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6en. Hershey Warns Draft Boards Against Depleting Industry Selective Service Chief Cites 'Growing Shortage' Of Skilled Workers Brig. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, deputy director of selective service, last night warned the Nation's draft boards against draining national defense industries of skilled work ers by too rigid an interpretation of the occupational deferment clause in the selective service regu lations. In a prepared statement, Gen. Hershey called attention to a “grow ing shortage of skilled workers for rapidly expanding and vital de fense industries,” and urged the boards to guard against increasing this shortage. “There is a dual responsibility imposed upon local boards,” Gen. Hershey said. “They not only must select those who are needed by the armed forces, but also must defer those who are necessary in produc tion of defense materials. They must take fully into consideration the entire defense picture in mak ing that selection or deferment.” Each Case on Merits. He also warned that each claim for occupational deferment was to be decided on its individual merit and that the statutory prohibition against group occupational defer ments is ‘'clear and strong.” Gen. Hershey made note of the vast industrial training program set up by the Office of Production Management to check growing shortages of skilled workers in de fense industries. "Selective service, in order to fill its quotas for the armed forces, need not unneces sarily increase these shortages or otherwise impede the national de fense," he added. Three Results Wanted. Selective service regulations re garding occupational deferments were written, Gen. Hershey said, to guide boards to three results: 1. To prevent unnecessary aggra vation of existing shortages of nec essary workers in defense activities by broad and intelligent understand ing of the magnitude of the Na tion's program for defense produc tion. 2. To protect the national indus trial training program from unnec essary interruptions through defer ment of individuals when evidence shows that they are “in training or preparation" for an occupation or employment found to be necessary to the maintenance of the national health, safety or interest. 3. To anticipate possible exhaus tion of pools of highly skilled work ers not now employed in defense activities, but probably necessary in j the near future for the expansion | of defense production, when such men "but for a seasonable or: temporary interruption would be I engaged in such activity.” 335.000 Are Trained For Defense Industry Since the national defense pro gram began last summer more than 10 times as many workers have been j trained for vital industrial jobs as was the case during the entire World War period, Sidney Hillman, asso ciate director of the Office of Pro duction Management, said yesterday in a report on the work of the Na tional Defense Advisory Commis sion's labor division. The training program was started on July 1, 1940, and by the end of the year had provided instruction for 335.000 persons—192.000 in pre employment refresher courses and 143.000 in supplementary vocational classes. These figures do not in clude the additional thousands of workers given special instruction in on-the-job classes in factories and plants. This program is expected to do much toward providing the addi tional 225,000 workers it has been estimated the aircraft industry alone would require between Feb ruary and August, and the additional 200.000 the expanding shipbuilding program wTill need, according to National Defense Commission cal culations. To fill there and other estimated labor demands of defense projects, the labor division, through the United States Employment Service, has sought to survey the Nation's human resources to find workers properly equipped for the some 17, 000.000.000 man-hours of work that must be done to fill orders authorized for our Army and Navy and for Britain. China and Greece. The United States Employment Service has classified more than 5.000,000 unemployed men and wom en, according to trades and skills. The findings indicate that about 1. 000.000, judging from their work his tories. are suited for skilled jobs, with another 1.250.000 in semi-skilled classifications. Labor unions were praised in the report for their efforts in finding snd supplying skilled and semi skilled workers for specific projects, often sending them to jobs hundreds of miles away at the workers’ own expense. The A. F. L.'s provision of most of the 9000 construction workers needed to build a naval air station in a remote area near Cor pus Christi, Tex., was cited as an outstanding example. Signing of Pact Is Hailed By Hitler's Newspaper B> the Associated Press. BERLIN, March 1.—Fuehrer Hit ler's own newspaper, Voelkischer Beobachter, listed the axis pact signing by Bulgaria today as among the “bloodless victories of Adolf Hitler.” From the military standpoint, it added, it would have been easy to carry the swastika to the boundaries of Europe. But it viewed that as belonging to the periods of Alexan der, Napoleon and the World War and said it would have caused suf fering, destruction and distress. Those who do not join the pact, change the outcome of the historic struggle—although tomorrow’ they can take serious blame for length ening the war and therefore were allies of Roosevelt." Reichs Marshal Hermann Wil helm Goerfng's National Zeitung of Essen said “the only reason cannon are booming today in a small part of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, is because they (the Greeks) gave ear to false friends.” DETROIT.—“BLITZ BUGGY” ON THE BOUNCE—With all lour wheels off the ground, the Army’s new light reconnaissance car negotiates rough terrain at the Ford proving ground, where mass --— 1 “ production of 1,500 of the 4-wheel-drive vehicles has started. Top speed of the “blitz buggies’’ is nearly 60. miles an hour, and they are capable of climbing grades of 68 per cent fully loaded. —A. P. Wirephoto. Britain's Sea Power Causes Hitler to Take Drastic Steps Mediterranean Situation Forces Nazis To Increase Aid for Mussolini By MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING ELIOT. The situation now developing in the Mediterranean and the Balkans is an object lesson in the value of sea power in modern war, and of the relations between sea power and land power—including, of course, land based air power. The collapse of France seemed to leave the Allied cause in the Eastern Mediterranean in desperate straits. The great French Army in Syria, of which so much had been expected, disappeared from the board. The Turks, the Egyptians, all the Near East, wavered and trembled at the distant rumble of Nazi drums. In Libya, the armies of Marshal Grazi ani were poised for a spring at the .Suez Canal, the “rounding out” of ‘the new Roman Empire in Africa. The Balkan Peninsula seemed open to German conquest at Hitler's will. But there was one element which the axis lacked—command of the sea. Their scattered forces in Italy, Libya. East Africa and the Dode canese were linked together by sea communications which they did not control. The Italian fleet proved it self wholly inadequate for this mis sion, the sole reason for its exist ence. British sea power, on the other hand, not only was able to maintain its predominance in the Eastern Mediterranean, but was able to assure the reinforcement of Egypt. Take Advantage of Opening. Slowly British land and air power in Egypt grew; while axis air power proved unable to offset this British sea command. When. Mussolini made his egregious error in attack ing Greece, the British, poised to strike and possessing the mobility conferred on them by their sea power, were able to take instant ad vantage of the opening. They es tablished themselves in Crete, cut ting Graziani’s communications and gaining a base from which Italy it self could be harried. Then the reinforced army of the Nile fell on Graziani’s army and de stroyed it; immediately thereafter the Italian holdings in East Africa were invaded at a dozen points. Italian Somaliland is already Brit ish, all the minor gains of Italian arms have been reversed, Eritrea is half occupied. Ethiopia is being recovered. All this is due basically to the command of the sea, w'hich permitted British land and air re inforcements to reach Gen. Wavell, while denying reinforcements to the Italians in Africa. Now a new’ phase of the struggle Is beginning. The army of the Nile, and its air command, have regained comparative freedom of action. This they can exploit by reason of the British command of the sea. It is a situation charged with profound menace not only to Italy, but to the axis cause in general, and it has compelled Hitler to take drastic measures to meet it: measures which he takes with almost visible reluc tance. Nans Reinforce Italians. In order to insure against a pos sible British descent on Sicily, he has had to send considerable Ger man forces into that island and Southern Italy; more, he has had to make sure, by the presence of German troops, against any Italian collapse and suit for peace. He has had to use German air forces to enable the Italians to reinforce Al bania—which they were almost un able to do by themselves. He has had to move In the Balkans, culminating in the forcing of Bulgaria into the axis, which may yet involve him in the dreaded war on two fronts, and which can not be acceptable to Moscow even | though Moscow may be in no posi tion at the moment to oppose them actively. The Germans have even, at what cost we do not yet know, managed to get a few German mo bile elements into what remains of Italian Libya, in a desperate effort somehow to immobilize the army of the Nile, in whole or in part. On the other hand, the Italians make no progress in Albania and are clearly being confronted with ever-increasing British air forces, the Turks, obviously reassured, are for the moment at least standing firmly with Britain, the Dodecanese Islands appear to be seriously en dangered; and British sea com mand. the foundation on which all this rests, continues supreme in the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Seas and may even be extended to the Black Sea with Turkish aid. Turk Advance Unlikely. It is quite unlikely that the Turks will advance into Bulgaria from their strong positions in eastern Thrace, to meet a German thrust into that country. No informed military observer expected them to do so; it would be a piece of strategi cal folly comparable to the allied advance into Belgium last spring. Whether the British will put any part of the Army of the Nile into Greece depends on a cold-blooded estimate of whether the game will be worth the candle; if the act were sufficient to bring the Yugoslav Army into the war against Germany, for example, the risk would be worth while. It is uncertain whether Salonica could be held by what troops Gen. Wavell can spare, •especially since there is no evidence that they have already started. Possibly the better use for them would be to help the Turks in Thrace, supplying just the elements of armored troops and other mod ern equipment which are the chief Turkish deficiencies. very likely a German thrust to the Aegean cannot now be stopped even by a British-Greek-Turk com bination. What can be stopped is the exploitation of such a move. British air power established in the Aegean islands and in Greece, ought to be able seriously to contest any attempt by the Germans to push their air bases southward. This, however, assumes that the danger of the Germans reaching the Italian bases in the Dodecanese can be neutralized by the reduction of those islands while yet there is time: they become more important as the sit uation develops. Thus the Germans still will lack the means of neutralizing British Sea power by a direct assault on its bases, and they cannot accom plish very much if they cannot do that. They may, of course, go all out for an attack against the Turks; but this would be a major opera tion, the wTar on two fronts with a vengeance, against a determined and well-supported enemy. It is the last thing Hitler can desire. May Occupy Aegean Ports. They may occupy the Aegean ports of Greece, but to do this opens a new set of considerations. Yugo slavia would thereby be cut off from all communication with the non axis world, and might prefer to fight rather than to stand idly and see this done; an advance into Greece would meet with difficult terrain and perhaps the resistance of the army of the Nile—that ever present threat due to sea powers mobility.— at a most unfavorable moment: a strong army would have to be kept on the Turkish-Bulgarian border lest the Turks assail the German* communications — again, therefore, we have a major opera tion in the Balkans, a war on two fronts. One can imagine Hitler in a staff conference observing bitterly: “If some one would only sink that British fleet-.” Possibly this may be tried. There are still something like 100 Italian submarines in the Mediterranean, and there have been rumors of small German submarines being sent overland to Rumanian ports on the i^****B 7-Hour Service ■■■■■■■ FREE A flx7 ENLARGEMENT With Every 6 or 8 Exposure Roll FILMS Developed and Printed ACE PHOTO SERVICE Apex Radio Co., 709 9th St. N.W. at G Georgetown Elec. Co., 1*205 Wise. Ave. G. C. Murphy Co.. F A G. 12th Si 13th G C. Murphy Co.. 31*28 14th St. N.W. G. C Murphy Co.. 810 7th St N.W. Franklin Drur Co., 14th Si Eye N.W ■Films left 9:30 A.M. Ready 4:30 P.M.wm BARGAINS in WASHERS SALE OF DISCONTINUED MODELS ■' js y ' * "" ... ■• . " " — _ A Maytag _$44 Apex_539 ABC ___$37 Crosley _$35 Thor_$29 All are sold complete with filler pump hose - Pay $1 Weekly PIANO SHOP • 1015 7th ST, N. W. Black Sea. The Rumanian Navy, j now in German hands, has four destroyers, three torpedo boats and three submarines. The Germans might thus hope to hold the Black Sea against any pos sible British naval moves, and by sending German personnel to»"aid” the Italians, might commence a sudden submarine blitzkrieg against the British fleet in the Mediter ranean, which is sadly short of des troyers. Certainly unless some means can be found of offsetting British sea command, the Mediterranea situa tion seems likely to continue to be an unwelcome diversion of German strength and attention, to call for ever-increasing German effort to prop up a failing ally, and might perhaps in the end prove—as Na poleon said of a campaign at the other end of the middle sea—the ulcer to drain the strength from the Nazi empire. (Copyright, 1941, Tribune, Inc.) Tax Exemption (Continued From First Page.) ices, open to the public, are held each morning except Sundays. We have reached the conclusion that the chapel of a monastery, although open to the public for worship, is not a church within the meaning of our exemption statute. A chapel adjacent to a church might be ex empt if part of the church’s re ligious activities were conducted i therein, on the theory that it was part of the church, but no such construction can be used here, as this chapel is adjacent to and part of the monastery. Used as Study House. “The paramount purpose of this order is outlined in its articles of incorporation—the chapel Is inci dental thereto. It is not referred to as a church, it has no regular church membership, and the pri mary use is for the occupants of the house of theological studies which adjoins it. v “A church is a body of people, of worshippers, associated together for religious purposes. It consists of an indefinite number of per sons of one or both sexes, who have made a public profession of re ligion and who are associated to gether by a covenant of church fel lowship. • * • “Here there Is no united body of persons associated together for the purpose of maintaining worship. that is, a separate body formed within a parish, or religious so ciety, whose rights are well known and established by law'. "We conclude that a chapel con nected with a religious society, such as the Discalced Carmelite Fathers of Washington, is not a church within a meaning of our exemp tion statute.” Four Other Cases Listed. The four other cases in which the board and the Commissioners disapproved tax exemption for at least part of the properties involved were described as follows: Young Men's Christian Associa tion, for property at 1728-1736 G street N.W., all of which was found to be properly taxed except for that portion of the property used for a cigar store, cafeteria and jewelry, store on concession bases. Acting on the board's recommendations, the city heads have directed that an assessment be made for taxation of such portions of the property. The Church of the Covenant, southwest corner of Connecticut avenue, Eighteenth and N streets N.W. All of this property was found to be properly tax exempt, with the exception of five rooms and bath located on the third floor, used by the sexton of the church, and the assessors were asked to ap praise this portion for taxation. Other Churches Affected. The Russian Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas of Washington, for property at 1768 Church street N.W. The second floor has twro rooms and bath w'hich are rented to a secretary at $50 a month and the When Arthritis Flares Up During cold months, when Arthritis and other Rheumatic disorders flare up. it is well to drink Mountain! Valley Mineral Water from Hot {Springs, Arkansas. Good to taste, not laxative. Moun tain \ alley tends to neutralize acidity, to eliminate poisonous wastes from the body. Mountain Valley is a natural aid in Kidney, Stomach and Bladder conditions. It may help you. Order a Cate Today Send for Free Booklet Mountain Valley Water from HOT SPRINGS, ARK. fHM 12th St. N.W. ME. 1062 ^ I Oct. 1st, 1941—No Extra Interest I American Radiator Co. OIL FURNACE A new improved American Ra diator Co Oil Furnace; include! Oil Furnace with A■■ Oil Burner, and all controls. Fully * if installed. V ■ V PREMIER OIL OR GAS AIR-CONDITIONING Complete, in stalled in 6 room home. 3 Years to Pay V American Radiator Co. HOT-WATER HEAT Includes new Am Low Am Arco Boiler and 300 feet of radiation. 3 Yearn to Pay Arco-Flame Oil Burner Fully installed in your fur nace. 3 Yearn to Pay FREE ESTIMATES DA Y OR IUGHt! ' NEWS son THE DEAFENED of WASHINGTON AND VICINITY Free Hearing Comparator Tests Monday Through Saturday, March Sd to March 8th 1. NEW ALL-POSITIONAL ACOUSTICON TRANSMITTER the aid that brings unsurpassed “wearing ease” together with superior clarity of tone and distance reception. Z, NEW VACUUM-TUBE ACOUSTICON a truly compact, economically operated vacuum tube aid, with crystal, magnetic or bone conduction receivers. Do not miss this opportunity to see for yourself how real your need is for a properly fitted hearing aid. The exclusive ACOUSTICON HEARING COMPARATOR is the only scientific device that will accurately measure your hearing improvement with an aid. PHONE FOR APPOINTMENT NATIONAL 0922 ACOUSTICON INSTITUTE 659 Earl* Bldg., 13th b E Sti. third floor has two rooms, one of secretary at $50 a month, and the the other has a charity occupant. A garage is rented for $5 a month. The board and the Commissioners agreed that the first floor and base ment of the property was properly tax exempt, but that the remainder should be assessed and taxed. The Ryland Methodist Episcopal Church at Branch avenue and S street S.E. The Commissioners ruled the church was tax exempt, but that only a 60-foot frontage should be considered in this class and the remainder should be taxed. The board and the Commissioners concluded that the following were properly tax exempt: Columbus University, for its property in the 1300 block of Eighteenth street N.W.; Columbus University, for its junior college in the 1700 block of N street N.W.; Church of the Covenant, for property in the 1200 block of Eighteenth street N.W., and St. Matthew’s Roman Catholic Church, for properties in the 1700 block of N street and the 17Q0 block of Rhode Island avenue N.W. Rev. P. J. Foik Dies; St. Edwards U. Dean By the Associated Press. AUSTIN, Tex., March 1—The Rev. Paul Joseph Folk, 60, dean of arts and letters and librarian at St. Edward’s University, died today. Funeral services will be conducted Tuesday, with the Very Rev. Albert Sousineau, C. S. C., Ph. D. superior general of the Congregation of Holy Cross, Washington, in charge. The body will be sent to Notre Dame, Ind., for burial. Father Foik from 1912 to 1924 was librarian in chief of the Uni versity of Notre Dame and archivist of the Catholic Archives of America. He had been a member of the St. Edward’s faculty since 1924. Defense Being Used To Curb Anti-Trust Enforcement Is Charge ... . ’ I Failure to Uphold Law May Destroy Democratic Institutions, Is Claim By the Associated Press. A Government economist con tended before the Monopoly Com- i mittee yesterday that the national defense drive was being used in an attempt to “curb anti-trust enforce I ment ’ and permit expansion of | monopolistic industries. The witness, Willis J. Ballinger, economic adviser to the Federal Trade Commission, said failure to enforce anti-trust laws during the rearmament program may result in destruction of the Nation's demo cratic institutions. “There are enough facts at hand to know that In the case of Ger many, monopolistic business which restricted production and aggra vated unemployment was a factor contributing to the economic chaos which culminated in political dic tatorship,” Mr. Ballinger said. Referring to the "vast program of military preparedness,” the witness said that since 1890 "the United : States has never engaged in a war ' or a preparation for war but what i the anti-trust laws were practically I disregarded. This was particularly i true in the World War of 1918.” The witness recalled that Thur man Arnold, Assistant Attorney General in charge of anti-trust ! prosecution, already had urged strict enforcement of these laws to protect Government purchasing of defens# against exploitation. Millions were unemployed when the defense drive started, Mr. Bal linger said, and "military prepared ness is not going to solve this un finished problem." When defense spending ends, h# added, the "situation may be worse.” "Another period of widespread and prolonged unemployment for mil lions of Americans could furnish an efficient economic cause menacing, from the inside, the security of our democracy." he declared. Mr. Ballinger contended that th# "most effective way to increase pur chasing power among all consumer* is to reduce prices” and added that rigid enforcement of anti-trust law* would encourage competition and "insure the actual reduction of prices.” New Echota, Ga., now a national park area, is the site of the last capital of the Cherokee Indians in that State. 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