight line just north of
the Aisne River, a natural barrier
to hinder a further advance south
toward Paris.
Naval
_(Continued From First Page.)
40 hours. It also would vest dis
cretion in the President to lift the
48-hour limit, with overtime pay, if
he finds a national emergency to
justify it.
Authorize the President to suspend
application of the Walsh-Healy Act
where he finds it prejudicial to the
defense program. This act applies
only to private concerns holding
Government contracts, and enables
the Secretary of Labor to prescribe
the working conditions.
Civil Service Amendments.
The committee also adopted ten
tatively two civil service amend
ments. One provides that whenever
the Secretary of the Navy finds sub
versive influences in navy yards, he
may order dismissals without filing
charges.
The other amends the retirement
law to permit retired experts in navy
yards or the Navy Department to re
turn to work, resuming their pay
roll contributions to the retirement
fund. When the emergency is over,
they could either withdraw these
new contributions with interest or
use them to obtain a higher retire
ment annuity.
The House bill also contains pro
visions designed to speed ship con
struction and repair by permitting
contracts without competitive bid
ding under certain conditions and
making other changes in the laws
governing payments to contractors.
Union “Will Go Along.”
N. P. Alifas, president of District
No. 44, International Association of
Machinists, representing many navy
yard workers, said today his or
ganization is “going along” with the
section lengthening the hours in
Government yards for the period of
emergency.
“We are not asking for overtime,”
said Mr. Alifas, "and would rather
see more men put on, but if skilled
men cannot be found quickly enough
we agree to changing the hours, with
overtime.”
The hour amendment is necessary
primarily because of the eight-hour
law of 1892, which provides that me
chanical groups in the Government
cannot exceed that limit except in
time of extraordinary emergency,
the definition of which would not
fit the present situation.
Asked to the White House
meeting were Chairman Walsb
of the Senate committee, Chair
man Vinson of the House com
mittee, Admiral ’ Harold R. Stark,
chief of naval operations; Rear Ad
miral John H. Towers, chief of the
Navy Aeronautics Bureau, and Rear
Admiral Ben Morell, chief of the
Bureau of Yards and Docks.
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Full Credit Pledged
To Industry by U. S.
In Defense Drive
Ample Capital Reported
Available to Finance
Warplane Program
Br the Associated Press.
The Government pledged full
credit backing today to American
industry enlisting in the national
defense drive, while administration
leaders tackled the jdb of financing
the huge preparedness program.
As Congress forged ahead with
legislation that would give the in
dustrial machine the "go-ahead" to
turn dollars into tanks, warplanes
and fighting ships, Jesse Jones, Fed
eral loan administrator, assured
businessmen the R. F. C.’s extensive
resources were virtually at the com
mand of industries which required
capital for production expansion
necessary to handle defense orders.
Calling on the country’s banks to
furnish “the fullest co-operation,”
Mr. Jones said late yesterday that
the R. F. C. stood ready either to
take up 75 per cent of loans secured
in Connection with the defense pro
gram, or to underwrite them up to
that amount, leaving the banks to
carry the other 25 per cent.
Contrary to original expectations,
the R. F. C. offer of credit help on
defense orders appeared most likely
to benefit small business.
Capital Declared Ample.
The aircraft industry, key unit in
preparedness plans, served notice
that it had ample capital to finance
the expansion necessary to step up
plane production to the annual mark
of 50,0000, as recommended by Mr.
Roosevelt.
The belief at first was that avia
tion would require considerable help,
and Government plans already were
being drafted to make it available.
The steel and oil industries have in
dicated that they can speed up to
meet any demands, and the same is
believed true of the automotive
plants.
Aircraft received a lion's share of
yesterday's discussions here. The
meeting of more than 100 leaders in
the aviation industry with Govern
ment officials produced the assur
ance that sufficient capital and
skilled labor was available to expand
production to 50,000 planes a year.
Military chieftains urged the in
dustry to realize that goal “as quick
ly, as efficiently and as cheaply as
possible.”
Other Developments.
Other air defense developments
were:
1. Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold.
Army Air Corps chief, told the
House Military Committee that a
50.000 plane force would cost more
than $3,500,000,000 to build.
2. Gen. Arnold also disclosed plans
for four new pilot-training cen
ters. to handle 1,200 fledglings an
nually.
3. Gen. George C. Marshall. Army
chief of staff, sasid the Army’s im
mediate aim was an air arm of
10.000 planes. Its present legal lim
it is 6,000.
4. President Roosevelt asked Con
gress to vote $2,000,000 for a new
airplane engine research laboratory.
5. Gill Robb Wilson, president of
the National Aeronautical Associa
tion, testifying before a Senate sub
committee on a bill for spending
$150,000,000 on airport development,
urged adoption of a national airport
policy. It is as essential as planes
and pilots, he said, because “we
have learned airports can be sunk
as effectively as battleships.”
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House-Approved
Army Promotions
Bills Go to Senate
Lieutenant General Rank
For Canal and Hawaii
Department Heads Asked
Br the Auoelated Press.
The House passed yesterday and
sent to the Senate a bill to grant
the title of lieutenant general in
the United States Army to major
generals assigned to command the
Panama Canal and Hawaiian de
partments, or who have commanded
those departments since August 5,
1939.
The committee reported the two
territorial commands were of vital
importance to the national defense
and recent steps to improve the de
fenses in the two departments had
added materially to the responsibili
ties of their commanders.
The House also approved and sent
back to the Senate with amend
ments a bill to increase the number
of brigadier generals in the Regular
Army from 46 to 50 and providing
that hereafter upon appointment of
an officer below the rank of brig
adier general, to be chief of in
fantry, cavalry, field artillery or
coast artillery he shall at the same
time be made a permanent brigadier
general.
Naturalization Bill Passed.
The House also passed and sent to
the Senate a bill to extend for three
years the time limit for certain en
listed men of the Army to complete
their naturalization. In 1937 Con
gress prohibited further payment of
enlisted men who were not citizens,
but granted a three-year extension
for those who had declared their in
tention to become citizens or who
were in the process of naturaliza
tion.
The pending bill grants another
three-year extension to men who were
unable to complete their naturali
zation within the time set. About
200 would be affected.
Another bill passed and sent to
the White House would give the
;
rank of captain in the Army to the
leader of the Military Academy
Band. The leader now has rank of
first lieutenant.
Other Bills Sent to Senate.
Among other bills passed by the
House and sent to the Senate were
one to place the Coast Guard on a
parity with other military services
in respect to the care and disposi
tion of the remains of its military
and civil personnel.
The bill would also amend vari
ous Coast Guard laws to adjust the
retired rank and pay of officers who
serve as engineer in chief and as
sistant commandant; clarify laws
relating to discontinuance and re
establishment of light stations and
Coast Guard stations, and define
expenses to be borne by the Coast
Guard in operation of vessels be
longing to the Coast Guard Reserve.
Maryland Health Unit
Urges 'Crisis Gardens'
By the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, May 20.—Mary
land’s State Health Department yes
terday urged citizens to plant “crisis
gardens’’—a back-to-the-soil move
ment involving scientific planting of
home-grown vegetables.
Going beyond a routine depart
ment bulletin describing selection of
home-grown crops for best nutri
tional values, Dr. R. H. Riley, state
health director, emphasized that
such gardens are particularly im
portant now.
ANAMAS
CLEANED—BLEACHED
BLOCKED
Bachrach
■ra.i nth st. n.w.
WINDOW
"Hi SHADES
PATTERNS - „
WASHABLE ( I TONTINE
| Yoar Gaarantoo—for Eitimatot Call
ORIGINAL THE
TIT SHADE SHOP
HOME 830 13th St. N.W. - - - REp. 6262
rrttttmr;^^y»fcrrmt1 1 Mil HitrtHi 11 H 1 M 1111 H M 1 11 rt11 ttrl
■lUJI "TAKE MY TIP Before1
Yoi Take Your Next Trip I
\1^V0N'T let front-end shimmy
spoil your drive . . . drive
in now and have a Call
Carl 'alignment check-up'. Have Call
Carl experts adjust your wheels to
remove the strain on tires and to
correct steering wheel troubles. A
Call Carl check-up is FREE." Be safe
—be saving, deal with Call Carl—
Where Customers Send
Their Friends
RICH’S
BARBER SHOP
Woodward Building
Is Now Being
Air Conditioned
iisms
AIRTEmP
•
SUMMER COMFORT
IS INEXPENSIVE AT
PEPCO LOW RATES
•
Sold and Installed by
(§IFFITH* (ONSUMERS
(omr\ y
1413 N. Y. Ave. ME. 4840