Evening star. [volume], January 28, 1942, Page A-2, Image 4

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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■ Improvement Found
; In Relations of
: U. S. and Chile
American Ex-Professor
Notes Prevalence of
Interchange Students
Mr. Rogers is one or a number
of American newspapermen now
visiting Chile as guests of Chilean
newspapers. This visit returns
the visit of Chilean newspaper
men last year who were guests of
American newspapers, including
The Star. The interchange of
journalists was arranged by
United States Ambassador to
Chile Claude Bowers.
By HAROLD B. ROGERS,
Star Stitt Corresponded*.
SANTIAGO, Chile (By Mail).—
Marked improvement in the rela
tionship between Chile and the
United States over the last half
century is seen by Dr. Isaac Joslin
Cox of Chicago, 111., who is in
Santiago to give a series of lectures
in the summer session of the Uni
versity of Chile on ‘‘Development
of Democracy in the United States.”
'Z Prof. Cox, who recently retired'as
' professor of Latin American history
- at Northwestern University, has a
rich background of both knowledge
and experience in Latin American
affairs. He has been studying the
countries in Central and South
America since he was a young
teacher in the San Antonio Acad
emy at San- Antonio, Tex. He has
made four trips to South America,
each time visiting Chile. He made
his first trip south of the American
border in 1898, and also has traveled
extensively in Spain,
More Students from u. S.
"One of the main things that
„ mark this particular trip,” he said,
- "is the growing number of students
from the United States. They seem
to be everywhere, and from my ex
perience for the last two years, the
same thing is true of South Ameri
can students in North America.
"This interchange is in itself one
of the best links in Pan-American
ism, but at the same time in both
regions more care should be exer
cized in the selection of students
who are to visit the respective
• countries.
"In the first place, they should
be students who have had a sin
cere purpose, not merely a desire
to travel or to have some adventure.
They should have some knowledge
' of the language, enough at least
to bridge over the early days of in
troduction. and in a short time to
acquire reasonable facility in ex
changing ideas.
"Students should likewise not lose
their good judgment on finding that
people of other lands do things in
different ways. Doubtless they have
as good a reason for th$ir methods
as do the people back borne. And
one should give them the benefit of
good Judgment in such matters.
Should Learn Background.
"Another point is that students
should, if possible, have some
familiarity with the historical back
ground of the country*" visited and
of its economic and social develop
ment. They should be: prepared to
give credit for the really wonderful
history that these countries present
—a history that surpasses that of
the United States in length. These
countries, it is true, borrowed much
from our political, social and
economic experience, but their bor
rowings have been adapted to their
own needs and to the psychology
of their people. We also have some
thing to learn from them.
"In visiting these countries, one
l should learn to discriminate between
! life as shown in the larger cities,
- and the country life. Naturally In
• the later, there has been less change
• than in the cities, but the rural
J conditions more definitely show the
• path of development than does city
• life. During the last 20 years the
5 advance In the larger cities in
; respect to public buildings, municipal
- improvements, methods of com
1 munication, fashions and social cus
2 toms in general, has brought about
• considerable unity In external fea
. tures: so that as between the capital
! of one country and another one
“ detects fewer differences than would
• have been the case 20 years ago. This
• change has tended to bring about
; an external unity that after all Is
; only a surface manifestation. During
- the same period there has been an
Intensification of national life in
each of the Latin American countries
that must be taken into considera
tion. One must grant a great deal
to this national self-love, if he ex
pects to appreciate the people he is 1
visiting, their intimate problems and
the general trend in their develop- ;
ment.
Advance in Education.
"In Chile I And there has been
what I would call a really wonderful
advance in education during the
last 20 years, despite the lack of
means since the depression began.
There has also been an important
advance in means of communica
tion throughout the nation. The
Transandino has been put out of
commission by a landslide. Never
theless I find more Argentine vis
itors in Chile, and doubtless one
would find more Chileans in Argen
tina than was the case earlier. One
can now cross the Andes by autobus
as well as traverse the country from
north to south, and the highways are
being steadily improved.
"The scenery of the country is
very much more available than be
fore. Of course. I personally have en
joyed the week s visit in the lake
region in the summertime, because
all my other three visits here have
been in the Chilean winter. It was a
delightful experience to wish our
Chilean friends ‘happy new year’ at
Puerto Varas.
“Half a century ago during my.
boyhood days, an unfortunate in
cident turned the attention of the
American people toward Chile. As a
schoolboy I took part in a debate on
the attitude our country then as
sumed and without forgetting my
own devotion to my own country,
then expressed some criticism of the
attitude of the United States Gov
ernment. Fortunately during the
succeeding half century those in
cidents have become fewer in num
ber, while events that call for good
neighborliness have correspondingly
Increased. It Is gratifying in the
midst of a Chilean summer to look
back on 50 years that have marked
this growing sense of appreciation."
British Cool Strike Settled
LONDON. Jan. 28 <£>).—'The 19
day strike In the Kent coal mines
was settled today by a negotiated
agreement.
U. S. ARMY COMMANDERS IN BRITISH ISLES—Maj. Gen. James Chaney (left), newly named
to command all American forces in the British Isles, greets Maj. Gen. Russell P. Hartle on his
arrival at a North Ireland port with a contingent of American troops.
—A. P. Wirephoto by Cable From London Today.
British Air Marshal Calls Single Aviation
Force Vital to Successful Conduct of War
By VISCOUNT TBENCHARD,
Marshal of tha Royal Air Force
Copyrnht, 1942, by the Dally Telegraph.
London.
LONDON, Jan. 28.—Far be it
from me to add to the controversy
that seems always to rage when any
matters of how to use air power
' are debated. I cannot help remem
bering what a great general re
marked to me in the last war about
these controversies:
"Why do you deplete the fight
over air between the services? As
long as there Is air there will always
be an air crisis due to the extraordi
nary speed and range of aircraft.”
In recent months a great deal has
been written in the American press
and elsewhere to prove that the
British system of an autonomous air
force is a disastrous failure, that
each and every reverse that has be
fallen British arms from Norway to
Crete has been due to the existence
of the third service and that even
our successes, such as the sinking
of the Bismarck and the improve
ment in the battle of the Atlantic
and in the battle of Britain were
for some mystical reason in spite
of and not due to our organization.
-• Biased GrHtclsns <Q^arged.
’Rie moral is drawn that the pres
ent system in- the United States,
where there are three or four sep
arate air»forces, should b£ per
petuated in the United States and
extended to the British Empire.
I do not presume to suggest to
the United States how their forces
should be organized. I do not pro
fess to be an expert on Western
Hemisphere defense and would not
presume to offer advice on that
subject to those whose business it
is further, perhaps, than to ex
press the hope that they will not
permit themselves to be deluded by
Inexpert and biased criticism into
making wrong judgments on prem
ises fantastically Incorrect.
The first point to remember as
a background to all consideration
of the lessons of this war up to
date is that we started the war in
a shocking condition of weakness.
For years we had been spending
annually about eight times as much
on the older services as we spent
on the air force.
Air Force Deeds Minimized.
The lessons and portents of the
last war were not generally under
stood and after that war most re
sponsible officers in the Navy and
Army minimized the accomplish
ments of the air forces in the war
and failed to foresee what should
have been, plain for all to see, the
potentialities of air power 20 years
ahead.
Fifteen years later we failed to
profit by the unmistakable warnings
we received in 1934 or even in 1938
to take our aircraft production
seriously in hand, and no one can
look back today on the air situation
in September, 1939, without a shud
der at our sheer audacity in going
to war at all with the air force and
the aircraft industry in the state
they were in at that time.
Even 20 months later, at the time
of Crete, we had still had to con
centrate our resources on providing
for the vital needs of defense at
home and in the Atlantic to an
extent that may be measured by
the fact that at the time of Crete
we had barely 50 serviceable fight
ers in the Middle East command
and a few obsolescent American
fighters at Singapore.
Urged Malaya as Air Base.
Fifteen years ago I. as chief of
the air staff, was advocating that
Malaya should be made a great air
base and that our limited allotment
of money should be spent on bomb
ers and torpedo aircraft instead of
on the huge guns that are there
now.
The situation is very different to
day. But the .significant fact is that
in only two major operations have
we had anything approaching the
necessary air strength, namely, the
battle of Britain arid the recent
operations in Libya. And we were
only able to secure that strength
by a ruthless adherence to the one
great principle of air warfare, the
principle that in Itself not only
justifies but imperatively demands
a single autonomous air force, the
principle of concentration of the
greatest available force on the task
that is decisive at the time.
The second point to remember,
arising directly out of the first, is
that the democracies cannot do in
peace or even always in war all the
things that are strategically de
sirable, a condition which, while it
will be a strength in the long run,
is often temporarily a terrible
strategic handicap.
Statesman Is Responsible.
In a democracy, because it is a
democracy, the fighting man U the
servant of the statesman and
strategy is profoundly affected by
Internal and international politics.
The responsibility is with the
statesman who has to Justify his
actions and maintain his position in
a legally constituted representative
assembly, representative of the
people, whose knowledge of military
matters is nonexistent and whose
Judgment is frequently wrong.
It is therefore all the more im
portant that advice on the applica
tion of air power should be the re
sponsibility of a single head of a
centralized service, working as the
chief of an expert stall who have
made a life study of air power and
its problems and that the decisions
of the political authority, the Prime
Minister and the war cabinet, should
be capable of being translated into
action with that promptitude and
administrative efficiency which
would be impossible under divided
control.
Concentration Is Decisive.
The principle of concentration on
the decisive point is indeed the es
sence of air power. No serious ex
ponent of air power or of the sys
tem of a third service claims that
war can be won solely by air forces.
No one weapon, no single service,
no specialized military method, can
win any war. But the misuse or fail
ure to take advantage of any one
| military method may Well lose a" war
and can very easily prolong it dis
1 astrously.
The art of war is to know how
to weld all tactics Into one whole,
when to put the emphasis on one
or another, how much of the Na
tion’s resources to allot to each
and, as far as air power Is con
cerned, to take full advantage of
Jts flexibility to concentrate It In
adequate strength at the place and
on the task which is of decisive
importance at the time.
We capnot be stronger than the
enemy everywhere all the time. If
we could be, it would cease to be
relevant because the war would be
won. So we must use our air re
sources flexibly as our major na
tional strategy demands at the
time, as the Germans do. We can
only do that If we have a single
autonomous air service as the Ger
mans have, based by Goering's own
admission on our model.
Superior German Control.
Where their organization is su
perior to ours is, first, in their cen
tralized high direction, which con
trolls and co-ordinates the effort of
all thre$ services and, secondly,
in the fact that they have ruth
lessly discarded outworn naval and
mUitary traditions, have allotted
to air power Its proper share In
their plans and have remolded
their naval and military technique
to suit the conditions of the air
age.
In this latter respect we have
much to learn from them. Armies
and fleets are still expected, or have
until very recently been expected, to
do things they are quite unable to
do. such as fight a land war without
air superiority or control narrow
waters which are dominated by hos
tile air power.
Conversely, Jt is not unknown for
air forces to be expected to perform
tasks for which they are quite un
fitted, or at least can only perform
by a quite disproportionate expendi
ture of effort, man power and mate
rial, and then not so effectively as
the land or sea forces whose proper
tasks they are.
Admiral Yarnell Refuted.
If for major strategic reasons we
cannot concentrate adequate air
power in any place or on any task,
then the operations of our naval and
land forces must be adjusted ac
cordingly. It may. for political rea
sons, be considered necessary to fight
on land or at sea without adequate
air support. We had to in Norway,
and we had to in Greece and Crete,
because there were not the air forces
available, nor were there adequate
airdromes if they had been.
Admiral Yarnell, who in a recent
article in Collier’s Magazine makes
the extraordinary assumption that
the loss of Crete was due to some
arbitrary and one-sided decision on
the part of the Royal Air Force to
withdraw air support, is not alone
in his failure to understand the pro
found influence of geographic con
ditions on the exercise of air power.
He would not suggest, for in
stance, that the United States Fleet
should be told to operate in Jap
anese waters without a base in the
Far East or a reasonably secure
line of supply for its tankers and
ammunition ships.
Yet an air force without bases and
without a secure system of supply
for fuel, bombs and spare parts is
just as helpless as that fleet
would be.
A fleet at sea. operating beyond
the range of shore-based air sup
port, must take its own air support
with it in the form of ship-borne
aircraft and these may be and in ;
the Britsih system are part of the
fleet.
Ship-borne fighters, however, are I
not always available and the loss
of the Prince of Wales and the Re
pulse has proved what the air staff
have constantly urged in the past,
that when neither ship-borne nor
shore-based fighter cover can be af
forded heavy ships cannot venture
safely within the effective range of
shore-based air striking forces.
Specialisation Is “Nonsense.”
There is a great deal of egregious
nonsense talked about the need for
specialized training for air opera
tions in support of armies and
navies. The uninitiated would
almost be led to believe that it is
hecessary to breed a special type of
Anti-Air-Raid Training Begins
A. E. F/s Work in North Ireland
Officials Believe Luftwaffe May Attempt
To Bomb Concentrations of U. S. Troops
By the Associated Press.
SOMEWHERE IN NORTHERN
IRELAND, Jan. 28.—United States
troops newly established In North
ern Ireland were called from their
beds before dawn today to begin
learning the business of what to do
and howr to behave in case of a Nazi
air raid.
Their first day in camp yesterday
was free for the men to settle down
in their new surroundings and rest
from a tiring ocean trip. But when
the bugle sounded this morning it
meant that an arduous training
program was being resumed.
Officials do not conceal their con
cern that the German air force
may attempt to give the troops in
the new encampments a taste ot
bombing.
A German bomber was engaged
by ground batteries not far away
at the moment the troops were
landing.
All the camps, constructed by
lend-lease technicians months in
advance, have been equipped with
air-raid shelters and the men are
to be taught quickly their most
efficient use.
Ulster Transformed.
This section of Northern Ireland,
with its Old World ways and un
changing customs, has been trans
formed into a comer of the U. S. A.
by the advent of the new A. E. F.
The groundwork for the trans
formation, however, was laid by a
corps of 1,500 American technicians
who have been laboring here for
months to build the cantonments
into which the troops moved on their
debarkation Monday.
The technicians did more than
build the cantonment*, for they
paved the way for the doughboys
by establishing friendly relations
with the Irish despite differences in
speech and temperament.
Recruited from the lumber camps
of the American Northwest, from
construction Jobs and factories, they
have amazed and pleased the people
of this Emerald Isle by the vigor
with which they have tackled a
tough wartime task.
Minimum of Friction.
Shoulder to shoulder they have
worked with Britons and Irishmen
and there has been a minimum
friction on the job and off.
The first of the American tech
nicians arrived in July on a Canadian
transport. They immediately set up
a self-sufficient community, asking ,
nothing from the British larder and i
bringing their own equipment to
execute the task arranged for them
under the Lease-Lend Act by which
the United States promised all-out
aid to her future ally.
The workers live in construction
camps that are a far cry from the
rural antiquity of the countryside
in which they are set down. They
wear the gaudy checked shirts and
the high-laced boots of the Ameri
can lumberjacks and they eat
ravenously of typical American food
prepared by American cooks.
Their pay is good, running with
overtime up to $150 or more a week,
as compared wtih the $40 or so they |
made at home, and all their living
expenses are paid. Because of reg
ulations enforced to meet British
tax requirements, however, the men
can draw no more than $28 a week
here.
The rest is paid to relatives in
the United States or 'banked for
them there.
Ulster's Premier Says
De Valera Has No Right
To ProtesLA. E. F.
Andrews Declares Eire
Already Has Cost 'Many
Thousands of Lives'
»j th« AuocltUd Pkm.
BELFAST. Northern Ireland, Jan.
28.—Prime Minister John M. An
drews told Parliament here today
that Eamon de Valera, Prime Min
ister of Eire, had no right to protest
the arrival of United States troops
in Ulster (Northern Ireland).
(De Valera contended that the
debarkation of United States
on the northern side of the bor
der emphasized the split which
led to the partition of Ireland in
1021; was carried out “despite the
express will of the Irish people";
and his government was not con
sulted.)
“As head of the government of a
neighboring neutral state," Mr. An
drews said, “he (De Valera) evi
dently resents the arrival of Amer
ican troops here. No doubt he
would have prevented it if he could,
Just as he has denied to Britain and
the United States use of naval bases
in Eire.
“This folly has meant the sacrifice
of many thousands of gallant lives
in the battle of the Atlantic. Eire
is In no less danger of invasion by
Germany than Britain and Northern
Ireland. If such an attack were
made, the people of Eire would be
glad of any help they could secure,
whether British or American.
“It is our duty and our privilege
not only to welcome the American
troops, but to facilitate them to the
uttermost in the task in which they
are engaged," Andrews continued.
“Northern Ireland is in the fight
for freedom and intends to see it
through.
“With a check for $1,000,000 as a
first move, United States Army au
thorities have opened an account in
a Northern Ireland bank to pay for
the needs of the force landed here
this week.”
De Valera Says Eire
Was Not Consulted
DUBLIN, Jan. 28 UP).—Eamon de
Valera, the Brooklyn-bom Prime
Minister of neutral Eire, vigorously
protested last night the landing of
United States troops across the
border in Northern Ireland and
the renewed emphasis thus placed
on the rift between Eire and the
six counties of the north.
(Washington displayed scant
sympathy for Mr. de Valeras
protest. There was no official
comment, but President Roose
velt made It plain that fie re
garded the protest as inconse
quential.)
Mr. de Valera based his protest
on the fact that Irish govern
ment was “not consulted either by
the British government or the
American Government'' on the ar
rival of the troops.
Simultaneously Minister of Sup
plies Sean Lemass. in a speech here
last night, declared Eire a independ
ence and neutrality faced increas
ing, danger and might- hair* their
supreme test in the coming year
He made no further elaboration on
that statement.
Churchill Asked to Seek
Naval Bases in Eire
LONDON, Jan. 28 Prime
Minister Churchill was urged in
the House of Commons today to
consult with President Roosevelt on
making joint representations to
Premier Eamon de Valera of Eire
for the use of Eire's seaports and
bases for the duration of the war.
The request came from the Rev.
Dr. James Little. Conservative, who
argued that the Allies needed these
bases “urgently.” In a written re
ply, Clement R. Attlee, lord privy
seal, said the Prime Minister “does
not wish to make any further state
ment on this subject at the present
time.”
man to recognize a ship at tea or
an enemy tank in the desert.
Some special training is obviously
necessary, but It is surely equally
obvious that after the first few
months of a war the long and Inti
mate experience and highly special
ized training that is so often claimed
as essential for effective air support
of land or sea forces simply is not
available. Replacements would have
to come, as they do now, from keen
young volunteers from civil life
with no specialized naval or mili
tary knowledge.
The Royal Air Force crew-s of the
coastal command, though they per
sistently decline to call their bed
room a cabin or a service motor
car a liberty boat, have given and
are giving service that could not
be excelled by the smartest sub
lieutenant who ever passed top out
of Dartmouth.
U. S. and Britain Map
Long-Range Strategy
For Army Expeditions
House Passes 18 Billion
Navy Bill; 6 to 10
A. E. F.s in Field
BT tbe Associated Press.
Official statements indicated
today that the United States and
Britain have worked out a long
term land-sea victory plan for
surprise expeditions of field army
size to strike suddenly across any
ocean.
Disclosures of President Roose
velt, Prime Minister Churchill and
congressional leaders gave broad
outlines of the plan and Congress
rushed legislation to carry It out.
The House passed, 388 to 0. and sent
to the Senate last night the $17,
722.565.474 naval appropriations bill,
including a special emergency pro
vision for developing amphibious
strategy.
The bill provides $3,900,000,000 for j
emergency construction of 1,799 spe
cial vessels. The House Naval Af
fairs Committee disclosed In a re
port that this provision would give
“the necessary ships with which to j
conduct the amphibious operations
which it is contemplated may be
necessary to prosecute the present
war to a successful conclusion.”
Depends on U. S. for Ships.
Mr. Churchill, meanwhile, had
told Parliament that the United
States was being depended on for
transport and supply ships. When
they are ready, he said, "we shall
be able to move across the ocean
next year two, three and even' four
times as large armies as the con
siderable forces we are able to han
dle at present."
Although Mr. Churchill said that j
a swift redistribution of Allied forces
was directed on December 12, there
was no indication of what may have
been involved beyond President
Roosevelt's assertion in a press con
ference late yesterday that America
was sending all the help it could
to the Southwest Pacific area and
that «ix to ten American expedi
tionary forces are in various locali
ties of the world.
The redistribution was regarded
as a short-range, holding action to
strengthen United Nations’ lines in
the Pacific and bolster outposts
against sudden Axis thrusts. Be
yond this immediate defensive ac
tion was the broader, long-term
strategy of deploying land-sea
forces over the whole world.
The Naval Committee report said
there were “many confidential de
tails” about the special type vessels
being built under the emergency
program, and there was speculation
that they would Include substantial j
numbers of ships for landing opera- |
tlons on hostile shores.
Preble Scope of Pun.
Increasing amphibious raids on
the Axis-held coasts of Europe,
possibly building up to full-dress
assaults on Norway from the British
Isles and on Italy and the Northern
Mediterranean shore from the
British-held bulge of Cyrenaica.
were considered likely parts of the
long-range plan.
In the Pacific, the thinly-spread
Japanese Army and Navy would be
particularly vulnerable to sudden
blows by a powerful amphibious
force. Japan itself, with its 12 main
islands and 4,000 smaller islands,
offers a tempting target to such an
expedition, especially if the United
Nations are able to gain Pacific air
superiority.
In the Southwestern Pacific area,
as Immediate strategy of the United
Nations is to hold Australia and the
Netherlands East Indies as bases
1 for a Pacific striking force.
While Pacific and Atlantic striking
forces are being built up, the British
and American Navies have as their
main tasks the protection of At
lantic and Pacific supply routes. The
urgency of this task was emphasized 1
by the Navy's announcement last
night that enemy submarines had
attacked two more American tankers
off the Atlantic coast, with one sunk
and the fate of the other not im
medi'atelv determined.
Score Considered Good.
Despite the latest attacks, the
Navy’s score against Atlantic sub
marines was considered good. Sev
eral are known to have been dis
posed of and the expeditionary force
to Northern Ireland was escorted
across the ocean without mishap.
This force, described officially as
just a sample of "very considerable” ;
numbers yet to go. now has joined
the huge army Britain has been
building up in the six northern
countries since the summer of 1940
against the possibility of a German
Invasion of Erie, to the south.
Neutrality of Erie gives the United
Nations the same military problem
which the Allies had in Western
Prance before German invasion of 1
the Lowlands. They have to prepare
an expedition to rush into the coun
try if and when the Germans strike.
Dut the initiative is with the enemy. |
About 200 languages are spoken
in India. j
ONLY ONE IN WASHINGTON
It's a fact. Louis Brown is the only English custom
tailor and importer in Washington. As the actual
importer of fine English and Scotch fabrics, you can
be sure of the best at strictly moderate charges, and
now, particularly during reduction period, the savings
are really worthwhile. Reductions up to 40% on
suit or topcoat to measure.
Handwoven Scotch tweed suit or topcoat now $35.00
(a 40% saving). English fine worsted suits to meas
ure $38.25 up.
For a pleasant surprise, see
\
Enms irmmt
Englith Cuttom Tailor
812 14th Street N.W.
London—England—Loads RE. 1396
Communiques
U. S. Bombers Sink Jap
« Transport, Hit Cruiser
War Department communique No.
SO, outlining military situation as of
9:30 a m. today, follows:
1. Philippine theater:
There was practically no
ground activity on the Batan
Peninsula yesterday. The enemy
landed relatively few numbers
in the Subic Bay area.
Enemy air activity was limited
to reconnaissance flights.
2. Netherlands Indies:
Further reports of the action In
the Macassar Straits disclosed
that eight heavy American Army
bombers sank a large Japanese
transport in the river at Balik
papan and scored a direct hit
on a cruiser outside of the har
bor. During this Attack, one of
our bombers was lost. In a
previous attack by our planes in
this action, one enemy trans
port was sunk and another set
afire, as reported on January 26.
3. There is nothing to report
from other areas.
Five Marine Officers
Named for Promofion
The Navy announced yesterday
the temporary promotion of five
high-ranking officers in the Marine
Corps. Including Brig. Gen. Ross E.
Rowell, commanding general of the
2d Marine Aircraft Wing, to major
general.
The following colonels were raised
to brigadier generals:
Harry L. Schmidt, executive officer
in the paymaster’s office; Harry K.
Pickett, commander of Marine forces
at the 14th Naval District: W. H
Repurtus. commanding general of
the Marine base at San Diego.
Calif.; and R. R. Wright, Marine
Corps paymaster.
Former Military Attache
To Berlin Recalled to Duty
Lt. Col. Truman Smith, retired, a
former military attache to Berlin,
today was ordered placed on active
duty, effective February 10. He was
assigned to the office of Gen. George
C. Marshall, chief of stall.
Col. Smith was retired last sum
mer on account of physical dis
ability following a long illness and
has been residing at his home in
Fairfield, Conn.
He was military attache in Ber
lin before outbreak of the war and
during the time that Charles A.
Lindbergh made his airplane inspec
tion tour in Germany.
Army orders today also detailed
Lt. Col. Leslie L. Connett to duty
as a member of the Military Police
Board of the Arlington (Va.> Can
tonment. He has been on temporary
duty in the office of the provost
marshal general In Washington.
Congressional Probers
Start Coal Region Tour
By the Associated Presa.
SHAMOKIN. Pa , Jan. 28—Pos
sibilities of bringing new business
to the anthracite region—hard hit
by unemployment in recent years—
attracted a special congressional
commission today to the heart of
Pennsylvania's hard coal fields.
Japanese Sea Losses
Thus Far Are Pul at
148 Ships and Subs
Most Are Naval Vessels;
2 Battleship Sinkings,
Damage to 2 Included
B> the Aiiodattd Press.
An unofficial compilation of ship
sinking claims of American, British,
Dutch and Australian naval and air
forces, and of Japanese admissions,
showed today that the Allies had
sunk or damaged 148 Japanese naval
and merchant ships and submarinas
since December 7.
Revision of the score is possible,
however, because of possible dupli
cation of claims by the Allies and
Inability of commanders of ships
and planes always to ascertain im
mediately the success of their blows.
Before the battle of Macassar
Strait began January 23, the un
official figures on Japanese maritime
losses were:
Naval ships sunk—57 <10 destroy
ers: 1 battleship: 2 cruisers: 33
transports; 1 subchaser; 1 gunboat;
4 minesweepers; 5 naval supply ships
and 1 naval sloop).
Naval ships damaged—26 <2 bat
tleships: 4 cruisers: 2 destroyers:
15 transports; 1 seaplane tender; 1
! minesweeper; 1 unidentified'.
Merchant ships sunk—19 '7
freighters: 4 unidentified; 1 schoon
er; 2 tankers; 3 heavy lighters; 1
passenger vessel which the Japanese
j said was a hospital ship; 2 17.000
! ton Yawata class passenger liner).
Merchant ships damaged—7 <2
tnakers; 1 freighter; 4 unidentified).
Submarines sunk—9
Total—118 '85 sunk; 33 damaged).
Since the battle of Macassar be
gan, the unofficial figures on Japa
nese losses in sinking or damage:
Warships—11 'including ship
tentatively identified as a battle
ship, sunk).
Transports—19.
Total at Macassar—30.
Total to date—148.
Valuable Papers Stolen
From Officer's Auto
Theft of “valuable Government
papers” from his automobile parked
in the 1000 block of Sixteenth street
! N.W., between 8 p.m. and midnight
last night, was reported to police
today by Col. Kenneth Buchanan,
U. S. A . 2727 Devonshire place N.W.
Col. Buchanan described the pa
pers as important and asked the
police to exert every effort to recover
them.
Congress in Brief
Senate:
Resumes debate on war powers
bill; may take up $12,555,000,000
supplemental defense bill.
Defense Investigating Committee
questions Donald Nelson on use of
dollar-a-year men.
Banking Committee hears Jesse
Jones. Federal Loan Administrator,
on War Insurance Corp.
Naval Committee hears testimony
on defense profits.
House:
Considers minor hills.
Military Committee studies Air
Corps officers promotion bill.
Weather Report
<Furnl*hed by the United State* Weather Bureau.)
District of Columbia—Light rain and snow mixed, ending early to
night; somewhat colder, fresh winds.
Virginia—Rain in southeast portion, rain or snow in north portion
early tonight; colder tonight.
Maryland—Rain on the coast, rain or snow in central portion and
snow in extreme west portion; slightly colder tonight.
_ ___
Report for Last 24 Hours.
Temperature.
Yesterday— Degrees.
4 pm. _*_ 41
8 D m _ 38
* Midnight _ 38
Today—
4 a m. _ 38
8 a m. _ 36
Noon _ _ 39
Rerord for Last 21 Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today.)
Highest. 41. at 4 pm. yesterday. Year
ago 35.
Lowest. 35. at 6:50 a m. today. Year
ago. 25.
Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest. 65. on January 18.
Lowest. 6. on January 11.
Humidity for Last 24 Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today.)
Highest, P6 per cent, at 7:30 a m. to
day.
Lowest. 82 per cent, at 1:30 p.m. yes
terday.
Tide Tables.
(Furnished by United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey.)
Today. T9morrow.
High_ V0P a m. 5:57 a m.
Low _11:51 am. 12.31 am.
High_ 6:31 p.m. 6:17 p.m.
Low_ 12:41 p.m.
The Sun and Moon.
Rises. Sets.
Sun. today _ 7:10 5:24
Sun. tomorrow_ 7:18 5:25
Moon, today 2:26 p m. 4:00 a.m.
Automobile lights must be turned on one
half hour after sunset.
River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivera cloud?
at Harpers Ferry. Potomac cloudy at Great
Falls.
Precipitation.
Monthly precipitation in inchea In tha
Capital icurrent month to dale':
Month. 1942. Average. Record
January _1.77 1 55 7.M 17
February .. 1.5: rt.M '84
March _ ... 1.75 8 84 91
April /_ _ 1.2: 9.11 89
May __ 1.70 10.69 89
June __ 4.11 3 0.94 ’00
July __ 4 7i 10.61 86
■ August __ 4 *H 14.41 ’28
September_ _ 1.24 17 45 *34
October __ 2 84 8.81 *37
November _ _ 2.17 8 69 '89
December __ ___ 1.32 7 56 ’01
Temperatures in Other Cities.
Tempera- Precipi
ture. tlon
Highest Lowest 24
24 hrs 12 hrs. hri., Ins.
AlbuQueroue. N. Mex 80 14
Atlanta, Ga __ 59 46 _
Boston. Mass_ 44 35 _
Buffalo. N Y. _ 34 29 ...
Chicago. Ill _ 17 11 _
Cleveland. Ohio _ 39 32 _
Denver. Colo _ 59 35 _
Detroit. Mich _ 38 31 _
Port Worth. Tex_ 65 37 _
Kansas City. Mo._ 50 25
Louisville, Ky _ 49 34 0 26
Memphis. Tenn__ 51 34 _
Miami. Fla _ 76 57
Mols.-St. Paul. Minn 34 23 _I.
I New Orleans. La 62 50 . _
New York. N. Y. _ 44 16 ...
! Philadelphia. Pa _40 15
Pittsburgh. Pa 51 17
St Louis. Mo 41 31
WASHINGTON, P C 41 15 0 14
DALE CARNEGIE
TRAININ6 WILL HELP YOU
WAYS TO
1. Think on your feet!
2. Develop courage and
self-confidence!
3. Increase your poise!
4. "Sell" yourself — your
services!
5. Win more friends!
6. Improve your memory!
7. Write more effective
letters!
8. Enrich your command of
English!
9. Read more worthwhile
books!
10. Become a leader!
11. Become a more enter
taining conversationalist!
12. Increase your income!
13. Inspire you with new
ideas!
14. Know intimately other
ambitious men and
women!
15. Develop your latent
powers!
Meeting Will Be
Pertonally Conducted by
Frank ("Pat") Patterson
. VISIT THE
NEW CLASS
THURSDAY
(Tomorrow Night)
HOTEL 2400
2400 16th ST. N.W.
DINNER: 7 P.M.,
CLASS: 8:15 P.M.
As a guest you pay only
for the dinner
PHONE WARFIELD 1421