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Tax Action Passes Buck To Senate Senators Seen Less Susceptible To Pressures By DAVID LAWRENCE. The hot weather and a multiplic ity of pressures seem to have affected the otherwise serene and peaceful relations which hitherto have existed between the ad ministration and the House Ways and Means Com mittee. To put a $3,200,000,000 tax bill through the House, however, after several weeks of consid eration by the Ways and Means Committee is no small achieve ment even though one im- David Lawrence, portant feature—mandatory joint returns for husband and wife—was eliminated from the measure at the last moment The controversy over joint re- j turns is by no means over. The Senate will have to wrestle with it I for many reasons, not the least of which is ‘the fact that elimination of the proposal means elimination of $300,000,000 of needed revenue. The House Ways and Means Com mittee having struggled with all the various kinds of taxes that nobody really wanted to see imposed—excise taxes and special levies—there was no enthusiasm for the task of re writing the bill to make up the deficit. So the committee just passed the buck to the Senate. Heavy Pressure Applied. When the Senate faces the task of rewriting the House bill, it will ! discover that the members of the House were subjected to an sorts of pressure to keep them fromr rais ing certain taxes and that if the $300,000,000 is to be made up, there must either be higher individual income taxes or high corporation taxes or some higher consumption or sales taxes. All House members come up for | election in November, 1942, but only I one-third of the Senate does. So it may be assumed that the Senate will not find itself influenced by as many inhibitions as appeared dur ing the House discussion by its com mittee. As a matter of fact, the House is glad to get rid of the bill as usual and pass it on to the Senate. There is, on the other hand, a certain amount of basic tax raising which has been done in the House bill which will not be touched by \ the Senate because it represents a ir\h r>n the n-Vinla «>«ll House committee's position on man datory returns was unfortunate. The proposal was doomed to defeat be cause there are so many community property States whose Representa tixes, irrespective of party, were pledged to vote against the joint return idea. Then, too, there has been a fallacy to the effect that only 1 the rich would be affected by the ! joint returns. Once the Joint re- ! turn idea is written into legisla tion it would eventually affect more and more taxpayers as the ex emptions were lowered. “Unpopular Position.’’ It is significant that President Roosevelt has gone on record in favor of broadening the tax base by cutting the exemption of married persons down to the $1,500 level and unmarried persons down to $750 as b basis of exemption. This is in line with sound tax theory and it is encouraging to find Mr. Roosevelt j taking his stand on what doubtless is, numerically or politically speak ing, an unpopular position. In the exchange of letters between ♦he President and Chairman Dough ton of the House Ways and Means Committee—a strong administration adherent—there appears a sour note. Mr. Dough ton says: "The committee at times found it Impossible during the course of its hearings to reconcile the testimony of different officials representing the administration. * * * Nothing in this letter is intended as a defense or an apology for the action which we have taken, but only as an ex planation, so that you and the coun try may understand some of the reasons for our conclusions.” It is natural that in hectic times like these and with so many prob-; lems of the war emergency pressing j on the Treasury Department that | It should not be able to present a meticulously worked out plan. Tax bills to raise $3,000,000,000 or more are not presented every day and the Treasury is for the most part in-! terested in revenue raising, while coa uaa iu tiiiiixw lAJuuveu toes it may step on. In the last war, the late Representative Claude Kitchin, chairman of the Ways and Means, and also from North Car olina, told the House that it might as well close its eyes and pass the tax bill—the inequities were numer ous and the problem almost in aolvable. The Doughton bill follows in the main the Treasury's recommenda tions, but if the Senate doesn’t re store the mandatory joint return proposal, there will have to be some higher taxes imposed somewhere to make up the $300,000,000. Some Sen ators may insist that the exemptions be reduced and the tax base broad ened because many billions of dol lars of income will flow into the lower brackets which will not be touched by the present bill. If the purpose of the tax measure fc to curb inflation, then some tax restraints to keep down the enor mous expenditure of money by the people in lower brackets might ap peal as logical. If the Senate is political, it will sidestep the issue and let the inflation come. Maybe by the time the debate is further along, the Nation will have been educated to the dangers of price spirals and the failure to tax everybody as a means of avoiding fnflRtfor. Okaroductiaa Riffeti Referred.) -t ;!> The Political Mill Choice for U. S. Held to Be to Act With Allies Now or Gamble on Facing Axis Alone Later B.v GOULD LINCOLN. FALMOUTH, Mass.—More in dustrial war activity probably is in full swing in .America today than there was in 1917. This statement is based on reports from Rhode Island, the smallest State in the Union, to be sure, but also one of the most thor oughly industrialized. Eighty per cent, it is said, of all indus trial activity in the State is cen tered on defense, direct or indi rect. This country is preparing. It is not yet prepared for a con flict—not as it should be pre pared—but it will be. Obviously, the sooner the better. All the time the country is preparing to fight if necessary, the emphasis is placed on the idea that this country must, if possible, keep out of a “shooting war." Economic warfare, yes. The aiming of other nations now at wrar with potential enemies of the United States, also yes. But no shooting by the American Navy or Army. Whether this attitude is correct or not depends not so much on cold, hard facts if? J2. as it does on whether you are discussing the question with an "isolationist" or an "interven tionist.” The American people have been fed on the suggestion that it is possible to win this war for the democracies without our ac tually getting into the battle. It is an appealing idea. No one likes to think of American boys dying in battle. It is an idea not dissimilar to that which enabled a dance hall operator in a Western frontier town, years ago, to get his music free through the simple expedient of erecting his own hall a few feet from another dance hall, so that his patrons could hear the music played in his competitor’s place. He did the building, but that was all. Axis Feels Same Way. It happens that this Idea of staying out of actual war, for the United States. Is appealing also to the three Axis nations. None of them, up to this time, has wanted to drag this country into war. It could have been done overnight, could be done any day. It is not in Hitler's book to take on the United States until he has overrun Russia and de feated Britain, or at least defeat ed one of them. It has always worried Japan to think of battle with the United States while al ready engaged in a long, hard war with China, with possible war with Russia in the offing. Americans are great gamblers. They are gambling now for the highest stakes perhaps In their history. They are placing their bets on the ability of Britain and Russia and China to turn the trick against the Axis powers. It may be a good gamble. If it fails, however, the country will be faced with the need of doing its own fighting. The Choice for U. S. The choice lies in the hands of the Nation to enter the war now, making use of its Navy and the men it has trained so far, and its air forces, or to continue to go ahead with its preparing for war, hoping that the democracies will hold out until this country is so well prepared that no nation or combination of nations would dare to attack this coun try. No one knows, of course, how much impressed the Axis powers would be by America’s prepara tions if and when they should overrun the rest of the world. Probably not too much impressed to undertake by every means possible to break down this coun try, economically and militarily. The isolationists insist that all this country has to do is to arm and it will be completely safe from any attack. They might add that the country would have to continue as an armed camp indefinitely. The interventionists — those who would have this country enter the conflict now—take a very different view. They see Hitler and Mussolini with their hands overfull with fighting Great Brit ain and Russia. They see Japan in a more or less desperate situa tion economically because of the long war with Cnina, which shows no sign of ending. To them the only wise thing is an attack now on these potential enemies when they are already overex tended. Hitler Approves Isolationists. Obviously, the isolationist idea of staying out of the war is just what Hitler desires. If he had any other idea, he would have gone to war with this country months ago. Instead, he has sought to impress people in this country with the suggestion that the last thing he wants with America is war. He has had every kind of prov ocation to deliver attacks on American ships, for example. He has sunk only one—and that may have been a mistake. Any way, he was obviously glad it created no more of a stir in this country than it did. Japan has played the game close to the board, inching for ward only when she believed that she could do so without precipi tating actual war with the United States. She is inching forward again, moving south into Indo china and on the move Into Thailand. These moves are po tential threats to American in terests in the Far East and to the Philippines and possibly Hawaii. Action Against Japan. The administration, however, is now taking definite steps to clip Japan's wings economically and to bring such pressure to bear that she will find herself con fronted with all the difficulties that a war with the United States would entail. The strong stand now being taken by this country in the Far East may bring a showdown at any time. The fact that the American battle fleet is in the Pacific has for many long months been a strong deterrent on the Japanese. They have devoutly hoped that fleet would be withdrawn to the Atlantic. But the administra tion has been adamant in that respect. Defeat of Japans Navy would effectually destroy Japan's hope of controlling Asia, or of ever making a serious contest against this country. The President has moved care fully—and at some times with extreme boldness—in dealing with this foreign situation. Two of his boldest steps have been the trade with Britain of American destroyers for naval bases in the Atlantic Ocean and his more re cent decision to take over the defense of Iceland against pos sible Nazi attack and occupation. THE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s. _•_ British Offensive Possibilities Finland, Norway and French Coast All Offer Problems; Mediterranean Area Held Best Bet By MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING ELIOT. The German attack on Russia re mains stalled by Russian defense after six weeks of fighting—a fact of tremendous military significance in itself. In creasingly, the pressures of in ternal morale and external prestige are de manding of the German staff that they pro duce some sort of token victory. Last week they apparently tried for Leningrad and bogged down: now they m»j. g. rieidint Eiiot. seem to be trying for Kiev, with prospects as yet uncertain, though somewhat more promising than elsewhere. It is too early to assess the real warth of the high command’s claim of great accomplishments in the Smolensk sector. Meanwhile, however, the German people are feeling the war more and more severely. In Eastern Germany, hospitals are filled w'lth wounded; hospital | trains arrive daily at the principal railway stations: private homes are being requisitioned. In Western Germany the scale of the British air offensive increases almost day by day, and the unfor tunate officer upon whom rests the final decision as to the allocation of fighter squadrons between east and west must be a distracted and uarucu man. Throughout the occupied regions, I rumor brings word of the stirrings of revolt, requiring stem measures for which there is available decreas-1 ing means as the Russian fighting absorbs more and more troops. Chances of British Landing. These are grave problems. They are now intensified by rumors of an impending British offensive by land as well as air, and it may be well to check over the possibilities in this1 respect, just as the German staff | must check them over in its perplexity. The most immediate of these re ports refers to the Far North—the region of Kirkenes, Petsamo and Murmansk. It is suggested that the | establishment of a British beach-1 1 head, expanded as means permit, in i this area would be a thorn in the I side of the Germans, a threat which could not be neglected, and might j become a means of sending supplies ' on a considerable scale to the i Russians. , ims sounas attractive, out mere are many difficulties to be overcome. Every British strategical problem seems to get back, sooner or later, to a question of shipping. Many Difficulties. In this case the distances are con- . siderable; it is, for example, 1,7001 nautical miles from Liverpool to Murmansk, about the same from Iceland to Murmansk. To support an expeditionary force in this northern area (to say nothing of sending supplies to Russia) would require a large allotment of ship ping. The line of communications would be extremely vulnerable to the at tack of German submarines, aircraft and surface raiders operating out of Tromso, Narvik and other Nor wegian ports. The actual communications with Russia would be limited to the Murmansk and perhaps the Arch- j angel railways, and it is hard to see why at least the latter cannot be used anyway, without any British expeditionary force; while the Murmansk railway is likely to be j cut In the vicinity of Petrosavodsk, which no British expeditionary force in the far north would be able to prevent. Political Barriers, Too. The political and psychological barriers to a British attack on Fin land are considerable, and might have American repercussions; such a move would be ammunition for isolationist guns at a moment when those guns are running rather short of ammunition. It is, of course, possible that the real purpose of such a British move might be the recovery of substan tial portions of Norway, perhaps aided by an internal movement of some kind; in that case its effect on the Russian campaign would be diversionary rather than of direct assistance. But the moral gain from Britain, if the enterprise were to prove successful, would be very ereat. As to British attacks on other portions of the coast opposite the island of Great Britain, again con siderations of shipping apply. Nor way seems the more likely location for such thrusts, because it is the j most difficult part of the coast for the Germans to reinforce, as well as because there is always the pos sibility that success might lie in Sweden, especially if the attack came at a time when the German difficulties in Russia were increasing rather than decreasing. Raids on Coast. As to raids on the coast for the purpose of creating confusion and of doing material damage to such ob jectives as harbor works, oil storage. 1 railway terminals, shipping and the like, there is this to be said: That a skilled party of engineer troops ; provided with proper demolition equipment and plenty of explosives can do far more damage, if given undisturbed possession for a few hours of an area containing large material objectives, than can almost any amount of air bombardment; especially if they have carefully re hearsed the operation on dummy reproductions of the area to be attacked. However, there is always to be considered the weighing of risk against advantage; a staff consider ing such enterprises must always ask itself whether the damage rea sonably to be expected to enemy works will offset the losses of skilled men, weapons and equipment which may also reasonably be expected. A Major British Landing. A major British landing in Prance, say for the purpose of cutting off the peninsula of Brittany and the naval and air base at Brest, would be of enormous advantage were it successful; but it can hardly have been possible to prepare the plans for such an enterprise, assemble the shipping and troops since the Rus sian war began to show signs of affording the opportunity. There is, however, a third area in which British offensive operations are possible, and if one were guess ing on the basis of existing proba bilities as they may now be per ceived through the “fog of war,” one would be inclined to the view that the Mediterranean affords the most attractive field for a British attack on the Axis at the present time. There are. indeed, not wanting signs of activity in that region. Brit ish submarines and aircraft are busy; a vigorous attack on the Cretan airdromes has been followed by raids on Sicily; Malta has just been heavily reinforced; the garri A^ ■ V|W|2 ^^U|U|^'— "SAILINGS'' EVERY THIRD DAY FROM CHICAGO S LOS ANGELES The constantly growing demand for Streamliner Coach and Pullman space has been met by placing in service another 17-car "City of Los Angeles” Streamliner to replace the former 13-car train. With two 17-car Streamliners in operation, capacity is considerably increased. Both Streamliners are brilliantly appointed and decorated; both embody the latest devel opments in train travel, providing comfort and conven ience with time-saving speed. Only 39% hours between Chicago and Los Angeles. "Sailings” every third day. North Western or Union Pacific g 723 Woodward Bldg. 300 National Press Bldg. I Phone Republic 1991 Phone Republic 0900 I Washington# D. C. ■ Send complete information, including free literature, jj) about train service to............................ | □ Also send me information about Travel on Credit i □ Tell me about Esoorted, All-Expense Tours Nams .............................. j Street Address “ CSv-State A Extra tare. • • • • U«e TRAIN-AUTO SERVICE—Car raady for you at damnation. NORTH WESTERN UNION PACIFIC tourt or nt sthamumias am* cmaumm**** • : .j r~ \ ‘ s This Changing U. S. Held Extending 0 Before Exerting Full Pre By CONSTANTINE BROWN. Japan has become entangled In her own rope. She Is now about to find herself bound hand and foot and soon may be gagged. But before this happens she Is being given every chance to dis entangle herself. This is the policy'the United States is following toward Japan, according to those who are quietly planning the next moves on the Far Eastern checker board. Freezing of Japanese funds here and in Britain, with all Its important implications, was a mere shot across the bow. Soon after this shot was fired, Japan was told that the Irrepar able has not happened yet and that she still has a chance to recover if she decides to mend her ways. The United States and her friends are quite prepared, it is stated in well-informed quar ters, to sell to Japan oil, gasoline, cotton and whatever else Japa nese industry may need for peace time activities. Also Japan may sell to this country all that her factories are producing. Fur thermore, under certain circum stances, credits could be opened to enable her to finance her trade and improve the difficult internal economic and social proDiems. To obtain all this she has to do just one thing: Abandon her present aggressive attitude and come to a peaceful understanding with the United States, Great Britain and the Netherlands about the future of Asia. Naval Force Goes to Pacific. Whether the Japanese leaders will listen to these earnestly given warnings is unknown here. For the time being there Is little that can be hoped from the pres ent regime. Changes in the cab inet are not difficult and there is a sufficiently large number of Japanese statesmen to draw from if the Emperor decided to put a less militant government in office. Besides having extended an olive branch to the Japanese, military and naval measures are being taken by America. Britain and Holland to checkmate any further aggressive move by Japan. Shfp movements are confiden tial matters, but it can be said without divulging any secrets that there is a combined naval force in the Pacific today not far from the new Japanese bases which could give the Japanese admirals a severe headache. Warned of Retaliation. Japan also has been warned in a most earnest manner that any further move in the Southern Pacific on the Asiatic mainland son of Tobruk grows more enter prising day by day in its raids on the Italian besiegers, while report has it that the major part of the German aircraft and troops havi been withdrawn from North Africa. This may or may not be true, but it is certain that the enormous diffi culties of supply and maintenance are having their effect on the Axis forces in Libya, and that these diffi culties are less for the British. The heat is still very great in the World live Branch to Japan ssure to Curb Her Expansion would bring about further retal iation. A move into Thailand, for instance, would further In crease the economic pressure from both American continents, to say nothing about what mili tary steps the British might feel compeued to take to safeguard their vital strategic position at Singapore. An attempt to lay hands on the rich Borneo oil fields—that island is only poorly prepared for defense—might bring action by the naval units now being rushed to the South Pacific. Besides a number of American ships protecting the Philippines, the British, according to press reports which now appear to be confirmed, have sent naval units from the Mediterranean where they are needed less than in the past. The number of units is un disclosed—although by now the Japanese naval intelligence must have a fair idea—but besides battleships there are a number of cruisers and modern destroyers. Japan a Policy Losing. U/itil last week the British base at Singapore could only boast of an insignificant naval force. A few cruisers and mostly old de stroyers and submarines. ' This force has now been substantially Increased, and while alone it could not meet a Japanese men ace, it has together with the other squadrons, turned the tables on the Japanese and has become a first-class menace to Toklo s ex pansionist ambitions. The old Japanese policy of squeeze and smile then squeeze some more is not likely to be as effective as it has been in the past. For the first time In many years a definite policy has been agreed on between London and Washington. No common policy was possible because In certain British quarters there was a belief that if Japan could be humored the sword need not be drawn. Appeasement Ended. The United States and Great Britain have now gone as far as they could go with the humoring policy. Even the appeasers in both cap itals—men who were loath to see the conflict expand to the Pa cific—have come to realise that the appeasement policy encour ages the Japanese to want more and more until they chose their time to squeeze the Western powers out of the Pacific. But before all the bridges are destroyed a last attempt Is being made to make the Japanese leaders understand that neither this country nor Britain wish the destruction of Japan. Quite the contrary they are willing to ex tend a helping hand provided jingoism Is replaced by a sensi ble policy. western desert; it begins to dimin ish with September, though really good campaigning weather does not arrive until November. However, Italy remains as she has always been—the weak end qf the Axis, and an attack on Italy must always seem attractive to the mas ters of British grand strategy if means can be contrived to get at that country. (Cetrrltbt, 1941. by New York Herald Tribune.) YOUR CHECK Means Something ■ - —j—— - " ! - ■ —— — j! If your check is drawn on National Savings and Trust Company it means that you are a customer of a hank char teted by Congress in 1867— ”51 one which regards its depositors as neighbors, with » many different services and the most modern equip ment for the transaction of your busi ness. It means that you are a discrimi nating person in selecting an institution possessing a solid background of accom- J plishment extending over a period of | nearly 75 years. National Savings /Trust Company 15TH STREET AND NEW YORK AVENUE, N. W. Chartered by Congress 1867 | Member Federal Reserve System • Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation McLemore— Discusses the Most Dangerous Man in U. S. By HENRY McLEMORE. The most dangerous man in America is that mysterious “other fellow” who causes all the automo bile accidents. He is to blame for every collision, dented fender, smashed bump e r, side - swipe and turn-over from Key West to San Fran cisco. Neither you nor I nor any one we know has ever been in the wrong in a smashup. Just think back and see if Henry McLemore. this isn't true. Have you ever admitted (other than to yourself) that if you had been a bit more careful the accident could have been avoided? Neither have I, pal. Let’s shake. You and I are always way over in the right line, aren't we? We never go over the speed limit, either, do we? We always have our eyes on the road, too, and have yet to make a turn without sticking out our hands. We're the first to dim our lights and the first to take it easy when the road is slippery or there is a sharp turn ahead. You'd never find us tearing up to a red light and slamming on the brakes. But that ‘‘other fellow” Is the biggest dam fool. Only yesterday this fact was brought home to me again. A friend borrowed my car to go to the ball game. When he came back the two front fenders were all crumpled. Before he started ex plaining I knew what had hap pened. That confounded "other fel low” was to blame again. I was right. “I was coming up Fifth avenue ‘ he said, “Just barely creeping along, when this other fellow in front of me decided for no reason at all to stop. If I had-” But I interrupted him. “I know Just the spot you were in,” I said. “I can tell you were just creeping along by the fact that the front of the car is only half smashed in. And if you had turned right or left you would have been much worse off. You made the right de cision. And I’ll bet you this, too, the ‘other fellow’ got out of his car and said you were wrong, didn't he?” * * * * My friend looked at me as if I were clairvoyant. "He sure did, and was I burned up. Said I was going too fast, and didn't see the red light. The big fool." That's one of the worst things about "the other fellow." He never has the brains to see that you are completely in the right, and has the audacity to argue with you and me. He cant seem to get it through his head that drivers like you and I don’t make mistakes, that we don’t take chances, and are good enough drivers to drive at Indian apolis if we only had the time. But, boy, do we get our revenge when we tell our friends or the garageman about the accident. We lay the “other fellow” out for fair. His ears would bum If he could hear the things we call him. The “other fellow” is a stupid oaf that shouldn’t be driving a kiddie kar. He's a blind so-an-so who shouldn’t be allowed on the high ways. * * * * Our friends always nod sympa thetically. They understand. They too have had trouble with the “other fellow” many a time. And they remember when we sympathetically listened to their stories of automo bile mlxups which so obviously were not their fault. The number of automobile acci dents in this country each year is appalling. It constitutes a major problem. It seems to me that it could be solved so easily. All that needs to be done is to locate and isolate that ubiquitous menace, the “other fel low,’’ who is constantly sneaking up on you and me and causing an acci dent. He does have a name. He dors have license plates, and a driver’s license. So how on earth dees he elude detection and detention? It cant be that the "other fellow" thinks of us as the "other fellow." It isnt possible, Is it, that he tells his friends and his garageman that ive are the "other fellow”? Let us all meet somewhere and perish the thought. IDlstrlbuted by MeNausht Syndicate. Ice ) Church to Give Supper The annual supper of 8t. Mark's Episcopal Church at Falrland, Md„ will be held between 5 and 8 p.m. Thursday at the church. Chicken »nd ham suppers will be served and proceeds will be used for the benefit >f church work. LYNWOOD Cron tom port traced to shoes •ometlmes s tenehr temper eea be traced to ill-attlnr cheee. Here we neeiaUse ta health theee that leek Heart and (triiah. Three fameat maker te choree from: Ground Gripper. Cantilever. Dr. Kahler. Sold Exclusively in Washington by STACH'S Ground Gripper, Cantilever, Dr. Kahler 521 11th St. N.W. "Ife Fit thl Felt n Nature Intended" }