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Farmers Will Meet f War Needs, Wickard Assures Roosevelt Secretary Predicts Crops ! This Year Will Exceed Record 1941 Yield By the Associated Press. America's farm productive ma chinery has been shifted from low to high gear. Secretary of Agri culture Wickard said today, to as sure a maximum supply of food and fiber for those fighting the "world battle for democracy and civiliza tion.” This accomplishment, he said, was no small one. considering that farm ers as well as agricultural officials had for years "been saturated with ~ thoughts of crop surplus problems.” In his annual report to President Roosevelt the cabinet officer said ‘ agriculture's speedup program brought about a record production of farm products in 1941 and pre dicted an even greater output- this year to meet an expanding demand at, home and from this country's j Allies abroad. Labor Is Scarce. Secretary Wickard said farmers faced this year's increased produc tion goals with a growing shortage of farm labor, machinery and other means of production. "Despite the handicaps," the Sec retary said, "we are ready for the ordeal. Foresight and statesman ship have given us an ever-normal granary, stored with feeds that can be converted into foods. Foresight and statesmanship have provided * us a Nation-wide farm adjustment system, which functions as well in high as in low gear and which is capable of mobilizing the resources of almost every farm.” It is the duty, he said, of the Agriculture Department and of farmers to make fullest use of these facilities, with ‘'national safety j rather than agricultural advantage es the goal.” Mr. Wickard asked farmers to view war problems from the na tional rather than from their group Interest. Sharply increased pro duction of food, for example, in volves some risks for agriculture, he said. World War I Recalled. "Many farmers remember the sur pluses that followed World War I, and fear a similar aftermath again,” he continued. “In vital respect*, however, the situation is different now. In the first place, the danger to our Nation is greater. If Ger many wins it will either throttle | our export trade altogether or will i take our goods merely as prepara tion for an attack upon us. "In the second place, our farm program, forged out of the prob-; lems left by the last World War, is j strong enough to meet the strains of the new post-war period, and to keep the production program well in hand. More important still, vic tory for democracy will postpone the need for readjustments downward in our own farm production. It will give us a transition market and will facilitate gradual changes towaad a peacetime basis.” Mr. Wickard also cautioned farm prs against a "high-price” policy, declaring that advances beyond a certain point might hamper the war program. He re-asserted bis belief in tile adequacy of parity price goals set. up in the 1938 Farm Act. These goals have been reached for most commodities, he said. “Efforts to push farm prices above parity may endanger the parity principle itself,” he said. "The na tional farm program, with its com modity loans and its parity and con servation payments, has had full support up to now of the general public and of consumers. This is because it has been fair. Attempts to raise farm prices out of line with other prices, and to bolster them with artificial scarcity, might prove disastrous.” Trade Treaties Defended. The Secretary asked also that farmers take a national view of this country’s efforts to improve trade relations with Latin and South America through trade agreements. While conceding that such agree-: ments often "rub sore spots on agri- I culture's skin and stir old preju- i dices,” Mr. Wickard denied that they were harmful to American farmers. He argued that they opened up new markets for all types of American products. “Farmers should remember,” he declared, “that the agreements have more than an economic justification. They are the pillars in our hemi sphere defense — vital safeguards against Nazi penetration, both com mercial and military." Looking to the day of victory, the Secretary said the United States 1 must be prepared to send large quantities of food and agricultural supplies to Europe, or be prepared to wrestle with new forces of destruc tion. It will pay the United States to j help, if we have the assurance that ■ the result will be a long peace rather than new civil or international war,” he said. ‘ Under our lend-lease pro gram now we are providing foods and munitions to repel aggression. The same logic will suggest the use of foods to guard against a repeti tion of the danger of revolutionary upheavals in Europe. Warns Against Price Inflation. Payment for such help, he said, may not be immediately in goods or gold, but simply collaboration in world healing "As such,” he said, "it might be highly acceptable.” Mr. Wickard's report warned against price inflation, and of its possible effects on agriculture. He expressed the opinion that it could be checked and possibly stopped by a combination of price controls and Government fiscal policy. "Actually, most farmers oppose Inflated prices: for themselves they want only fair* prices—now and later.” he said. “As long as the parity principle works they have that benefit. Parity prices of course must rise with other prices; but if other prices rise too fast, as In the end they do in inflationary situations, maintenance of parity is difficult or impossible. Farmers con sequently have reason to approve action that will curb speculation and prevent run-away prices, even if it means putting a ceiling on prices.” Society to Hear Camalier The Sdciety of Natives will meet tomorrow at 8 pm. at the Washing ton Club to consider a proposed amendment to the by-laws dealing with meeting dates. Renah F. Camalier, municipal attorney for the Senate District Committee, will apeak . REPORT TO THE NATION Fourth Installment of MacLeish ~ Statement on War Effort V. The Battle of Economies While our sea, land and air fighters are meeting the Axis throughout the world, action has been joined on still another front. This silent ‘and stubborn battle may well be the most decisive of all. It is the battle of eco nomics. It Is a war of commerce and shipping, of barter and buy ing, of loans and agreements, of blacklist and blockade. It is starvation for our enemies and food for our friends. The term "economic warfare," with all its exciting, if vague, connotations, has become famil iar to the average citizen in re cent months. Just what does it • mean? It means fighting the Messerschmitt before it is a Mes serschmitt, fighting the tank be fore it is a tank, smashing the submarine before it can go to sea. It means preventing the manufacture of Axis weapons of war by preventing the Axis from getting raw materials. It means getting raw materials for our own production. In the days of the Napoleonic wars, indeed of our own Civil War, the technical equipment of armies was relatively modest, and a belligerent nation could furnish its own metal and supply. To prosecute war successfully today —to build planes, ships, arma ments—raw materials must be brought from every corner of the earth. Metal Needed for War Tools. The production of the tools of war is an endless adventure Into chemistry and metallurgy. Ar mor plate for battleships and tanks requires not rally steel but manganese, nickel, chromite, tungsten and Vanadium—coming from Latin America, Canada, Turkey, Africa and China. Ar mor-piercing bullets and high speed tools depend upon tungsten that comes from China. Bolivia and the Argentine. Platinum is needed in the manufacture of smokeless powder. Platinum comes from Colombia. Canada, South Africa and the Soviet Union. South America's bauxite becomes aluminum for airplanes. For more than 18 months a host of Government agencies, each working in Its own special ized field, has been laying the battle lines to see that we get these necessities, and that the Axis doesn’t. One of our most important moves in this battle of economies has been to counter the enemy,’s attacks upon us. He has worked for many ywafs to werfCti our military potential. Through pat ent controls- and * cartal .agree ments be succeeded In litoituig American production and export of many vital materials. He kept the prices of these materials up and the output down. He was waging war, and he did his work well, decoying important Ameri can companies into agreements, the purpose of which they did not sense. Our businessmen were peaceful traders. The enemy's businessmen were and are, all over the world, agents of aggres sion. The list of materials affected is long—beryllium, optical instru ments, magnesium, tungsten car bide, pharmaceuticals, hormones, dyes and many more. When you match each product with its mili tary use, the significance of the attack becomes clear, Beryllium is a vital element for alloys that make shell springs; magnesium makes airplanes and incendiary bombs; tungsten carbide Is es sential for precision machine tools. Enemy Long Unchecked. Concealed behind dummy cor porations, the enemy went un checked for years, using our own legal machinery to hamstring us. In the summer of 1938 our Gov ernment began to fight back. Investigation, exposure, antitrust indictments and decrees have broken up many of the agree ments that bound us. Each prod uct listed above is now free from restrictions. Our Government also has worked to break cartel arrange ments under which certain of our products were shut off from South America and other mar kets of the world. Not all our action on the economic front has been defen sive. Since April of 1940 we also have carried the economic battle to the enemy. More than $7,000,000,000 of as sets of 33 foreign countries have been frozen in the United States.' Such action automatically severs normal economic relations be tween the United States and these countries. Foreign funds control helps our friends and harms our enemies. When Germany invaded Den mark and Norway, the President by executive order, froze Danish and Norwegian assets in this country. Thus, the assets of these countries are prevented from fall ing into Axis hands. As other nations were invaded or domi nated, the control was extended successively to the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and the Balkan states. Axis’ Assets Frozen. In June, 1941, the assets of Ger many, Italy , and their satellites were frozen and, shortly after ward, the assets of Japan. The control now embraces all of con tinental Europe except Turkey. After the fall of Manila the assets of the Philippines were frozen to thwart the Japanese. Blocked assets include bank deposits, ear marked gold, securities, mer chandlse, patents, business en terprises, and other forms of property. These things, in themselves, are the tools of economic warfare. The freezing of assets paralysed German and Italian efforts to acquire vital and strategic ma terials In the Western Hemi sphere. The Axis was using American dollars and American banking facilities to underwrite sabotage, spying and a propa ganda campaign In both North and South America. The block ing of Axis assets abruptly choked this poisonous stream. Against Japan, the blow was even more telling. Japan’s econ omy is heavily dependent on Imports. So is her war machine. Japan's purchases of mercury vital In certain explosives—in creased 240 times In 1940 over the amounts acquired In 1939. Her purchases of zinc increased 60 times. In a g'j-year pe riod she bought 4,350.000 tons of scrap iron and steel here. This accumulation of stocks for the war that Is now a reality ended on July 26, when the United States, Great Britain and the Dutch simultaneously applied freezing control. License Control Applied. Approximately 2,500 business enterprises with varying degrees of foreign domination now are operating under licenses granted by the Foreign Funds Control. Each firm is required to file an affidavit giving the organiza tion of the corporation, officers and directors, nature of opera tions, and its principal cus tomers. Periodic reports must also be filed. As a result of this, 1 plus the first comprehensive cen sus ever made of foreign-held property in the United States, the Treasury Department now has In its files strategic information on the structure, activities and back ground of Axis-owned and Axis dominated concerns. All security accounts of for eigners have been frozen. The unlicensed importation of securi ties from any foreign country has been prohibited. This struck against the Axis, which has at tempted to dump into the Ameri can market a wealth of securi ties looted from fallen coun tries. Another powerful weapon in fighting Axis influence has been the blacklist or, to give it its legal name, the proclaimed list of certain blocked nationals. First used against Axis agents in this hemisphere, the blacklist has now been extended to cover the neutral nations of Europe. The blacklist is, in effect, a roll call, of Jp<ttiTjJuals anfl Qrms wttft, which Americans must not trade. There are now approximately 5,600 names on the list. They represent billions in Axis invest ment. ' In one small Central American country alone German firms did an annual business of between $75,000,000 and $100, 000,000. The names on the blacklist—a Who's Who of Axis undercover agents and their dummies—rep resent months of investigation and intelligence work by the Office of the Co-ordinator of In ter-American Affairs, the De partment of Justice, Treasury, the Department of Commerce, and State Department's diplo matic missions in the various countries. Dislocations Prevented. Particular effort has been made to prevent dislocation of the economy of the democracies of the Americas, as a result of the eradication of Axis influ ences. Guatemala is an exam ple. The Germans there owned 50 per cent of the coffee Indus try. To have barred this Ger man-grown coffee from the United States would have cre ated a desperate financial crisis in Guatemala. Treasury and State Department representa tives arranged for the Guate malan government to take over the coffee crop and clear It to this country through a central bank In Guatemala City. The blacklist has effectively ended, except for small quantity smuggling, all direct trade with Axis firms. The problem now is to deal with firms serving as cloaks for enemy trading. The profits from dealing in contra band are enormous. Some com panies have been offered as much as 75 per cent of the value of an export cargo merely for the use of their names as the shippers. It is now accurate to say that Hitler and his partners will find no further economic aid or com fort in the republics of the Amer icas. Directing our campaign in this battle of trade, the Board of Economic Warfare aids the mili tary in the establishment of blockades. It also is empowered to control exports under a li censing system and to requisition and seize commodities whose export Is forbidden under emer gency laws. Recently 590,000 pounds of tin plate were seized In a New York warehouse. Purchased a year ago and kept in storage, the tin plate was consigned to an In dustrial concern in a nation now dominated by the Axis. Thou sands of tons of aluminum and iron and steel products original billed for similar destination? have been found in warehouses and in railroad yards. The Gov ernment Is taking over and using these goods. Axis Air Lines Curbed. Control of exports and the blacklist are inseparable. The shipment of many non-vital com modities to South America and the British Empire is freely per mitted under so-called general license*, but such license* are not granted until the blacklist has been consulted. Issuing of li censes has been greatly speeded so that legitimate Industry does not suffer. Some 1,000 applica tions are being handled a day. In moat instances a decision is made within two days. The elimination of Axis-con trolled air lines in South Amer ica is another excellent example of successful economic warfare. The shipment of high-octane gasoline to suspect companies was cut off. Most of the republics wanted to buy out foreign own ers. but lacked the means. An $8,000,000 lending fund was set up to facilitate these purchases. In September of 1989 there were 4.109 miles of Axis-dominated lines In Bolivia; now there are none. There were 5,494 miles In Colombia, 594 miles in Ecuador, 1.310 miles in Peru. Now there are none. The Job is virtually complete in other countries. Not content to block the ex port of products from the United States to the Axis, we have worked to prevent the Axis from getting strategic materials from any country. We have con tracted for the purchase of ma terials which might otherwise be sold to enemy agents. Before the end of 1940 agree ments had been signed which assured us substantially the en tire copper production of Chile, Mexico and Peru. In November, 1940, we agreed to buy almost all Bolivian tin not earmarked for Great Britain. A few months later, in the face of higher Jap anese bids, an agreement was made to purchase Bolivia's entire tungsten output. Under the 1941 agreements with Brasil, Mexico and Peru, we are taking the en tire exportable surplus of almost all their strategic materials. Wa have made similar arrangements for the control of Colombian platinum and Cuban sugar. Reserve Supplies Guarded. Choking off the enemy's sources of materials fitted naturally Into our broader efforts to obtain our own stocks. The Government's stock-piling program—to build up reserves of imported war ma terials which might be cut off In time of war—began in the sum mer of 1939, but feebly. It was stepped up after the fall of France. These reserves wlU con tinue to be bolstered, but their exact size will be kept secret. As users of tires and golf balls are now aware, suppUes of some ma terials are not sufficient to meet both our fighting needs and our civilian desires. Special studies have uncovered ■processes for treatlng—low-frade domestic ores, providing new sources o(,strategic metals. Agri culture research men are work ing to develop substitutes for ma terials which we have imported from the Far East. New uses have been found for some of our own most common products. In the case of rubber, we are supplementing our stock pUe by building synthetic rubber plants, by Increasing the reclaiming of rubber, by stimulating rubber pro duction in South America, and by preparing the way for in creased production of guayule rubber, which comes from s shrub we can grow in our own South west. # Our dependence on the democ racies of the Americas for stra tegic materials carries with it an obligation to send in return the manufactured goods they can get nowhere else. It is a part of our economic policy to continue suffi cient exports to our neighbors to satisfy their minimum essential requirements, treating their civil ian needs as we would our own. Special consideration has been given to supply them with ma chinery needed for their part in the productive effort. We have granted export licenses for tin plate to maintain the canning Industry of South America. We have given high priority ratings for railroad equipment to Brazil. Financing Explained. The allocation of supplies Is worked out, so far as possible, in co-operation with the other American governments. To aid in the financing of these purchases and to develop new, untouched resources the Export Import Bank has granted loans and credits to 18 American re publics. For example, credit was extended to Brasil for the erec tion of a steel plant. Coeta Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Panama have received loans for highway improvements; Haiti for rubber production. Outstand ing loans and undisbursed com mit menu now total approximate ly $3*0,000,000. Beyond today’s objective, to defeat the Axis in the war, lies the peace of tomorrow. The eco nomic highways we have pio neered in war will still be there. If we have pioneered well, the blows struck in economic warfare will be blows struck for our fu ture freedom and prosperity, and the freedom and prosperity of all friendly nations, large and small, ' everywhere. (To be continued.) District Soldier Killed While on Sentry Duty Br the Associated Frees. FORT DIX. N. J., Jan. *6.—Pvt, Frederick H. Robinson, 28, of Wash ington, cm sentry duty here Satur day, was killed when the rifle of an other sentry aeeldentlly discharged, Burlington County Coroner Bnenl White said. MaJ. Aage Woldlke, post public relations officer, said the otbei Sentry was Pvt. Carl Stroter, 27, of Boston, Mass. Both men were mem bers of a colored Infantry regiment Music Praised as Aid j To Solidarity Among American Nations Educational Project Due To Run Two Years May Continue Indefinitely By JOSEPH A. RAWLINGS, Wld* world r CHICAGO, Jan. 38.—Mualc is sing ing a song of Pan-American unity. Through Its medium. Innumerable staunch friendships between the peoples erf North and South America are being built in steadily growing numbers. . < These observations were made to day by C. V. Buttelman, executive secretary of the Music Educators National Conference, in an inter view. He surveyed the effects of fciore than a year at work on a music - for - uniting - the • Americas movement, and announced the proj ect, originally planned for at least two years, probably would be carried on indefinitely. Curiosity Opening Wedge. Since the movement—one of sev eral phases of a general American unity through music program—got under way a year ago last October, Mr. Buttelman said he noted: 1. A sharp rise in the Latin Ameri can folk lore music being used in the music departments of the schools throughout the United States, as well as a steadily Increas ing spread of the popular or “Tin Pan-Alley" types in other places, In cluding the radio—and a correspond ing advance in the popularity of North American music in the other new world republics. 2. TTie springing up of a legion of natural friendships between North and South Americans as a re sult of visits to North American schools by professors, teachers and students of music from the other American republics. Mr. Buttelman attributed the rapid growth of friendships through music to the “natural curiosity that one musician has for another's work”—a curiosity which becomes the opening and unforced wedge to mutual understandings in other in terests. “Because the curiosity is not forced,” he said, "it becomes much easier to integrate Interests through culture than through commerce. A salesman may be suspect, but when one musician visits another musician —Just for a visit, with nothing to sell—their mutual curiosity leads to understandings of other problems and results in lasting friendships. The original contact is all that is needed to establish these very fine understandings. Sympathetic Attitude. “Something that happened to me illustrates the point. After I had met Luiz Heitor Correa de Azevedo, a musicologist from the University of Brazil, at the Pan-American Union in Washington. I learned so much about Brazil that for the first time In my life I found myself anxious to go to Rio. "Until then south America nan seemed as far away to me as Asia. Literally hundreds of other persons making a musical contact with this one man. have exactly the same feeling that I have. It would be hard for me now to have anything but a sympathetic attitude toward all of South America, particularly Brazil.” The Music Educators’ Conference Is a department of the National Ed ucation Association. Approximately 00 different musical organizations, including more than a score of State associations of music teachers —representing Instructors from kindergartens to universities, are affiliated with the conference. When the conference's Board of Directors adopted its general Amer ican unity through music program in October of 1040 the plan was sub mitted to the heads of the organi zation’s units for execution. The results were so gratifying that Mr. Buttelman ventured his prediction it would be carried on indefinitely. In addition to the music for unit ing the Americas phase, the general program was designed to stimulate music as a morale builder during the defense emergency, promote the consistent use of patriotic and na tional songs in the schools and col leges afid extend the general knowl edge and appreciation for American folk and pioneer tunes. Federal Agencies Co-operate. The unity for the Americas activ ities have the support and co-oper ation of the Pan-American Union, the Institute of International Edu cation and two Government agen cies, the Office of the Co-ordinator of Inter-American Affairs and the Music Advisory Committee of the State Department. "While our group is taking the leadership In this movement,” Mr, EDUCATIONAL. Pac* Court*!: B. C. S. and I M. C. S. D«jr**t. CP. A. ' Preparation. Day and Er*n in<j Diritlont: Coeducational Bond far SMi Tear B**k BENIAMIN flANKLIN UNIVIBBITT 11B0 IMh Btr—t, N. W. trt L HE MM Tin Qovaramaat and Private Mushy Need Stenopayhars Wood College has intro duced a special M-day course in Gregg Shorthand and Touch Typewriting to meet this demand. Enroll Now WOOD COLLEGE 710 14th St. N.W. ML 5051 TO MEET DEMAND LATE EVENING CLASSES SPANISH 9 to 10 P.M. STARTING MONDAY Berlitz School Hill BM«. ITtt ANP ETI HI gW U. S. Cannot Rely On British Transport, Report Declares Foreign Policy Association Points to Change in Picture From Last War Any substantial American expedi tionary forcfe will have to be carried by United States merchant ships trv stead of by British vessels, as in the last war. the Foreign Policy Asso ciation said yesterday. The heavy demand on British and American shipping for moving raw materials to this country and war goods to the anti-Axls countries has changed the picture since the World War, said a report by the association, a privately funded organisation. The report estimated that 7,000, 000 tons of shipping would be needed to supply an American expeditionary force of 2,000.000 men located 3,000 miles away. To transport one soldier that distance, the report said, would require 17 deadweight tons of ship ping. "On the basis of these figures,” the association added, "an expeditionary force of this size would engage the great bulk of American tonnage that has until now been employed in maintaining a steady flow of raw materials coming into and war sup plies going out of the United States.” Hie magnitude of this p-oblem, the report said, was contemplated by President Roosevelt when he asked Congress on January 6 to provide for the building of 8.000.000 deadweight tons of shipping in 1942 and 10,000, 000 tons the following year. Buttelman said, "we are getting help from our neighbor organizations, the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, the Music Teachers’ National Association and the Na tional Association of Schools of Music. "One object is to insure that when concerts are given, or when music is played over the air, that it will be the kind the South Americans themselves will be glad to have heard—and to make sure that the audience knows what type is being presented—whether it's the type that represents the folk lore or is simply a sort of invention based on the native tunes of South America. The Tin-Pan-Alley type# are o. k., but our serious-minded musical ed ucators do not wish the people to be entirely immersed in this kind of South American music alone.” Dr. J. K. FREIOT, DENTIST PLATE SPECIALIST Plate* Repaired While Yoa Wait 407 7th St. N.W. NA. 0019 Reuther Demands Voice For labor in War Councils ■r th« AuodiUd Prm. SAGINAW, Mich., Jan. M.—Wal ter P. Reuther, head of the C. I. O. United Auto Workers’ Union’s Gen eral Motors Department, believes labor must have a voice in wartime and post-war production to avoid "a depression making the last (me look like a pink tea party.” Mr. Reuther, author of the Reu ther plan for conversion of the au tomobile industry to war produc tion, told an audience of 2,500 here yesterday that jinless a rong-range industrial program is developed, the country will go into "another eco nomic talispin'' after the wdr. "Unless labor is given a place at the council table,” he added, “we re going to be in another financial mess — chaos and unemployment which will make 1831 and 1833 look like a pink tea party.” He assailed the “fat dollar-a-year men in Washington” who, he said, “won’t make one tank.” ANY WATCH CIcuwC Hi U Wssk OwkiiM OuiutoM Watch Crystals, 45c WADE'S i£EK, «1B ISth St. N.W. 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