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Italy Mourns Balbo, Killed With 9 Others By British Flyers Prominent Italians Die With Pioneer Fascist Leader in Libya By the Associated Press. ROME, June 29.—Marshal Italo Balbo, bearded pioneer in the Fas cist movement, and nine others, in cluding prominent Italians, died when their plane was shot down in flames by British aircraft encoun tered over Tobruk, Libya. The victims included the Italian consul general of Tripoli, the editor of Balbo s newspaper Corriere Pada no, and two relatives of Balbo, Sig nor Ferrara, a nephew, and Lt. Florio Gino, a brother-in-law. Five Passengers Perish. Five passengers and four crew j members perished with Balbo. The plane was on an official mis sion but did not go up for military action when it was brought down yesterday. Mussolini ordered flags half staffed; Fascist headquarters was swathed in black crepe, the Italian ] broadcasting system was silent for srwo minutes after announcing the death of the spectacular airman, and the high command thus honored j him, in a special communique; “Flags of the armed forces of Italy ! ere lowered in sign of homage and high honor to the memory of Italo J Balbo, Alpine volunteer in the World 1 War. one of the quadrumvirate of j the (Fascist! revolution, trans-At-1 lantic flyer and air marshal, wrho died at his post in combat.” oovernor oenerai oi lUDya. Balbo was governor general of Libya—sent there in 1933 at the height of his popularity after hav ing successfully led a mass flight of Italian planes from Rome to Chi cago and return by way of New York. He had been mentioned often in the old days as a possible successor to Mussolini himself, but after his assignment to Libya he had been less prominent in such speculations than Count Galeazzo Ciano, the Duce s son-in-law. It was gossiped in Rome that he had been sent away to keep his •'political shadow from darkening i the Piazza Venezia”—the site of Mussolini's palace. Balbo organized the Blackshirt militia after the World War and was one of the leaders in the 1922 march on Rome of Mussolini—the marshal's old friend from war days. Crew Perishes with Him. The official announcement indi- ! eated his plane was shot down by ■ British flyers bombing Tobruk, Ite.l- | lan base on the Libyan coast near j the Egyptian frontier, Balbo's j whole crew perished with him, but the number of lives lost was with held. Italy's only air marshal, Balbo ( had an impressive record as soldier, ' flyer of the Atlantic to North and South America and colonial ad ministrator. His dynamic, flashing personality and his black spike j beard set the fashion for many young Blackshirts. For six and a half years Balbo was in semi-eclipse so far as Fascist publicity was concerned. Many be lieved that Balbo had been sent to Libya because his tastes as a cul- j tured. adventuresome, continental! native of Ferrara made him little in- ) dined to colonial problems. Quickly Became Libya Boss. But Balbo, "aided by his instinct, soon found his way in what for him was a new ethical, economic and political world.” one of his biogra phers said. He quickly became boss cf Libya. He colonized its fertile seacoast with thousands of Italians from the homeland. He entertained lavishly in a big. white gubernatorial palace at Tripoli. He rode a white horse with the air of a desert chieftain be fore Libyan natives. "Viva Balbo,” spelled out in white washed rock on sandy slopes by ad- i miring soldiers, was visible to air- 1 planes flying over Libya. Balbo was made air marshal for his flight to Chicago, a flight in W’hich he led 110 men in 24 planes. Before that he had led four other mass flights, three over the Medi terranean and one to Brazil in 1931. In the early days of Fascism Balbo Fas the youngest of Mussolini's trusted lieutenants. Back from the World War as a soldier in the Al pine front, he became head of the Fascist movement in his native Fer rara. When Mussolini organized the march on Rome in 1922 he chose Balbo as one of his quadrumvirate of leaders. The only quadrumvirs remaining are Cesare Maria de Vecchi, Gover nor of the Dodecanese Islands, and Marshal Emilio de Bono, chief of Italy’s southern army. Paris tContinued From First Page.) ployed. One newspaper estimated 1.200.000 persons are Jobless in the Parts area. When the 600.000 persons who fled j from the area return along with in numerable demobilized soldiers the total unemployed will be much ; higher. Of those without jobs a j third have no funds. The others have resources which might last from tw'o w7eeks to a month. The French made no demonstra tions upon receiving the announce ment of the signing of the armistice. Most citizens want to return as quickly as possible to something ap proximating normal life and to for get the terrible weeks of the spring of 1940. Following the signing of the arm istice fewer German soldiers were aeon in Paris, the boulevards became somewhat busier and more shops took dowm their shutters and opened for trade. The day of mourning proclaimed by the Bordeaux government was not evident in Paris. Policemen stood on their usual corners while firemen removed sandbags from monuments and public buildings. “France today has recovered peace.” said the newspaper Les Dernieres Nouvelles. It added: "Dragged into this unfortunate j sdventure by politicians and ill fated influences, she has seen ruins and misfortunes again pile up. : Marshal Petain today asks all Frenchmen for the effort necessary to restore the country morally and materially. "Formed behind him. we w-ill re ply in unanimous chorus, Vive La France!” ' AXIS RESTRAINS HUNGARY, BULGARIA—The big Balkan question last night was whether Ger many and Italy—with Russia marching into Bessarabia—could keep Hungary and Bulgaria from pressing their claims on Rumania. The Axis’ object of keeping its Danube supply line open was further complicated last night by Russian seizure of German-owned materials at Chilia Harbor and Baltzi in Rumania. —A.P. Wirephoto. Russia's Rumanian Invasion Seen as Protectorate Move Link With Bulgaria Would Creat A Slav Military Barrier Across Balkans of Russian garrisons at home key j points. The Russians are likely to press I very strongly for such advantages j as they now mean to obtain from Turkey and they are likely to temper I their demands within the possible I limits of Turkish acceptance; for there is always in the background the possibility of a German victory over Britain as complete as that over France, in which case the British might be compelled to with draw their fleet and army from the Eastern Mediterranean region. And turkey might turn to Germany. While the possibility, mentioned in London dispatches, of a British Turkish - Russian alignment, not j necessarily for the prosecution of war but for a "peace offensive” to obtain reasonable terms from Ger many, cannot be discounted alto gether. it is much too early to begin anticipating any such event, Reports of a possible peace seem to have originated in Berlin, which is inter esting in view of all that is known about Germany's resources and the strong possibility of famine in Europe this winter unless swords can be laid aside for plowshares and the restrictions of blockade re moved. Such an alignment would be an illustration of the working of the time honored principles of the bal ance of power, which has been oper ative through all recorded history: and were it to come to pass the attitude of Italy would be another interesting point to observe. But it must be emphasi/.ed that there is nothing whatever now to indicate that the British have the smallest intention of seeking peace; and while their situation is dark, it is not without some gleam of hope. (Copyright. 1940. New York Tribune, Inc.) j Bv MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING ELIOT. “The basic struggle in the Bal kans,” once remarked Milan Stoya j dinovich, “is the struggle between the Teuton and the Slav.” Of course, it is not as simple as that. The situation is immensely | complicated by the presence and pressure of peoples who are neither Teuton nor Slav—Rumanians, Mag yars, Turks. Greeks. Italians. Yet when all is said and done, the Balkans are a necessary economic and strategic unit for the dreamers | of Mitteleuropa, and the Russian. ! whether he obeys Tsar or Soviet, can never rest easily with Germany ; standing at the mouth of the Danube nor can he forget that the Balkans are his path to* the fulfill ment of a dream older than Mit teleuropa—the possession of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus. For centuries the lesser peoples ; of the Balkan Peninsula have been : pawns—unhappy pawns, for the most part—on the international | chess board. They remain so today. Protectorate Move Seen. There will be many explanations offered of Russia's motives in choos ( mg this moment for an advance into Rumania. Probably the truth will not be known until much later, but on the face of w-hat evidence is available, it certainly appears that this is only the opening gambit in a plan for reviving, under Soviet leadership, the ancient preroga tives of Russia as the protector of the Slavs of the Balkans. Rus sian diplomacy has been active in the two Slav, capitals—Sofia and Belgrade. Russia demands not only Bessarabia and Northern Bucovina, but also the ports at the mouths of the Danube, control of which area would enable Russia to join hands w’ith Bulgaria, were the latter, with I the Russian support, to obtain the i return of the Dobrudja. A Russian-Bulgarian pact, under such circumstances, would in turn bring Russian power to the frontier ! of Yugoslavia. Thus a Slav mili tary barrier would be constructed. | stretching right across the Balkan Peninsula from the Adriatic to the Black Sea. it is well understood in Moscow that Germany's real objectives lie to the East and Southeast, where control of essential raw materials and food stuffs can be obtained. A swift freeing of German hands in the West can only be followed by a Ger man turn to the East; this was doubtless anticipated by the Rus sians, but also, they may well have supposed, they had time to prepare for such an eventuality, and in any case when Germany had finished with the Western powers she would be in no state for immediate fresh enterprises. The sudden collapse of French resistance upset these com fortable calculations, and demanded that Immediate steps be taken to secure the Russian position in the Balkans. This seems by far the most reasonable explanation of what has happened, and the best obtainable guide to the immediate future. Hungary Is Factor. It will be interesting to watch Russian reaction to Hungary's claims, especially if Hungary now tries to obtain Transylvania by force of arms. If this happens, and Ru mania resists, Russia is in a posi tion to crush that resistance very easily. Should she do so. it would be a straw in the wind, at least, to suggest that there is a Russo-Ger man agreement on the subject. Should she not do so, and especially if she advances through Moldavia right up to the natural defense bar rier of the Carpathians, or even makes counter-demands on Hun gary for the province of Ruthenia. a different line of speculation is in dicated. Still more decisive would be Russian pressure on Hungary to stay out of Transylvania. This sit uation holds the possibility of a German-Russian clash, but it is only a possibility on which already too many specious hopes have been built in London and elsewhere. The situation of Turkey, mean while, is becoming rather precarious. Protected by distance from direct German attack, and hardly in dan ger from Italy at the moment be cause of British command of the eastern Mediterranean, Turkey must, nevertheless, regard the future with misgivings. In Syria, the strong French Army, which was one of her chief props, appears to be giving up any part in the war. The Russians are moving south toward the his toric straits. She has a long land frontier with Russia east of the Black Sea. Her fleet, especially if it could get British support, can command the Black Sea against the Russians, but if direct land com munication between Russia and Bulgaria be established, the Turkish fleet cannot prevent the advance of Russian and Bulgarian armies into Thrace. Turkey in Bad Spot. With the French gone, the British armies in Palestine and Egypt are not strong enough to hold the frontiers of Egypt and the Sudan against the Italians, and simultaneously to detach any really worthwhile reinforcements to help Turkey, even if Britain were now disposed toward armed conflict with the Soviet—and British tendencies show the opposite inclination. Par ticularly is British air power in this region insufficient by itself to give aid to Turkey. But a German Italian victory over Britain would leave Turkey without a close friend, exposed to the assault of her enemies. Hence Turkish diplomacy must now, almost certainly, turn toward a closer rapprochement with the Soviet Union, and Turkish support can be of the greatest value as a backstop to any Slav bloc on the Balkans. This will not necessarily alienate Turkey from Britain; quite the contrary, one might suppose, though again a warning must. be given against assuming that Rus sia is playing Britain's game, or any one's game save her own. Tur key will probably have to pay a price for Russian friendship; per haps free passage of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus, perhaps even the giving up of her fleet (the sole obstacle to Russian dominance of the Black Sea) and the admission Bucharest (Continued From First Page.) ply trains, motorized infantry and soldiers on foot. Eyewitnesses said a scarcity of supply trucks indicated that the army intended to live on the land. In some isolated points on the Rumanian frontier forces not in formed of the country's capitulation fired on Soviet planes and engaged the advance Red Army units. Other reports told of several scat tered machine gun actions in which an undetermined number of Rus sian soldiers were wounded. But for the most part the Rumanian fron tier force simply stood silently by. watching the entry of troops against whom, for 21 years, their own army , had stood guard. Bessarabia's population of 4.000. 000—one of the most conglomerate in Europe—took the occupation with feelings as mixed as their blood con nections. Hundreds of thousands of Jews, who only a few days ago had ex pressed terror that Rumania’s new totalitarian government might be come as anti-Semitic as the old Goga regime, were declared by the Russians to have welcomed the So viet arrival. 1,000,000 Cheer Arrival. These same sources asserted that Russians and Ukrainians—about 1. 000.000 of them scattered through ; the province—cheered the arrival of j the Red forces, waving their long outlawed red flags, throwing flow- j ers on the troops and giving them ; wdne and black bread. The Bulgarians—of whom there Many Factors to Be Weighed. It may be objected that this, too, | is an over-simplification and prob ably it is. There are many other fac \ tors to be considered, Turkey would naturally be anxious at any em placement of Russian power so close ) to the Dardanelles as the Bulgarian frontier. Greece would recall Bul garian ambitions for the return of i the ‘ window of the Aegean."—Ka valla. Hungary, longing for the re i turn of her lost province of Tran | sylvania, cannot be expected to see revisionist claims against Rumania accomplished by Russia and Bul ; garia without striving for her own | cut of the pie. Hungary might be backed by Germany and,or Italy, i just as Russia backs Bulgaria. In deed. it is possible that the Berlin j claim that the Russian advance i into Rumania is part of a Russo . Axis agreement may be true, though it looks like Nazi face-saving, the making the best of a situation about which nothing can be done for the moment. Italy wants the Dalma tian coast and so cannot be happy over anything which strengthens Yugoslavia. Yet in trying to analyze a situation so confusing, one inevitably returns to the fundamentals—to the really great powers whose interests are in volved. Germany and Russia. The whole policy of Russia in this war so far has not been to help Ger many, but to advance Russian in terests and fortify Russian military security. This has been done in the j north, on the Baltic shore, in Po 1 land: there remains the Balkan front. Nazi Victory Would Be Blow. The defeat of France came so swift ly as to take the world—no doubt in cluding the Krpmlin — utterly by surprise. There is no reason to sup pose the military advisers of the Russian government to be any more gifted with prescience in this mat ter than those of other governments. A long and wearing struggle between the Western capitalistic states, of fering perhaps in the end opportuni ties for Communistic revolution, would suit the Kremlin very well. An Allied victory, while having un pleasant possibilities, would not necessarily be fatal. 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N.W. at G Georretown Elee. Co , 150ft Wise. Ave. Film. loft 9:30 A.M. Ready 4:80 F.M.I Mexican Army Ready, But Officials Predict Peaceful Election Nation Will Go to Polls Next Sunday to Name New President By the Associated Presi. MEXICO CITY, June 29.—Mexi co’s Army stands on call tonight to stamp out trouble in Mexioo’s bit ter presidential election of a week from tomorrow—July 7—but officials insist there is not going to be any revolution. Most well-informed Mexicans are inclined to agree. The bitterness and excitement are manifest, however. The issues are the six-year works of President Lazaro Cardenas, barred by the constitution from succeeding himself. But the “administration" candi date, Gen. Manuel Avila Camacho, nominee of the Party of the Mexican Revolutionary (P. R. M.t, is pledged to carry out the Cardenas policies. These policies in six years have brought the expropriation of United States and other foreign oil proper ties, the seizure of thousands of farms from wealthy owners and their division among the poor, and strikes and other labor practices which, businessmen and industrial ists charge, have wrecked Mexico’s economy. Gen. Camacho’s followers, how I ever, say he is more conservative than Cardenas. He has hinted that, | if elected, he might form a coalition ! j government. Almazan Is Independent. Gen. Camacho's opponent is in i dependent Gen. Juan Andreu Al | mazan, who proposes to reverse the Cardenas policies or, at any rate, those which he contends have upset national economy and encouraged communistic practices. These last he has promised to stamp out. j Gen. Camacho's followers, how ever, call Gen. Almazan “the ran i didate of the reactionaries—capital ists and others who do not favor -— are 200.000—and Germans—of w'hom there are 100.000—stood in groups discussing what might lie in store for them. To millions of Rumanians it was a black day—in contrast to the day I 21 years ago when Bessarabia was j taken from the Russians. Most of them took it with resig nation, but there was some street fighting in the larger cities between Russians, Ukrainians and Ru manians. The Rumanian air line, which used to take the Rumanian papers to Bessarabia, suspended service 24 hours before Russia had made her demands, and so only a small per centage of the population knew of the developments until the Soviet forces arrived. Many wealthy landowners had re ceived advance notice to flee, but they were trapped by the severance of railway communications and the impossibility of getting automobiles through the refugee-jammed roads. Public Buildings Taken Over. As Red troops arrived in the towns public buildings were taken over and the Red flag immediately run up. Most Rumanian officials had left. J with official documents, securities j and money, before the Russians ap peared. The Rumanian military was mak ing a great effort to bring across the River Prut—the western boundary of Bessarabia—as many of their tanks and artillery pieces as possible before the evacuation deadline of noon Tuesday. Russian troops were reported to be turning back many of the resi dents of Bessarabia and Bucovina who had been unexpectedly caught , out of those areas. STOCKHOLM.—KING GUSTAF SAVES GASOLINE—King Gus taf V of Sweden shown recently In his Swedish field uniform. In the background is the horse cab which he uses now in conform ance with the government order to conserve gasoline. The 82 year-old monarch is active in the management of his country. —Wide World Photo. the humanitarian program which Cardenas has initiated.’’ Both candidates say they favor co-operation with the United States and Pan-American solidarity. How ever, Gen. Almazan has been more outspoken about United States co operation. Machine Politics Charged. Gen. Almazan accuses the admin istration of machine politics which, he says, have denied thousands of his followers their voting creden tials. Gen. Camacho men sav this isn’t true; that even if it were, the law permits citizens to identify them l selves at the polls and vote without the credentials. Cardenas, going about the coun try’ quietly on his habitually fre quent trips, says the people's vote will be respected. The administra j tion insists Gen. Almazan will not be counted out. j Officially, the result of the elec ! tion may not be known until mid September. 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