Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, July 04, 1940, Image 1

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Evening star. [volume], July 04, 1940, Image 1
About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.), 04 July 1940. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. <https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1940-07-04/ed-1/seq-1/>

Newspaper Page Text

Weather Forecast T ' j
„ Clearing and somewhat warmer this Circulation Gains
afternoon; fair tonight and tomorrow;
slightly warmer tomorrow. Tempera- The circulation of The Evening
tures today-ffighest, 64, at noon; low- star is 11(000 daily greater than at
From the1United “at,. Weather Bureau report. this time last year and 23,000
fuii details on Page a-2. greater than 2 years ago.
_New York Markets Closed Today._ _ A......«.d'rr.... J
68th YEAR. No. 35,128._WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1940—THIRTY-FOUR PAGES. ** THREE CENTS.
CHURCHILL CLAIMS LARGE PROPORTION'
OF FRENCH FLEET; FIGHTING CONTINUES
-- ♦
Prime Minister Near Tears Giving
Account of Bizarre Naval Battle
Navies Virtually at War;
Bretagne Class Battleship
Sunk, Commons Is Told
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, July 4.—Great Britain has disabled, destroyed
in battle or taken over under her own colors a “large pro
portion” of the French Navy lest it fall into German hands,
Prime Minister Churchill announced today in the House of
Commons.
Even as the Prime Minister addressed the House, British
and French naval units still at large in the Mediterranean
and elsewhere were virtually at war. v
Brushing tears from his cheeks, Mr. Churchill delivered to the
tensely quiet House and crowded galleries an account of the British
French engagements which started yesterday afternoon off Oran
and Mers El-Kebir, Algeria, which brought, according to the Prime
Minister’s account:
Sinking of a battleship of the Bretagne class and heavy
damage to another;
Damage and grounding of a battle cruiser of the Stras
bourg class;
Sinking or firing of two destroyers and an airplane
carrier; and torpedoing of a battle cruiser, either the Stras
bourg or the Dunkerque, as she joined other ships in a dash
toward the French continental base of Toulon.
Mr. Churchill said the Dunkerque would be out of action “for
many months to come.”
No Interference From Italy. '
The British carried out their assault on the French at Mers
El-Kebir without interference from Italy, Mr. Churchill said.
“The Italian fleet kept prudently out of the way,” he com
mented. “We shall take the necessary steps to maintain command
of the Mediterranean.”
Summarizing the extent of British control over French fleet
units, Mr. Churchill disclosed that many warships entered the Eng
lish ports of Plymouth and Portsmouth about 10 days ago.
The units in these two ports and at Sheerness were listed as:
Two battleships, two light cruisers, some submarines, including
the world’s largest, the Surcouf, eight destroyers and 200 small
mine-sweeping and anti-submarine craft.
A British seaman and a French officer were killed and a
French officer, two British officers and one enlisted man wounded in
“a scuffle” aboard the Surcouf. The rest of the seizure operations
in England were without bloodshed, the Prime Minister said.
At Alexandria, Mr. Churchill said, the British retained control
over a French battleship, four French cruisers and a number of
smaller ships. They joined British warships in fighting off an
Italian air raid, when they were informed they could not leave that
British Mediterranean base.
Secret Debate Follows Report.
When Mr. Churchill finished his speech the House went into
secret debate. Earlier it had been announced that secret debate
on economic warfare is scheduled for next Tuesday.
The Prime Minister’s audience stood and cheered the announce
ment that a “large proportion” of the French fleet had been kept
from falling into German hands. The scene bordered on the
hysterical.
But there was a hush upon the crowd when Mr. Churchill
described the battle o%Oran between the British battle squadron
and the French warships.
It was perhaps the most bizarre naval engagement of all time,
for it pitted against each other men who called each other comrade
only a half month ago.
Commenting on the battle which raged onward from yesterday
afternoon off Oran and the naval base of Mers El-Kebir, Mr.
Churchill said:
“I fear the loss of life among the French and in the harbor
must have been heavy, as we were compelled to use very severe
measures and immense explosions were observed.”
The Prime Minister told the tensely listening House that the
<See-LONDON, Page'A^X)
French Battleship Bretagne Reported
Blown Up by Mine in Trying to Flee
By the Associated Press.
BERLIN, July 4.—The French
battleships Dunkerque and Provence
end the flotilla leader Mogador have
been set afire by British naval bom
bardment and now are burning in
Oran Harbor, DNB, German official
news agency, reported today.
DNB said the French battleship
Bretagne was blown up while at
tempting to leave port, “evidently
having struck one of the magnetic
mines laid by the British.”
The battleship Strasbourg, five
flotilla leaders and a number of
torpedo boats and submarines suc
ceeded in fighting their way through
a ring of British warships and reach
ing the MediterranAn, the agency
declared.
At the time of the attack of the
British fleet. DNB said, some of the
French ships were without steam
and could not use their heavy
artillery.
The agency said the British
opened fire with long-range guns.
(Jane's fighting ships, author
itative work on world navies,
shows the Provence a 22,189-ton
battleship, completed in 1913, and
with a normal complement of
1,133 men. She carries ten 13.4
inch guns and fourteen 5.5-inch
guns as main armament.
i The Dunkerque has a displace
ment of 26,500 tons and carried
eight 13-inch guns and sixteen
5.1-inch guns as well as other
armament. Her normal comple
ment is 1.381 men. Completed in
1935. she is one of the finest ships
of the French Navy.
(The flotilla leader Mogador is
listed as one of the French
Mogador class of six heavy de
stroyers of 2.884 tons displace
ment. a complement of 238 men
and main armament of eight 5.5
inch guns and ten 21.7-inch
torpedo tubes.
(The Strasbourg is the sister
ship of the Dunkerque, with the
same specifications. She was
completed in 1936. The Bretagne,
siste’r ship of the Provence, was
completed in 1913 with the same
specifications as the Provence.)
DNB said the French government
informed the German Armistice
Commission of its intention to sink
French warships if they were at
tacked and unable to escape the
British fleet. This procedure meets
the terms of the French-German
armistice, the agency said.
The French decision was said to
have been communicated to the
German commission at Wiesbaden
(See BERLIN, Page A-2.)
Mosley and Followers
Face Exile in Dominions
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, July 4—The govern
ment is considering the removal of
Sir Oswald Mosley, Fascist leader,
and similar friends of Fascism to
dominions to place them beyond
reach of rescue by invaders, Sir John
Anderson, home secretary, told the
House of Commons today.
New Belgian Capital
BERLIN, July 4 (i/P) by radio).—
The German radio broadcast today
a report from French sources at
Geneva that the Belgian govern
ment had established' residence at
Vichy, France.
a
Anything French
Do to British Now
0. K. With Hitler
By the Associated Press.
BERLIN, July 4.—Adolf Hitler :
gave the French Navy virtual per
mission today to do anything it
pleases against the British fleet, au
thorized German sources said.
A communique referred to the
scuttling of such French ships as
cannot escape seizure by the British
as one measure permitted by Hit
ler's order.
A German authority added that
the Germans "certainly would not
object” if a French submarine sank
a British warship, although such
action was not specifically mentioned
in the communique.
German Air Raids
On Britain Continue;
Loss Reported Slight
7 Foe Craft Destroyed,
6 Damaged Yesterday,
Air Ministry Says
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, July 4.—Anti-aircraft
batteries wxnt into action in South
east England this morning as three
German raiders crossed the coast
and flew inland at a great alti
tude. Two heavy detonations were
heard.
At another southeastern point a
lone raider flew over a town and
disappeared. Townspeople took
shelter, but no gunfire was heard
and no bombs fell.
Earlier in the day. German war
planes flew over a southwest Eng
land district. Anti-aircraft guns did
not go into action, but other planes
were heard, apparently British de
fense craft.
A British fighter also took the air
from a northeast coast airdrome
when an unidentified plane, believed
German, crossed into England, but
soon afterwards flew out to sea.
Bombs Cause No Damage.
A German plane appeared near a
towm in Northeast England this
morning, dived low and machine
gunned the ground. Two high ex
plosive bombs dropped without dam
age or casualties.
Later reports said German planes
dropped several bombs on a south
west coast town before they were
engaged by Spitfire fighter planes
and chfcsed out to sea. Watchers
said it appeared that two German
planes of the group of about 20
were shot down.
The Air Ministry announced,
meantime, that latest reports from
yesterday's steady air raids on Eng
land showed seven German bombers
were destroyed and six more dam
aged so severely that it is unlikely
they were able to return to their
bases.
Joint Communique Issued.
The government announced seven
persons were killed and 77 wounded,
one of those killed being the engi
neer of a passenger train struck
while en route between two south
coast towns. The 24-hour total of
raid casualties was 20 killed and 197
wounded.
German planes dropped bombs “at
random’’ over the east coast of
England last night without causing
any casualties, it was announced
officially.
The Air Ministry and the Minis
try of Home Security in a joint
communique said:
“In the course of last night a
small number of enemy aircraft
carried out intermittent attacks over
the eastern counties.
“A few bombs were dropped at
random, one building being set on
fire, but no casualties have been re
ported ”
Prime Minister Churchill called
on King George at Buckingham
Palace last night, presumably to
discuss the latest developments in
advance of his appearance before
Commons today.
R. A. F. Raids Germany;
15 Reported Killed
BERLIN, July 4 (/P).—British air
men, said to have been benefited by
low-hanging clouds, bombed several
points yesterday in Northern and
Western Germany, “unscrupulously
attacking the civilian population,”
according to the German high com
mand.
In Hamburg and Barmbeck Brit
ish bombs killed 11 children, 3 wom
en and 1 man, it was said, while 11
other children and 9 women were
injured.
The communique also noted Brit
ish raids over Belgium and the
Netherlands last night, but said they
caused no "noteworthy damage.”
Six British planes were reported de*
stroyed, as against four missing from
the German air farce.
Italians Reported
Speeding to Aid
Fleeing Vessels
By the Associated Press.
GENEVA, July 4.—The British
Navy has turned in battle on
naval units of France, her former
ally, with demands that they re
join the British cause, scuttle
themselves or try to fight their
way out.
With the British determined
to hold the whip hand at sea
despite France’s capitulation, one
British - French naval battle
raged at Mers El-Kebir, French
Algerian base, and another clash
was reported at Casablanca,
French Morocco.
Adding to the possibility that
the Mediterranean and African
waters west of Gibraltar might
soon become one vast field for rov
ing naval combat was a report that
the Italian war fleet was speeding
to the aid of the French at Mers
El-Kebir.
The Petain government of France
ordered French warships at Alex
andria to fight their way home to
surrender in accord with the armi
stice which ended hostilities be
tween France and the axis powers.
To Fight Way Home.
French warships were ordered to
stop all British merchantmen on
the high seas, and all of the great
French Navy, which once operated
under British guidance, was direct
ed to fight "in event of any new
aggression.”
The report of a new battle at
Casablanca and movement of the
Italian fleet came from Berlin in a
dispatch by the correspondent of
the Geneva newspaper Le Journal de
Geneve. There was no immediate
confirmation.
Casablanca is more than 400 miles
west of Mers El-Kebir on the Afri
can Atlantic coast. Mers El-Kebir
is on the Mediterranean, within the
British-dominated Gibraltar gate
way. It lies next to Oran.
vDunkerque Reported Afire.
German reports were that the
French battleships Dunkerque and
Provence and the flotilla leader
Mogador had been fired at Mers El
Kebir by long-range British bom
bardment.
The British attacking fleet at Mers
El-Kebir was reported to include
three powerful warships, while the
opposing French units included the
(See GENEVA, Page A-3.)
War Bulletins
LONDON W,—Two German
planes were reported shot
down in attempting attacks
on England this afternoon.
Residents on the southeast
coast said they believed they
saw one German plane crash
in the sea after being attacked
by British planes. Another
was reported downed by Brit
ish fighters over Southwest
England.
SOFIA, Bulgaria (^.—Offi
cial circles reported today
Bulgaria has received assur
ances from Germany and
Italy that her claims for an
nexing Dobruja from Ru
mania would be supported in a
future peace settlement.
Bulgaria, it was said, asked
Moscow, Berlin and Rome to
state their attitude on the
Dobruja question. A reply
from Russia still is' awaited.
Summary of
Page.
Amusements,
A-10
Comics B-18-19
Editorials __A-6
Lost, Found B-15
Obituary ...A-8
Page.
Radio _B-18
Serial Story B-12
Sports A-12-13
Society _B-3
Woman’s Page,
B-14
Foreign
German air raids on Britain con
tinue; damage slight. Page A-l
Hungary clears airports to guard
against surprise attacks. Page A-ll
Japan urges U. S. “hands-off” policy
to relieve tension. Page A-14
National.
West Coast marine strike canceled
at last moment. Page A-l
Youth training program message to
follow defense plan. Page A-l
Roosevelt-Hull ticket predicted in
high political circles. Page A-l
Army draws plans for armored corps
to outstrip “panzers.” Page A-2
Clue to Roosevelt’s intentions may
come in library talk. Page A-4
Aluminum industry strike hangs on
conference. Page B-2#
Washington and Vicinity
D’Alesandro asks report on outlay
for traffic lights. Page B-l
m
■READY FoiT\
DUTY, SIR!/
The Forgotten Man—Who Fights but Does Not Vote!
7,000 Die in Panic as German
Sub Sinks British Prison Ship
Survivor Tells How German and Italian
Internees Fought for Places in Boats
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, July 4.—The first sur
vivor of the torpedoed British pris
on ship Arandora Star to reach Lon
don today said the decks of the liner
“were a sea of faces as she went
down. A cloud of steam rose 100
feet into the air, and the suctkn
dragged lifeboats and men c'own
with her.”
The survivor was Martin Verinder,
18-year-old steward who was among
the 1,000-odd landed yesterday at a
port in Western Scotland. Their
arrival left missing almost 1.000 of
the 2,000 who were aboard—1.500
Germans and Italians being taken to
Canada for internment and 500
members of the crew and British
soldier guards.
Two American seamen were dis
closed today to have been among
the survivors of the Arandora Star.
They are R. McKay, Somerville,
Mass., and R. Stewart, San Fran
cisco.
Prisoners Sent Into Panic.
A torpedo launched by a German
submarine ripped open the liner off
the west coast of Ireland Tuesday
morning and sent the prisoners into
a panic. At least 800 Germans and
Italians who fought to reach the
lifeboats were believed to have lost
(See ARANDORA STAR. Page A-2>
Marine Union Cancels
Strike on West Coast
After Wage Increase
Secretary Perkins and
Hillman Make Pleas
Avoiding Ships Tie-up
By the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 4—The
long-feared West Coast marine
strike was canceled today, minutes
after the midnight deadline which
was to have sent C. I. O. marine
cooks and stewards to the picket
lines to blockade 175 American flag
ships.
The union, in full membership
meeting, at 2:33 a.m. voted with a
unanimous roar of approval to rati
fy the memorandum peace formula
adopted after midnight by their
negotiators. They won a 10 per
cent wage adjustment.
The formula was based on a pro
posal by Harry Bridges, and ac
ceptance came half an hour after
Secretary of Labor Perkins wired
an urgent peace plea to the union.
Bridges, California C. I. O. direc
tor, had been asked to intervene by
Sidney Hillman, C. I. O. vice presi
iSee STRIKE. Page A-147)
Today's Star
Pre-holiday traffic accidents claim
two deaths. Page B-l
Editorial and Comment
Answers to Questions. Page A-6
This and That. Page A-6
Letters to The Star. Page A-6
David Lawrence. Page A-7
Alsop and Kintner. Page A-7
G. Gould Lincoln. Page A-7
Jay Franklin. Page A-7
Constantine Brown. Page A-7
Sports
Tiger-Indian scrap for lead tops
holiday baseball bill. PageA-12
A. A. U. aquatic meet lures top pet
formers of Nation. Page A-12
Remaining mid-Atlantic net
matches to benefit Red Cross.
Page A-13
Long hitters favored in war relief
golf show. Page A-13
Miscellany
Vital Statistics. Page B-15
Nature’s Children. Page B-15
Service Orders. Page B-15
Bedtime Story. Page B-18
Letter-Out. Page B-18
Cross-Word Puzzle. Page B-19
Uncle Ray’s Corner. Page B-19
Winning Contract. Page B-19
Roosevelt and Hull
Will Form Ticket,
Leaders Predict
High Democratic Circles
Report President Has
Decided to Run Again
By the Associated Press.
A Roosevelt-Hull ticket was fore
cast today In high Democratic cir
cles which have become convinced
that the President will accept a
third term nominatiom.
Although Mr. Roosevelt has given
no public hint of his intentions,
usually authoritative sources de
clared that he has made up his
mind to run and that he wants
Secretary of State Hull for the
vice presidential nominee.
Mr. Hull has been mentioned fre
quently for first place on the Dem
ocratic slate if the Chief Execu
tive should not run, but only re
cently has his name come to the
fore in vice presidential talk. He
personally has held aloof from po
litical discussion and may even be
en route to the Pan American Con
ference in Havana while the Dem
ocratic Convention is meeting.
Call Hull Logical Choice.
Those who believe Mr. Roosevelt
will break precedent and agree to
carry his party's standard once
more contend that he will be im
pelled by the European crisis and
American defense needs. For that
reason they picture Secretary Hull
as a logical running mate, since he
is the cabinet member handling for
eign relations.
One small group of politicians has
(See POLITICSrPage A-2J
Neutrality Act Keeps
Earle Out of R. A. F.
By the Associated Press.
SOFIA, July 4.—George H. Earle,
4th, son of the United States Min
ister to Bulgaria, has been prevented
from joining the British Royal Air
Force by the American Neutrality
Act and will try to reach home to
enlist in the United States air force,
his father said today.
‘iMy son did not understand that
the Neutrality Act applied to an
American holding no governmental
position and living outside America
until the Department of State ad
vised me,” said the elder Earle, for
mer Governor of Pennsylvania.
“The British have informed me
that he has not as yet enlisted in the
air force. George will leave Sofia to
morrow and will try to reach home
via Africa. He has received word
that the American air force needs
men and he will join up 11 he Is able
t» reach America.”
Compulsory Military
Training Message
Likely Within 10 Days
Will Follow Roosevelt
Request for S Billions
More for Defense
By the Associated Press.
Billions more for defense was the
word today as the United States
observed the 164th anniversary of
the Declaration of Independence,
and there were indications that the
immense new preparedness request
would be followed by recommenda
tions for a youth training program.
Notice that a new $5,000,000,000
, defense program was in the making
| came from the White House yes
1 terday after President Roosevelt
and his chief defense advisers gave
it their approval.
Matching in size the $5,000,000,000
already voted for the current fiscal
year, the supplementary plans were
mapped to hasten the Nation toward
the goal of a 50,000-plane air force,
and to procure tanks, artillery and
other equipment in mass produc
tion quantities for the expanding
Army.
The immense expansion proposal
will be placed before Congress next
week, officials said. Congress prob
ably will be asked to make outright
appropriations for about half the
new program, and to provide author
ization for the remainder, leaving
the additional funds to be voted
later.
Roosevelt Works on Message.
Meanwhile, President Roosevelt
was reported to be at work on the
new’ defense message at Hyde Park,
where he is passing the holiday. It
was expected there that he would
send the message to Congress next
Monday or Tuesday.
With this new message from the
President in prospect, well-informed
legislators said that within 10 days
(See DEFENSE, Page A-14.)
MacCurtain Not Hanged;
Loses Habeas Corpus Plea
By the Associated Pjess.
DUBLIN, July 4.—The Dublin
High Court refused today an appli
cation for a conditional writ of
habeas corpus on behalf of Tomas
MacCurtain, 22-year-old son of the
former Lord Mayor of Cork, sen
tenced to be hanged tomorrow for
the murder of Detective John Roche
at Cork last January 4.
An appeal was taken to the Su
preme Court, which sits at 11 a.m.
tomorrow.
Dispatches which reported that
MacCurtain was hanged yesterday
were erroneous.
In Belfast the outlawed Irish Re
publican Army circulated the fol
lowing declaration:
“If De Valera (Prime Minister
Eamon de Valera of Ireland) carries
treachery so far as to authorize the
murder of this Republican soldier
(MacCurtain) he will have cause to
regret it in a very short time.”
Stratoclipper Service
To Latin America Starts
By the Associated Press.
MIAMI. Fla., July 4—The Na
tion’s first fleet of stratoclippers
went into service today between
Miami and Latin America, providing
faster passenger service and bring
ing six-day-a-week mail service to
every capital in South America.
Three 20-ton, four-engined land
planes will provide the key to
Pan-American Airways’ new service
by cutting traveling time between
Miami and Baranqullla, Colombia,
from two days to about six hours.
Carol Appoints
New Cabinet of
Pro-Germans
Gigurtu Is Premier;
Soviet Demands on
Bridges Reported
By the Associated Press.
BUCHAREST, July 4.—King Carol
II named a new staunchly pro-Ger
man government today as uncon
firmed reports circulated persistent
ly in the capital that Soviet Russia
had made new demands on Ru
mania.
These demands, as yet not con
firmed officially, were said to call for
Soviet control of all bridges along
the Prut and Danube Rivers where
these rivers form the new Soviet
Rumanian frontier.
The new cabinet, under the lead
ership of Ion Gigurtu, staunch
friend of Nazi Germany, was quickly
formed. It included 10 former mem
bers of the pro-Nazi Iron Guard and
4 former members of the anti
Semitic Goga government, which,
early in 1938. inaugurated a reign of
terror against Jews before It was
dismissed by King Carol.
Diplomatic observers today feared
new outbreaks of anti-Semitic vio
lence as these men returned to office.
Succeeds Tatarescu.
Gigurtu succeeded George Tata
rescu. whose pro-AUied government
resigned this morning as students
ranged Bucharest streets in anti
Semitic demonstrations and many
wounded were reported in anti-Jew
ish disturbances throughout the
country.
Like Hitler and Mussolini. Gigurtu
becomes the chief of the government
as well as the head of the nation's
single political party.
Vice premier in the new cabinet
is Gen. Mihail Ionescu, known as the
army's strongest disciplinarian.
The Ministry of Interior is headed
by the Iron Guardist, Gen. Ion
Stanaciu.
Another Iron Guardist, Nichifor
Crainic, heads the Propaganda Min
istry, and the portfolio of culture
went to the chief of the Iron Guard,
Horia Sima.
The Foreign Affairs Ministry also
is headed by an Iron Guardist,
Mihail Manoilescu, while national
defense is in the hands of Gen.
David Popescu, former member of
the Goga cabinet.
King May Take Back Seal.
Informed political quarters ex
pressed the belief King Carol II now
may take a back seat for the time
being, at least—perhaps" something
like King Victor Emmanuel in Italy.
There have been many reports
that the pro-Nazi Iron Guard has
been clamoring for abdication of
King Carol as the man personally
responsible for the loss of Bessa
rabia and Northern Bucovina to
Russia. Other leaders, on the other
hand, reportedly have urged him to
stay.
Tatarescu's resignation had been
in the cards since the government’s
recent renunciation of its French
British guarantees of territorial in
tegrity in favor of orientation
toward Germany.
Tatarescu was strongly pro-ally.
He once declared publicly that Ru
mania s alliance with France was
“unshakable.”
Gigurtu was named chief of the
party of the nation after Ernst
Urdenau announced his resignation
from the post.
New Precautions Taken.
Rumania, meanwhile, took new
precautions against possible landings
of parachute troops, while King
(See RUMANIA, Page A-2.)
Plane Carrier Illustrious
Hit by Torpedo, Nazis Say
By the Associated Press.
BERLIN, July 4.—The British "
airplane carrier Illustrious has
sustained a torpedo hit, the Ger
man high command announced to
day.
“A submarine commanded by First
Lt. Endrasz effected a torpedo hit
on the newest British airplane
carrier Illustrious,” a communique
said, giving no further details.
The high command also reported
air attacks on Britain’s Channel and
North Sea quays, coastal fortifica
tions, airports, barracks and arms
plants. Among the establishments
bombed yesterday, it said, were an
army camp at Aldershot, an air
plane plant at Reading and heavy
coastal batteries near New Haven.
Ranging the sea, German air
raiders were said to have scored two
heavy bomb hits on a "large vessel"
in a British convoy.
No Late Editions
Today
Following its usual holi
day custom The Star will
not publish late afternoon
editions today. Subscrib
ers to the 5:30, Night Final
and Night Final Sports
editions will receive the
regular Home Edition.
4

Evening star. [volume], July 04, 1940, Image 1
About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Evening star. [volume], July 04, 1940, Image 1 About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Evening star. [volume], July 04, 1940, Image 1
About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972