Evening star. [volume], June 09, 1940, Page A-3, Image 3

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Fascists Threaten 5 to 1 Reprisal for Each City Bombed
Observers in Rome
Expect II Duce to
Enter War This Week
Speculation Upon Move
Ranges From Tomorrow
Morning to Friday
Bt the Associated Press.
ROME, June 8.—A pointed warn
ing that five English cities would be
bombed for every Italian city at
tacked by Allied bombers In the
event Italy enters the war was pub
lished today by the Rome newspaper
II Giornale d'ltalia just while for
eign observers were expressing belief
Italy would enter the conflict next
week.
II Giornale dltalia's editor is Vir
Rinio Gayda. long recognized as
Premier Mussolini's editorial mouth
piece.
Reports have circulated here that
the British and French plan to
bombard Italian centers if this
nation entered the war against
them.
To these reports the authoritative
newspaper said:
"For every Italian city bombed
five English cities would suffer the
same treatment."
Rome Considered Safe.
Bombardment of Rome would be
the signal for “similar but greater
bombardment of London,” the news
paper added.
However, Rome was considered
here to be fairly safe from attack,
with the Italians prepared to make
it an open city by removing govern
ment offices, troops and aircraft.
Some observers heard that an
Italian attack on their first secret
objective would come in the early
hours next Monday but a source
considered reliable indicated it
probably would be later, possibly
Thursday or Friday night.
Although only Mussolini and pos
sibly his axis partner, Adolf Hit
ler. are supposed to know the date
of the expected entry into the war.
confidence that Italy has closed her
last week as a non-belligerent na
tion in this war was based on im
pressions in Italian circles as well
as war preparations which appear
to be complete.
Ships Kept in Neutral Ports.
The imminence of an Italian move
was indicated further by foreign
reports that Italian ships are being
kept in neutral ports. Government -
controlled newspapers substantiated
the reports by publishing them.
A competent source said Italian
ships would fail to make their sail
ings from Italian ports as scheduled
during the coming week.
Italian air service to South
America was placed on a basis of
one round trip each month instead
of each week, presumably as a war
precaution. Departures are to be
secret.
Italians took great notice of what
newspapers described as ‘‘the grow
ing agitation for American inter
vention" in the war. But Fascists
in government circles as well as
newspapers continued to scout the
idea that the United States would
be able to give Britain and France
effective aid in time.
11 Giornale Explains.
II Giornale d'ltalia sought to ex
plain the declaration of its editor
that United States entry into the
war would give European powers the
right to intervene in American af
fairs.
The newspaper declared the article 1
was not a "provocation or threat”
toward the United States, explain
ing it meant to say that American
intervention in Europe w'ould "create
a precedent which would justify the
turning of European powers against
America either at the present or in
possible future conflicts.”
A Fascist in position to express
the government's view volunteered
belief that the Germans would crack
the Weygand line in France within
a few days and then would be ready
to attack London.
After the European continent
came under the control of Germany
and Italy, he said, there would be no
place for American troops to land.
In the midst of the war talk. Vati
can authorities said Vatican City
would be closed to the public as a
precaution except for Pope Pius'
Wednesday audience.
On “Even of Solemn Event.”
Relazioni Internazionali, authoria
tive Fascist weekly, declared the
Italians are on the "even of a solemn
event” which will be a "war of su
preme independence.”
To inform foreigners, the weekly
eaid, six reasons why Italy is going
to war were given. They were:
1. Italy has followed a peace pol
icy for 18 years seeking to "balance j
positions, shorten distances and
impose new, more humane political
formulas.”
2. France and England always
have opposed Mussolini's policies.
3. When the "Italian people asked
for land to work they were offered
deserts .”
4. "Everything Italian, in domes
tic policy as well as in the interna
tional field, has been ostentatiously
undervalued by the French and
British."
5. “Democratic Europe, which has
deprecated the Italian people, can \
only be fought. The Italian people
have reached the limit of their
patience. • • * This war must solve
territorial questions for the Italian
people which are Nice, Corsica,
Tunisia and Jibuti.”
6. "The life of the Italian people
Is subject to French and English
control. Italy must insure her in
dependence on the sea.”
Fascist Official Called.
The Fascist party secretary, Ettore
Muti, received a call to arms to
night and turned the party com
mand over to a substitute.
Pietro Capoferri, 47-year-old par
ty organizer and member of the
Fascist Chamber, will fill in for
Muti.
Similar arrangements were an
nounced for substitutes for six other
party directors off to join the colors.
They were Micatle Pascolato,
labor head; Fernando Mezzasoma,
party director of cultural activities;
Natale Cerruti, party disciplina
rian; Guido Pallotta, head of the
students' organization; Mario Maz
setti, director of women's organi
sations, and Rino Parenti. president
of the Italian Olympics Committee.
India plans to produce alumnlum
from Indian bauxite.
SAN ANTONIO, TEX.—MASS PRODUCTION OF PILOTS AT
RANDOLPH FIELD—With more than 7,000 pilots annually, the
goal of the Army Air Corps under the new expansion program,
Randolph Field, West Point of the air, is today one of the
world’s busiest training schools,
on the line as cadets mill about.
Here is a scene showing airships
—A. P. Wirephoto.
London
tContinued From First Page.')
hours before, announced a 14.000
ton auxiliary cruiser had been sunk
off the northwest coast of Ireland.
The Carinthia was the second
British armed merchant cruiser
sunk since the war started. The
Rawalpindi. 16.697 tons, was lost
last November 23 with 280 of her
personnel after an attack by the
German pocket battleship Deutsch
land off Ireland.
Earlier an official Admiralty state
ment had observed that "The bal
ance of naval strength in favor
of the Allies is now far greater
than at the outbreak of the war."
New Bombing Success.
On the other side of the book,
the British marked down new bomb
ing success in the air: An attack on
German troop concentrations at
Abbeville throughout Friday and
Friday night and on “military ob
jectives” in Northwest Germany.
"Many reconnaissances were car
ried out and on the information ob
tained a large number of bombing
sorties were undertaken,” the Air
Ministry communique said. “Lines
of communication, ammunition and
petrol dumps, troop concentrations
and columns of armored fighting
vehicles were repeatedly attacked.”
The Royal Air Force destroyed 17
German planes yesterday, the com
munique said, while 13 British planes
were missing.
“Much damage was caused to the
railhead at Hirson. where woods
were set on fire and many explo
sions caused,” the communique said.
"Here troop concentrations were
machine gunned. At Abbeville many
explosions and fires were caused and
extensive damage was done to the
airdrome. * * *
Reports of Saturday's operations,
it added, indicate “that our medium
bombers inflicted heavy damage on
the enemy's motorized forces.”
Repealed Air Attacks.
In a supplementary statement, the
Air Ministry said German troop
concentrations and mechanized col
umns in the immediate rear of the
battle front between Le Treport, a
channel port, and Amiens “were sub
jected to repeated attacks at short
intervals” by waves of aircraft.
"Road and rail communications in
back areas were systematically
bombed and towns and villages in
which troops were massing were
wrecked and set ablaze,” the state
ment continued.
“At Araines * * * which the enemy
had converted into a vast military
encampment, over 800 high explo
sive and incendiary bombs were
dropped within the period of three
minutes.”
It claimed direct hits in the center
of Vismes. and destruction of houses
to block strategic roads near Miaa
nay.
One British plane, it said, after
bombing a small ammunition dump
northeast of the river Bresle, flew at
a level of 100 feet to machine gun an
anti-aircraft gun and crew out of
action.
The air ministry said one bomber,
attacked by three Messerschmitt
109 s had “skimmed the housetops of
scattered villages as he made for
the coast,” shooting down one of
the pursuers in flight. The others
gave up the chase at the coast.
Denies Windsor Resigned.
The war office denied a report
that the Duke of Windsor had re
signed, and announced that he was
visiting French troops on the Italian
border and would shortly return to
his headquarters. Before he went to
the south—the Duchess of Windsor
is at Cap d’Antibes—the Duke was
liasion officer between British and
French troops.
Britain today raised the age limits
of many reserved, or exempt, occu
pations, making 30.000 white collar
workers immediately available for
service and calling up many others
by August 1.
The reservations were extended to
agricultural workers and “distribu
tive workers," chiefly proprietors or
managers of businesses.
Navy Strength Increased.
The statement on Allied naval
strength said the navy had been in
creased since the beginning of the
war by the addition of more than
50 armed merchant cruisers and
more than 1,500 minor war vessels
and auxiliary craft “of which 58
have been lost.”
“The Frenh Navy is a very power
ful and rapidly growing force.” the
statement said.
“The Allied fleets have been rein
forced by active co-operation of
Polish, Norwegian and Dutch naval
forces.
“During the next few months the
Royal Navy will receive a further
large increase in strength compris
ing every category of warship from
battleships to motor torpedoboats
and a very large number of auxil
iary craft.”
Losses Are Listed.
The following losses were listed:
One of 15 capital ships, 1 of 7
aircraft carriers, 2 of 62 cruisers, 20
of 185 destroyers, 8 of 58 subma
rines. 6 of 108 minesweepers, sloops,
patrol vessels and gunboats.
Nearly 1.000.000 tons of warships
are being built in British shipyards,
the statement said, and contrast
ing growing Allied naval strength
with German naval weakness, re
marked that the German high com
mand has been alarmed.
"This anxiety is shown by Ger
man efforts to convince neutral
opinion by constant issue of ground
less claims of naval sinkings that
German air power has achieved
spectacular ascendancy over Brit
ish naval power.” it said.
The statement added that Ger
man air successes over naval units
are more successful when carried
out nearer German bases, and then
observed that German air power
had “signally failed” to annul the
decisive advantages conferred by
sea power.
"A recent and striking example
was the successful withdrawal of
the Allied armies from the Belgian
coast,” the statement said.
Home Defense Strengthened.
The appointment of Gen. Sir Rob
ert Gordon-Finlayson as command
ing chief of the British Isles’ west- ]
ern command, replacing Gen. Sir |
Henry C. Jackson, was announced
today.
The War Office said his and other
appointments announced "are con
sequent upon the increasing im
portance of home defense which
has introduced operational as well
as an administrative aspect into the
duties of general officers command
ing in chief of the home commands.”
Lt. Gen. Sir Ronald F. Adam was
named general officer commanding
in chief of the northern command,
succeeding Gen. Sir William H.
Bartholomew, and Maj, Gen. H. C. B.
Wemyss was named adjutant gen
eral of the forces with the acting
rank of lieutenant general, succeed
ing Gordon-Finlayson.
Fight Ministerial Ouster.
Meanwhile, with public attention
centered on next Tuesday’s secret
sesison of Commons, W. P. Spens,
chairman of the powerful Conserva
tive “1922 Committee,” most influ
ential group in the House, served
notice he would consider any at
tempt to oust certain members of
Prime Minister Churchill’s cabinet
as “utterly indefensible.”
Mr. Spens said he was “horrified”
at the possibility that advantage
would be taken of the secret session
to “launch an attack on certain
ministers with a view to compelling
their resignation.”
Such an attempt, he said, would
“inevitably mean an end of politi
cal truce and at a time when the
enemy is at our gates and we are
fighting for our very lives, such con
duct appears to mo utterly inde
fensible.”
Former Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain has been named as
among those who might be criti
cized at the session. Mr. Chamber
lain remained Conservative party
leader at Mr. Churchill’s request
May 17. As such he held a 281
200 majority at the lowest mark of
his career as Prime Minister, and
the statement by Mr. Spens today
indicated his position has not weak
ened.
Frowns on ‘Mere Inquest.’
The Times lent its authoritative
voice to the plea for “constructive
suggestion” and frowned upon the
idea of a “mere inquest.”
“The search for scapegoats might
indeed reveal a whole herd of them,
some in unexpected places,” the
Times said, “but it would not pro
duce a single tank or a single air
plane.”
The Times added that some of
A
the Ministers regarded as liable to
blame for the present critical state j
"are now conspicuous figures in the |
new burst of energy which has
lately given so welcome an impulse
to production."
On the diplomatic front, reliable
London sources said Soviet Rus- ;
sia was closely wratching Adolf Hit
ler's military advances, alert to the
possibility of infringement on So
viet interests.
Although there has been no sug
gestion of conflict between Rus
sian and German aims, the Nazi
grasp on the Low Countries, Den
mark and the most important part i
of Norway has naturally attracted
Soviet "attention,” these sources
said.
Training
(Continued From First Page.)
Lee-Enfleld rifles. Many have since
been reported sold to the Allies.
And, above all, officers groan at
the probable caliber of soldiers which
could be turned out in a six-month j
period, a term most stressed by
supporters of conscription. All indi
cated a belief that less than a year |
of training in this age of mechan- J
leal warfare and quick death for
green troops would be uselss.
Million Boys 18 to 22.
Census figures indicate there are
about 1.000.000 boys in each of ages
from 18 to 22, the most logical
prospects for conscription. Basing
their declarations on regular army ;
recruiting, about 30 per cent would
be ineligible because of physical
defects and other causes. World
War findings, believed still appli
cable, show that 100.000 country
boys would provide for military
service 4,790 more soldiers than an
equal number of city boys; 100,000
whites would provide 1.240 more
than colored; 100.000 native born
would yield 3,500 more than foreign
born.
Exemptions probably would be
granted to boys In universities en
listed in the Reserve Officers Train
ing Corps; those with dependents,
and probably a few in industries
now engaged in producing defense
materials.
It is estimated one officer would
be needed for every 20 conscripts
and one non-commissioned officer
for every five. To obtain them the
Army would be forced to rely on
its 110,000 Reserve Officers, its 30,-;
000 potential non-coms in the Reg
ular Army enlisted reserves, made
up of former soldiers who now re
ceive $24 a year, and the National
Guard, which is a potential store
house of officer material among its
well-trained non-commissioned of
ficers. Their use, however, pre
supposes that Congress will give
President Roosevelt authority to
call them out.
Refresher Courses Needed.
Undoubtedly reserve officers—
civilians who patriotically have de
voted much of their leisure time to
military training without pay—
would provide the great mass of
trainers. But before that could be
assured, they would need “refresh
er” courses of two to three months
with Regular Army officers as the
teachers.
Possibly foreseeing such a possi
bility, the Army recently circular
ized reserve officers seeking men
who were willing to serve with the
Regular forces for six months. Sev
eral hundred have already been
selected. Gen. George C. Marshall,
chief of staff, declared last week
at least 3,000 would be needed to
bolster the Regular Army’s 15,000
officers should enlisted men be in
creased to 335,000 from the 280,000
as now provided.
Assuming officers were available,
the Army would find it necessary
to rush construction of barracks.
It is believed most of the conscripts
would receive training near their
homes, many at National Guard
camp sites. The conscription ma
chinery would provide for a quota
of boys from each State in accord
ance with its total population. The
adjutant generals in each State
would provide the staff for admin
istering quotas.
Contracts for Uniforms.
Last Tuesday the Army quarter
master general announced he would
soon Issue orders for cloth sufficient
for 1,523,322 uniforms, consisting of
coat, cap and trousers; 1.006,112
overcoats, 934,405 wool shirts and
500,000 blankets. Col. E. B. Gregory,
the acting quartermaster general,
told a House subcommittee recently
that at the beginning of this fiscal!
year' there was only a nine-month
supply of uniforms available for
the Regular Army. Thus, a serious
shortage in the first requisite for
soldiering is indicated.
Some World War uniforms are
still in warehouses. But the vast
supply available in 1919 has been
dissipated through constant de
mands by disaster sufferers, the C.
C. C., the R. O. T. C. and Citizens’
Military Training Camps. There is
a large supply of "fatigue clothes”—
blue denims—which could be used
for conscripts, but it would not be
conducive for high morale. Col.
Gregory estimated at least nine
months would be needed before pro
duction could be obtained on new
supplies of uniforms. Army officials
believe that once production is be
gun, each of 25 clothing manufac
turers now making uniforms of vari
ous kinds could turn out 10.000 a
week.
Discipline Problem Seen.
As for training, officers believe it
will be more difficult to instill the
fiast military trait, discipline, to
American conscripts than the French
or Germans would find. Democracy,
apparently, does not make for the
type of military discipline more es
sential now than during the World
War when conflict vas conducted
at a slower pace.
In six months, conscripts could
be taught to obey commands, yet
use initiative, march and fire a
rifle—but little more. Germany had
a three-year conscription period:
France had a two-year period and
the British six months—started just
before the war.
During the World War American
troops averaged six months of train
ing in the United States, two more
in France and one month in a quiet
sector of the front lines. But at
that time there were far fewer
types of weapons in use by the
infantry. The 1940 version of the
doughboy must be acquainted with
the mechanics and use of tanks,
anti-tank guns, .50 and .30 caliber
machine guns, the 60 and 81 mili
meter mortars, in addition to the
rifle, bayonet, pistol and automatic
rifle. To acquaint infantry conscripts
with their use in mass maneuvers
would take a year of strenuous
training.
Technical Training Needed.
In the field artillery, the technical
training needed is even more im
portant. A conscript could be taught
to become efficient in firing a gun
with a battery within six months,
but would need a year before he
could become part of a division.
A conscript could be taught to ride
a horse in a few months—and, inci
dentally, there are more horses in
use in the present European war
than tanks and trucks—but a year
would be needed to train a cavalry
man. Less than a year of training
for mechanized cavalry is “piddling,”
one officer declared.
A mistaken popular conception has
arisen that a widespread knowledge
of automobile driving would provide
a large number of efficient tank driv
ers. Actually, officers declared, that
knowledge is of less than elementary
use.
With the growing public recogni
tion of the need for conscription,
popular talk in Congress is for a six
month training period, but that
time, said one officer who ought to
know, “is Just long enough to make
them fit and have them get over the
measles.”
I
Trio Graduates Tomorrow
Three students from Washington
and vicinity will be graduated to
morrow from Bucknell, University.
They are Miss Dorothy L. Gottschall,
4921 Chevy Chase boulevard, Chevy
Chase, Md.; Horace A. Lowe, 8
Rhode Island avenue N.W., and Cal
vin Lombard, Tilden Hall.
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War Communiques
French
PARIS, June g UP).—Tonight's
French communique:
The battle continued, lasting all
day on the entire front between
the sea and the Chemin des Dames.
West of the Oise the enemy, dimin
ishing their pressure on the lower
Bresle, concentrated their effort on
a vast front between Aumale and
Noyon.
Their infantry divisions, formerly
in the rear, entered the line re
inforced by powerful artillery. They
added their fire to that of armored
divisions engaged in the preceding
days.
More than 20 fresh divisions en
tered the struggle besides seven
armored divisions engaged the day
before.
Our divisions could not limit the
progress of this efTort. out of pro
portion to their own effectiveness,
except by maneuvering in retreat
in a prescribed direction. All reports
agree that they inflicted on the
enemy considerable losses.
East of the Oise the battle also
was accentuated. They (the Ger
mans) threw new divisions into
the battle and sent in armored
machines. These new forces were
permitted to take foot widely on j
the heights south of the Aisne.
Our units defend the ground foot
by foot. During the latest com
bats the artillery group of Com
mandant Pouyat destroyed 38 Ger
man tanks.
One battery of this group, com
manded by Capt. Vandelle, de-1
stroyed alone 19.
Another artillery group com
manded by Commandant Gunen.
attacked at a distance of 100 meters
by tanks, destroyed 17.
Intense activity of our aviation,
which during the day continued
with the greatest vigor harassing
the enemy.
Armored machines were attacked
anew with cannon, more airfields
were bombed, convoys on roads hit
and dispersed.
Early this afternoon more than'
150 planes, protected by French and
British pursuit planes, launched an
enormous tonnage of bombs on
enemy columns and concentrations.
A squadron of the naval air force
during the night of June 7 bombed
certain factories in suburbs of Ber
lin. All our planes returned to
their base.
British
LONDON, June S UP.—The
text of the Air Ministry com
munique follows:
Throughout yesterday and last
night the effort of the Royal Air
Force was again mainly directed to
support of Allied armies in France.
Many reconnaissances were car
ried out and on the information
obtained a large number of bomb
ing sorties were undertaken. Lines
of communication, ammunition and
petrol dumps, troop concentrations
and columns of armored fighting ve
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hides were repeatedly attacked.
One enemy aircraft was shot down
and one of our medium bombers
is missing.
These operations were continued
at night on three points behind the
enemy's lines. Much damage was
caused to the railhead at Hirson.
where woods were set on fire and
many explosions caused. Here
troop concentrations were machine
gunned.
At Abbeville many explosions and
fires were caused and extensive dam
age was done to the airdrome. All
our aircraft returned safely.
Other formations of heavy bomb
ers attacked military objectives in
Northwest Germany. AU returned
safely.
Our fighters were active over the
battle zone throughout yesterday.
Seventeen enemy aircraft were de
stroyed. Twelve of out fighters are
missing.
Throughout today, Saturday, sim
ilar operations have been in progress.
Reports so far received indicate that
our medium bombers inflicted heavy
damage on the enemy's motorized
forces.
Fairfax Chapter to Meet
The Fairfax County Chapter of
the American Red Cross will hold
its annual session in the courthouse
June 16 at 3 p.m. James T. Nichol
son of the Central Committee of the
Red Cross will be guest speaker.
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