Evening star. [volume], August 06, 1940, Page A-6, Image 6

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Soviet Stamps Out
Lithuania's Patriots,
Dispatch Discloses
Hundreds Are Reported
Slain, Jailed or Taken to
Russia; Suicides Prevalent
By BLAIR BOLLES.
In protest against the decision of
Lithuanian to join the Soviet Union,
Col. Pranas Saladzius, the former
chief of the Lith home guard, has
killed himself and his son, and thou
sands of other prominent Lithua
nians have been murdered, Jailed or
sent to Moscow in custody, according
to a diplomatic dispatch seen here
today after it was sent past the
pro-Russian censorship in Lithu
ania.
This dispatch, and a memoran
dum issued by the detlant Lithua
nian Minister, Povilas Zadeikis, tell
the story of the strange steps lead
ing up to the death of Lithuania as
a sovereign republic, describing the
force brought upon the Lithuanians
by the Russian secret police, Russian
Army and Russian political agents to
come to the decision that now has
made Lithuania a Russian province.
The terror under way is aimed at
the elimination of the most force
ful anti-Russian elements.
Minister Zadeikis has announced
that he considers himself the diplo
matic representative here of a free
and independent Lithuania. The
United States Government supports
him in that view.
Moscow Sent Ultimatum.
Lithuania first felt the fatal Rus
sian pressure May 25, the memo
randum states, when Russian Army
officials advanced charges that Red
soldiers stationed in Lithuania in ac
cordance with the Mutual Assistance
Pact of October 10, 1939, were being
kidnaped, killed and in other ways
mistreated by Lithuanians. On
June 14 Foreign Minister Urbsys of
Lithuania received a three-point
ultimatum from Moscow, with nine
hours granted in which he should j
make a satisfactory reply. The ulti
matum demanded:
1. The prosecution of officials re
sponsible for the alleged provocative
acts against the Red Army garri
sons.
2. -The formation of a pro-Soviet
government.
3. The admission into Lithuania
of an unlimited number of Soviet
troops.
The government was innocent of
any provocative acts against the
Russian garrisons, the memorandum
insists. Nevertheless, a pro-Soviet
government headed by Justas
Paleckis as Prime Minister was
formed and on June 15 numerous
Russian Army divisions crossed
Lithuania’s border at several {joints.
The Paleckis government took com
mand June 17. Two days earlier
President H. E. Antanas Smetona
departed from Lithuania without
tendering his resignation and a
special commissar from Moscow ar
rived by plane in Kaunas to super
vise the formation of the new gov
ernment.
Pro-Soviet Parliament Elected.
The next step was the election of
a pro-Soviet Seimas (parliament).
The memorandum says on this
point:
“The parliamentary elections of
July 14 and 15 were guarded by
devastating numbers of foreign
troops, supervised by a special
emissary from a foreign capital and
managed exclusively by one party
< the Communist party > with a single
list of candidates, while other po
litical parties that stand for the
country's independence were barred
from the polls.
“Elections were compulsory; those
not voting were considered saboteurs
and enemies of the people. Such
elections, regardless of the officially
announced high voting rate, were
illegal in all respects as, under the
above described circumstances, they
not only cannot and do not repre
sent the true will of the free people,
but at the same time they aimed
at the very heart of national ex
istence by usurping the sovereignty
rights of the free Lithuanian na
tion as defined in article 1 of the
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constitution of the republio of
Lithuania.
“This illegally elected body, the
Seimas, on July 21, 1940, according
to telegraphic dispatches from
Kaunas, declared that from now on
Lithuania is a Soviet republic and
requested membership in the union.
Overthrown by Veiled Aggression.
“Thus with the creation of the
Paleckis government, with the Red
Army present in all parts of Lithu
ania and new elections carried out
to suit its purposes, the government
of the Soviet Union, using the most
modern methods of veiled aggres
sion, accomplished its task—the de
struction of the independence of
the Lithuanian Republic at such a
time when peaceful conditions pre
vailed and the development of
friendly relations had a fair chance
of success.
“This evil act was committed by
Soviet strategem while the Lithu
anian-Soviet Union non-aggression
treaty was still in effect and the
clause of non-intervention in in
ternal affairs only eight months
Old.
Behind this official step toward
Lithuania’s death lay a force of
terror which made easy the Rus
sian elimination of this nation, as
well as its neighbors of Latvia and
Estonia, and gave Russia a long
Baltic shore line. Some of this
terrorism is disclosed in the secret
diplomatic dispatch from Kaunas
dated July 30, nine days after the
Seimas vote to join the U. S. S. R.
Two thousand prominent persons
have been seized in Kaunas alone,
the dispatch states, among them 11
former ministers of state, many
army officers, including generals,
and a number of schoolteachers.
Mr. Tomkus of the state controller’s
office committed suicide. The dis
patch states:
“People are being deported to the
interior of Russia by the trainload.”
It goes on:
“Complete freedom is given to the
Communist party units to rid their
districts of any elements undesir
able to them.”
The dispatch contains a long list
of names of victims of various in
dignities, saying:
"No one, especially the Intellectu
als, knows what the morrow will
bring. They hide in villages and in
the forests. Tragic scenes are wit
nessed outside prisons, where fami
lies are not allowed to see or con
verse with those arrested. They are
rudely dispersed by force.”
The dispatch amplifies the Lithu
anian Legation's memorandum on
how the parliamentary elections
were conducted.
“During the election campaigns,”
it said, “Soviet Russian instructors
were sent to all the voting districts.
Detachments of Soviet Russian
troops were stationed at the polls.
Votes were counted, but the desired
voting percentage was announced
in advance. Many did not vote or
else turned in plain white cards.
Stunned by Union Demand.
“The idea to join the Soviet Union
was not known before or during the
so-called elections, but it became
known after the elections took place
and in the form of a demand or
ukase from Moscow. Members even
of the^ Communist-picked Seimas
were stunned by this idea. Several
members of the Seimas who were
frightened into voting returned to
their homes weeping.
"After the adoption of the resolu
tion to join the Soviet Union the
singing of the Lithuanian hymn
was forbidden. All merchandise
is rapidly disappearing, and the
little that remains in the stores is
being sold with notations being
made in passports. There is already
a ’shortage of food supplies in the
cities. Under the pretext of bring
ing food supplies from hiding places
back into the markets mass searches
are conducted throughout the
homes.
“This opportunity is taken also
to pillage the homes of all valuable
articles, gold and silver. The banks
and any other large establishments
were expropriated by the new gov
ernment.”
Expedition
(Continued From First Page.)
the party's first grim reminder of
the war which only entered into an
active stage months after they
were isolated in the Liberian bush.
Told U. S. Was at War.
Mrs. Mann said members of the
Smithsonian - Firestone collecting
expedition received some weird ru
mors while hunting animals in the
interior.
“Where the natives got the re
ports,” Mrs. Mann said, “we had no
idea. Once they told us peace had
been declared. The next day we
heard the United States had entered
the European war, and it was only
a little later the natives told us the
King and Queen of England were
fleeing to Liberia.”
In the collection which arrived
here today were two pigmy hippos,
one an adult, which the natives had
carried in a crate for 80 miles
through the jungle, and the other a
baby no larger than a small pig.
There were 47 crates in all, includ
ing 11 miniature West African ante
lopes—six Duikers and five Chedro
tains.
These tiny antelopes, with their
beautiful coats and huge, liquid
eyes, are some of the rarest known.
They inhabit swampy regions of
Liberia in an area rarely visited by
animal collectors.
There were nine monkeys of va
rious shapes and sizes, many small
mammals almost unknown to zoos
in this country, a cage of parrots,
20 parrakeets, a crate of African
crocodiles, an African porcupine,
three eagles, two hawks and a horn
bill and several boxes of reptiles.
These latter included gabboon
vipers, several cobras and rhinoc
eros vipers. These latter snakes
are the type used by a tribe of bush
natives who initiated Dr. and Mrs.
Mann into their secret society.
Bridges Alarm Mrs. Mann.
Mrs. Mann couldn’t decide wheth
er she was more alarmed by the
initiation ceremony, which included
the waving of live snakes near the
faces of the initiates, or by crossing
the rattan and bamboo bridges
which the natives swing above the
jungle rivers. Mrs. Mann said that
on the expedition’s last jungle trip
the whole safari.of several hundred
natives had crossed the narrow
hanging bridge with the exception
of one bearer, who carried the ex
pedition's valuable camera equip
ment. This man plunged through
a section of the bridge into the
water and was fished out with some
difficulty.
Mrs. Mann laughingly said she
was glad this accident occurred on
the last field trip. If it had hap
pened earlier, she said, she would
have been afraid to trust herself
to the flimsy bridges.
Mrs. Mann said her experiences
collecting animals in West Africa
were the most exciting and adven
turous she had waoountered while
. - j
./
the wife of the Zoo director. Mrs.
Mann is a veteran of zoological col
lecting expeditions to the Jungles of
Northern South America, the East
Indies and Southern South America.
On this trip, however, the party
penetrated into wilder and more
inaccessible regions.
1,200 Native Beaten Employed.
On several occasions, as many as
1,200 native beaters were assembled
to comb the jungle for living
specimens. Live animals, however,
are difficult to bring from the
Liberian back country, largely be
cause the natives consider all
animals as so much edible "beef,”
and cannot understand why white
men want to keep the creatures of
the forest.
Mrs. Mann said that on one of
their expeditions into the Interior,
the bush natives informed them that
the "country devil” was expected to
pass that night. No one except
members of the secret tribal lodge
was permitted to gaze,on the face
of the fearsome witch doctor. Dr.
and Mrs. Mann and the other mem
bers of their party were placed
in a hut which was sealed across
the doors and windows so that none
could see out.
Mrs. Mann, with a woman’s
curiosity, was tempted to peek, but
was discouraged by the rather sin
ister attitude of the natives, with
whom at other times they had been
on the friendliest possible terms.
The Zoo director’s wife said that
In this part of Liberia the native
men are required by their witch
doctors to spend three years in the
bush country. During this time they
live in an entirely masculine com
munity, receiving their tattoo deco
rations and learning woodlore and
the tribal secrets. The women of
the tribe also must spend a similar
three years away from all masculine
company. When either a man or a
woman has occasion to enter the
territory occupied by the neophytes,
they are required to sing or make
some other noise to notify all within
sound of their voice to get out of
sight.
Sailed in February.
Dr. and Mrs. Mann and two Zoo
keepers, Mr. Norris and Roy Jen
nier, sailed for West Africa about
the middle of last February. The
expedition was sponsored by the
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. and
made its base in Liberia at the com
pany’s great rubber plantation there.
Mr. Jennler returned several months
ago with a sizable collection of ani
mals gathered by the expedition.
Part of these animal^ were placed
on display at the Firestone exhibit
at the New York World’s Fair. All
eventually will be returned to the
Zoo.
Among those meeting the West
Irmo was Malcolm Davis, keeper of
the birdhouse and veteran of many
Zoo collecting expeditions, the last
of which was to Little America with
the United States Antarctic Expedi
tion.
Mr. Davis has been designated
keeper of the parrots and hooved
stock brought back from Africa,
which will be placed under quaran
tine at the Zoo for two weeks.
Health authorities allowed the Zoo
to establish its own quarantine sta
tion on the second floor of the rep
tile house. There Mr. Davis will
care for the antelopes and parrots
and will not be permitted to leave
for the two-week period.
The precautions are taken to pre
vent the passible importation of
parrot fever and hoof-and-mouth
disease.
German Embassy Silent
On Dr. Westrick's Future
The German Embassy was silent
today about the future course of
Dr. Gerhardt Alois Westrick, com
mercial counsellor, but relinquish
ment of his diplomatic post and
his departure for Germany are ex
pected within the coming fortnight
Dr. Westrick, whose activities
have been given much unfavorable
publicity lately, spent a few hours
in Washington yesterday talking
with Dr. Hans Thomsen, charge
d'affaires. He left yesterday for
New York City, where he makes his
headquarters.
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