Evening star. [volume], May 29, 1940, Page A-4, Image 4

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Preparedness Unity
Speaker Is Hissed at
Peace Meeting
'Economic Royalists'
Denounced at Session
In McKinley School
Hi.
-A speaker who suggested that this
cpuntry should present a “united
front” in preparedness to preserve
its safety and liberty last night was
hissed at by a large part of an audi
ence as he left the stage at a peace
ipeeting held in the auditorium of
McKinley High School, under the
allspices of th< “Emergency Peace
Committee.”
The name of the speaker, whose
surname had been announced briefly
a^ong with those of several others
who were in the audience and went
to the stage to deliver brief ad
dresses, was unknown after the
meeting to Michael Howard, chair
man of the committee, who pre
rided. Mr. Howard explained he
had thrown away the names of those
Who had come up from the audience
to speak.
* There were cheers from the audi
ence for speakers who used such
terms as “economic royalists” and
"imperialists,” in referring to per
sons responsible for and advocating
this country’s preparedness program
to resist possible invasion.
Loyalty Questioned.
A young woman outside the audi
torium yelled at some young men
distributing handbills: “Where is
your loyalty to your country, you
blessed Communists.” Inside there
was loud applause for speakers, ex
cept for the one who urged the
“united front.”
The principal speakers were Dr.
James E. Jackson, jr., vice president
of the Southern Negro Conference,
and Frank Ingram, secretary-treas
urer of the Workers Alliance of
America.
Dr. Jackson classed “Hoover,
Morgan and Roosevelt” as im
perialists and declared they had
hastened to aid their “favorite im
perialists” abroad.
Hit Job Restriction.
Mr. Ingram criticized recent legis
lation regarding restriction of em
ployment of Communists, aliens and
bund members and charged neglect
of domestic welfare at the expense
of preparedness.
The Rev. George Ackerly, assistant
pastor of Mount Pleasant Congre
gational Church, and a woman whose
name was not announced took part
in an “Unknown Soldier” skit. The
skit and singing by a group of
colored singers received applause.
London
<Continued From First Page.)
ported and helped by the French
forces in that sector.
The British Army’s attitude, these
circles said, is one of "furious rage
against the Germans, caused not by
the pounding they have received
but by the incredibly revolting
scenes in which the German air
force and tanks had deliberately
slaughtered helpless refugee women
and children to spread panic among
the civilian population.”
"These are things,” they con
tinued, "the army can never forget,
and they will insure the Germans
the warmest welcome they have ever
received anywhere if they invade
this country.”
Other Norse Points Taken.
The fall of Narvik was announced
In a joint Admiralty-War Office com
munique.
Fageness and Forsneset in Norway
have also fallen to the Allies, the
communique said.
Narvik, long the goal of Allied
pressure by land and sea, had been
In German hands virtually since the
April 9 opening of the German in
vasion of Norway. The capture of
Narvik gives the Allies a sea and
air base on the Norwegian coast,
above the Arctic Circle, which com
pares in proximity to Norway’s im
Cwtant German-held cities with the
tter’s nearness to the British Isles.
For example, Narvik is about 400
miles from Trondheim, which in
turn is approximately the same dis
tance from the nearest of the British
Isles. Germany, however, holds
other bases in the rich industrial
southern lobe of Norway which are
closer than Trondheim to the Brit
ish Isles.
, oiinau uavm juices nave sunt
seven German transports in the last
three days in waters near Narvik,
jaccording to a dispatch from Stock
holm by the Exchange Telegraph
JCo., British news agency.
{ Heavy naval gunfire off the
southeast coast of England was
Jieard this morning in several coast
♦owns. It continued for one hour.
{No air raid warnings were sounded,
Jiut many residents of one town who
*rere awakened by the thunder of
Jlhe guns went to air raid shelters.
Withdrawal “Necessary."
! In a broadcast to the nation, Al
fred Duff Cooper, Minister of In
formation, said grimly last night
{that it would be "necessary to with
jdraw our army from the positions
{they now occupy” as a result of sur
render of King Leopold and his Bel
gian Army.
{ Duff Cooper in his broadcast said
{^hat_"our hearts are calm and ourj
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0tmbag #tar
MARCH FIELD, CALIF.—SIX ARMY FLYERS DIE IN CRASH—The crash of an Army bombing
plane on Muroc Dry Lake, near Mojave, Monday night took the lives of six Air Corps flyers and left
a seventh seriously injured. The plane was on a night bombing mission when it crashed on the
bombing range. Wreckage of the plane is shown in this air view by the U. S. Army Air Corps.
__ —A. P. Wirephoto.
resolution firm” and that even if
this battle were to be lost, the Allies
would achieve final victory.
Military commentators agreed
that a large amount of equipment
was bound to fall into the hands of
the Germans no matter what course
was followed in the retreat, since
saving the soldiers’ lives would be
the first consideration.
A gloomy nation was told the B.
E. P. was in peril as grave as that
of the British who met disaster at
Gallipoli in the World War, when
the Allies were routed by the Turks
in a catastrophic failure to estab
lish a line of communication into the
Black Sea.
I
The British morning press pulled
no punches in telling the public of
the dark picture and in denouncing
the young Belgian monarch as a
traitor for his capitulation against
the advice of his government.
Hints All Facts Not Known.
In the midst of the press denun
ciation of Leopold, -however, both
Prime Minister Churchill and his
minister of information asked the
people to suspend judgment, and
today Admiral of the Fleet Sir
Roge» Keyes, who as a special Brit
ish liaison officer was with Leopold
until late Monday night, issued a
statement hinting there were cer
tain important facts attending the
surrender that were not yet gener
ally known. His statement today
said:
"Some very hard things have
been said in this country and France
about the action taken by King
Leopold in bringing about the ces
sation of hostilities in the part of
Belgium occupied by his troops. I
trust judgment will be'suspended on
a very gallant soldier until all the
lacts are Jsnown.”
Nevertheless the man in the street
and the press accused Leopold of
laying a trap for the Allied forces.
The military correspondent of
Reuters (British news agency) wrote
that the Belgian Army, originally
800,000 strong, had only 300,000 effec
tives when it surrendered—evidence
of its stubborn fight against German
assaults.
Germany gained little economically
by Belgian's capitulation, an au
thoritative British source said, de
claring Belgium had practically no
oil stocks left and her iron and steel
Industries had been wrecked.
Blunt an B. E. F. Position.
The press was blunt in its treat
ment of the precarious situation of
the B. E. F. The News Chronicle's
military correspondent said:
“It is time to face up to the facts,
to await the worst. With the sur
render of the Belgian Army the
B. E. F. would seem to be cut off.
Escape by sea is the slenderest of
hopes. A break-through to the
south is a possibility equally remote.
“Within the steel ring of the
Reichswehr are as many men as we
lost in the battle of the Somme and
as much war material as we aban
doned to the Germans in March,
1918.
“The magnitude and gravity of this
disaster need no elaboration. • • •”
In the first Battle of the Somme,
in the summer of 1916, the British
lost 580,000 officers and men. In the
second, in the spring of 1918, they
lost 200.000.
me i lines caneu me position oi
the B. E. F. “precarious” and re
marked: “There will no doubt be
more bad news to face and much
more hardship and danger for all
to pass through before the tide
begins to turn. But about the un
alterable resolution of both peoples
there is happily no doubt whatever."
Congo Declared Unaffected.
Leopold's surrender, it was said
here, failed to affect the status of
the Belgian Congo, Belgian colonial
possession in Africa, since the Bel
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Man Sees Two Die in River,
Fights 3 Hours Until Rescued
By the Associated Press.
RISING SUN, Md., May 29.—A
24-year-old York (Pa.) automobile
salesman was under a doctor’s care
at State Police Barracks today, vic
tor in a three-hour battle with the
rushing waters of the Susquehanna
River after seeing his employer and
the latter’s 12-year-old son swept
to their deaths.
The dead are Arthur J. Gladfelter
43, Logahsville (Pa.) automobile
dealer, and his son Lewis. Their
bodies have not been recovered.
The survivor, John Bleecker, was
rescued from a jutting rock a mile
below Conowingo Dam more than
three hours after the boat from
which he and the Gladfelters had.
been Ashing capsized.
Bleecker said they rented the boat
from Paul Sweigart. a Ashing guide,
late yesterday and rowed to a spot
below the dam, four gates of which
had been opened to send a swift
current through the river.
Later, seeking to shift the location
of the boat, they attempted to haul
up a large rock anchor, attached to
a 30-foot rope.
The anchor was jammed between
other rocks, Bleecker said, and in
their effort to loosen it the boat
upset and sank immediately.
Bleecker said all three were ex
cellent swimmers and managed to
breast the current until swept to
midstream, where they were caught
in a whirlpool and undertow.
For a while, Bleecker said, he held
Gladfelter and the boy up by
wrapping his legs around a sub
merged tree stump, but finally lost
them and was himself swept down
stream.
nr xicxi/ rciiiemurreu nnaing a
footing on a jutting rock, in the
middle of the river, about a half
mile below the dam, but was too
exhausted to swim to shore, he told
police.
Shortly after 8 o'clock, three hours
after the trio had started the trip,
Sweigart sighted Bleecker and sent
Paul and Elmer Zuyker of Darling
ton to his rescue in a motor launch.
Bleecker was taken to State po
lice barracks. He was suffering
from exposure and exhaustion, but
his condition is not serious.
State police said dragging for the
bodies would be started today, in
the belief they might be wedged in
rocks.
Glad f el ter is survived by his widow
and five childm.
Rian government had repudiated
the King and declared its intention
of pursuing the war.
The Congo is rich in rubber, cop
per, cotton and other products. It
was said to remain Belgian, just as
the Netherlands Indies remained
Dutch after German occupation of
the Netherlands.
A clarifying statement by the Brit
ish government, however, is being
sought in the House of Commons
by Sir Gifford Pox, a Conservative.
He has presented a written ques
tion for answer by Prime Minister
Churchill oh how the Belgian Congo
now is to be regarded and, more
over, what effect Leopolds action
will have on Belgian refugees here.
Lessons in Dutch Invasion.
The Information Ministry issued a
statement on lessons Britain should
learn from the German invasion of
Holland, where, it said, "cunning
technique” succeeded, although the
Dutch were fully warned.
The invasion must have been
marvellously planned,” the state
ment said, “for troops landed in
circles surrounding each of three
airdromes. The timing was perfect.
At Waalhaven (near Rotterdam),
which had been rendered unusable
by the Dutch, parachutists landed
in Dutch and even British uni
forms.”
“Although military accomplish
ments may not seem to have been
great at the time, it is clear from
reports that the German action
caused the greatest confusion and
the moral of this effect is clear.
“For example, the Dutch general
staff was so bewildered that it in
quired of British authorities if
British troops were being landed.
“When the Dutch wanted to ask
for Belgian mechanized artillery to
help them recapture a vital bridge
their message had to be relayed
through London, so great was the
dislocation.
Moreover British aircraft were
fired upon by Dutch guns.
“This gives some indication of
the havoc that can follow parachute
action behind the lines.”
Extraordinary Precautions.
The nation, still on guard against
potential fifth columnists, decided
to take extraordinary precautions
to guard the palace of Westminster
and the Houses of Parliament and
requiring members and others who
have business there to show passes.
The government also recalled for
service the special war reserves of
the metropolitan police, the special
war constabulary and police pen
sioners.
Employers and workers on emer
gency production Jobs were asked
to cancel their summer holidays.
Sir Kingsley Wood, Chancellor of
the Exchequer, said the excess profits
tax of 100 per cent ordered under
the government's special powers
would be applied to all businesses,
effective from April 1, beginning of
the fiscal year.
He said the nation already was
under the heaviest tax burden in
British history, and added: “We
must be prepared for further bur
dens and sacrifices.”
First Division Veterans
Hear Gen. Marshall
Veterans of the 1st Division of
the A. E. F. gathered at their an
nual Cantigny dinner last night on
the anniversary of the beginning of
the first major fight of the A. E. F.
More than 150 diners heard off
the-record talks by Associate Justice
Frank Murphy and Gen. George C.
Marshall, Army chief of staff. The
speakers stressed the importance of
American preparedness.
Others who spoke were Maj. Gen.
Frank Parker, U. S. A., retired, for
mer commander of the 1st Division,
and Maj. Gen. Hanson E. Ely, U. S. A.,
retired, who commanded the 28th
Infantry and later the 5th Division
of the A. E. F.
Chinese in Formosa are chang
ing their names to Japanese.
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U. S. Changes Policy
To Retain Envoys
In Invaded Nations
State Department Left
Without Observers When
Representatives Flee
By the Associated Presi.
The State Department has
changed its policy concerning re
tention of American envoys at their
posts in invaded countries—and now
wants them to remain unless the
danger to them personally becomes
too great.
Offlcials believe American Ambas
sadors and Ministers can be more
useful by remaining in the capitals
to which they are accredited, even
if the capitals are under German
domination, than by following gov
ernments which have become, for
most practical Dur Doses. figureheads.
Whitlock’s Example Recalled.
They favor a return to the World
War examples of Brand Whitlock,
American Minister to Belgium, who
stayed on in Brussels even after the
Germans occupied it, and remained
there until the United States sev
ered diplomatic relations with Ger
many; and of Myron Herrick, Amer
ican Ambassador to Paris, who re
fused to leave the capital even when
the Germans were virtually at its
gates and the French government
and most of the diplomatic corps
had fled.
The opposite of this policy was fol
lowed in the early stages of the
present war. When Germany in
vaded Poland Ambassador Anthony
Drexel Biddle left with the Polish
government. He wandered into
East Poland, then crossed into Ru
mania when the Polish government
fled the country. Eventually, when
the Polish government was reconsti
tuted and set up at Angers, France,
Mr. Biddle followed the government,
and the American Embassy to
Poland is now at Angers.
^'Representative in Warsaw.
There is not much now for the
embassy to do. Recently Mr. Biddle
was named an American delegate
to go to Portugal to attend the cele
bration of the eighth centenary of
the existence of Portugal.
Meantime, the Germans demanded
the closing of the American consu
late lett behind in Warsaw, along
with the consulates of other powers,
and the United States does not have
even an observer in Warsaw at this
moment. It is a reasonable chance
that if the American Embassy had
remained behind in Warsaw the
Germans would not have asked it to
clear out.
The second instance came when
Germany invaded Norway. The
American Minister, Mrs. J. Borden
Harriman, almost immediately left
the capital with the Norwegian royal
family and government. She ac
companied them toward the north,
eventually lost them, and finally
crossed into Sweden. She is now at
Stockholm, while it is impossible to
say exactly where the Norwegian
government is. Several foreign serv
ice officers remained behind in Oslo
and are still keeping the legation
open.
Envoys Stay in Low Countries.
Having studied the futile effects
of the migrations of Mr. Biddle and
Mrs. Harriman, State Department
officials came to the conclusion that
the wiser course would be for Amer
ican envoys to remain at their posts,
If possible.
When it seemed certain to the
department that Holland and Bel
gium were about to be invaded an
Intimation to this effect was con
veyed to Ambassador John Cudahy
at Brussels and Minister George A.
Gordon at The Hague. Accordingly
they hung on after the Belgian and
Dutch governments fled.
What Germany's action in the
case will be is not yet certain. It
is hoped that the German govern
ment will accord the same informal
recognition to the embassy at Brus
sels and the legation at The Hague
as it did to Minister Whitlock dur
ing the World War. American in
terests in Holland and Belgium are
considerable.
Bed Catches Fire
Gilbert Anderson, 43, of Jackson
ville, Fla,, was treated at Emergency
Hospital early today after his mat
tress caught fire at a hotel in the
700 block of Twelfth street N.W.
He was suffering from the effects of
smoke but was not burned, doctors
said.
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Congo Told to 'Ignore'
Leopold's Capitulation
Bi th* Associated Press.
NBW YORK, May 2fl.—The Bel
gian government, littlng in Paris,
hH instructed the Governor of the
Belgian Congo “to ignore” the capit
ulation of King Leopold to the Ger
mans, the British Broadcasting Corp.
said in a broadcast picked up here
today by the National Broadcasting
Co.
Italy on Brink of War,
With Action Expected
In Mediterranean
Attack on Suez Canal,
Defensive Strategy on
French Border Hinted
By the Associated Press.
ROME, May 29.—Italy lingered to
night on the brink of war which
many foreign and Italian observer*
expect Italy to start, possibly within
the next few days, but in North
Africa and the Mediterranean rather
than against France directly.
This view was supported by Nicola
Marchltto in a semi-monthly politi
cal review entitled “The Conquest of
Empire.”
He asserted Italy’s “offensive ob
jectives” would be actions by the
navy and warplanes in the Mediter
ranean, land war in Africa to con
quer the Suez Canal and eventually
in the Balkan* to protect Italian
interests.
Italian strategy, he wrote, is de
fensive on both the French and
Tunisian (French North African)
frontiers, but of a different charac
ter on the Egyptian border.
The surrender of the Belgian
Army on the western front appeared
to have ended any chance the Allies
may have had to keep Italy out of
the war by relaxing their blockade
restrictions.
Students Celebrate.
University student members of the
Fascist militia celebrated today the
16th anniversary of the establish
ment of their branch of the Black
shirt fighting organization in spe
cial military ceremonies.
At Rome a battalion goose-stepped
under Mussolini's balcony at the
Piazza Venezia.
Civilians began today to take over
some of the posts left vacant by
men called to arms and the govern
ment prepared to make many other
such replacements in case a civil
mobilization is put in effect.
Young Fascists served as traffic
police and women and girls were
seen in Rome in uniforms and hel
mets siding motorcycles equipped
for air raid precaution duties.
Government offices are prepared
to substitute men called to arms
with pensioned employes in event of
civil mobilization. The pensioned
men will be rehired with preferences
being granted to fathers of large
families, or with sons fighting.
10.000.000 in "Second Army.”
A million and a half volunteers—
women and minors enlisted through
the Fascist party—are prepared to
take over special jobs at a moment's
notice. Many will be employed in the
industries and agriculture to replace
soldiers.
The party's plans for putting civil
ians to work cover a widespread net
work. Seamstresses will be put to
work making uniforms. Women who
know how to drive cars will be
pressed into that line of work.
Party leaders estimated that a
total of 10,000,000 non-combatants
soon would be functioning in what
they called a "second army.”
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Spirit of Defeatism
Gone From British,
Writer Reports
Belgian Surrender
To Make War Harder
And Longer, They Feel
By HELEN KIRKPATRICK,
Chicago Dally News Foreign Correspondent.
LONDON, May 20.—Without at
tempting to minimize the serious
ness of the situation, British leaders
refuse to regard the possible loss of
one section of the British expe
ditionary force in any other light
than that It will make the war very
much tougher and certainly longer
A spirit of defeatism, which was
very marked in certain groups two
days ago, has now disappeared com
pletely.
The rapid German advance toward
the coast, made the more possible
by the collapse of Belgium, opens
up two possibilities, according to
responsible people here. Either the
German drive will now be directed
at Paris and the rest of Prance
in hope of terrorizing Prance into
accepting a separate peace following
which a quick British defeat would
be hoped for, or the Germans will
try to utilize their coastal positions
from Denmark to the French border
to launch a gigantic attack on Great
nrffoin
Confident Over French.
The British are convinced that
France will never follow Belgium's
example and they are equally con
fident they themselves will not
capitulate, although they have no
illusions about the ferocity of the
attack that Germany will attempt.
Returned members of the expedi
tionary force have heartened the
people enormously by their calm
accounts of the fighting against
tremendous odds, and the stories of
German ruthlessness have only
angered the people so deeply that,
had there been any chance of a
negotiated peace, it can now be said
to have disappeared.
It is regarded here as particularly
unfortunate that the bulk of Amer
ican comment seems to reveal the
feeling that there is nothing that
the United States could do to assist
the Allies "before it is too late.”
Aside from the obvious means of
assistance, which are as well known
to the American people as they have
been made known to tfnited States
officials, there are still some Ameri
cans who are dealing through round
about means with Germany. Many
of them are of German descent or
refugees whose families remain in
Germany, and they act usually as
middlemen in copper, tin and man
ganese exports as well as in steel
and iron products.
supplies rurcnased.
German agents registered as
American firms in California have
been buying tin and rubber from
the Netherlands Indies, ordering it
to be unloaded at Manila, where it
is being shipped to Germany by way
of Japan and Vladivostok. Similar
trade in hides grew up during the
first months of the war. They were
shipped to Cuba and from there to |
Sweden, Holland and Belgium. This 1
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lute evidence of its destination.
British officials, asked what the
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(Copyright, 1940, by Chicago Daily Neva,
Inc.)
Paris
(Continued From First Page.)
southern point of the German drive
In this region.
Battle Lints Change Hourly.
The battle lines of the almost
encircled Allied Army of the north
were reported to be changing almost
hourly as superior German forces
swept over ground abandoned by 15
Belgian divisions.
French sources said, however, that
more than 30 miles of Channel coast,
stretching northward from Dunker
que, still remained in Allied hands
and asserted that the pocketed
troops were continuing to fight with
“determination.”
The high command kept its plans
carefully guarded, but said that
action along the Somme was "de
veloping favorably,” and military
spokesmen acknowledged that the
operations In this sector were "im
portant" in scope.
There were unofficial reports that
at least 30 divisions, numbering be
tween 450,000 and 640,000 men, were
ready for a sustained drive along the
Aisne.
The Prench said the Germans
were blasting away at Dunkerque
and Calais with long-range artil
lery.
In Paris, meanwhile, the refugee
Belgian Senate and Chamber last
night approved the action of the
Belgian cabinet in disowning Kin?
Leopold for his surrender and voting
to continue the fight on the side of
the Allies.
Press Assails Leopold.
The Prench press bitterly assailed
Leopold for ordering his armies to
lay down their arms, thus leaving
the Allied left flank in the north un
protected.
Editorials accused the monarch of
“treachery" and said that "Belgium
has been betrayed by her own King.”
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