Evening star. [volume], May 11, 1945, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Weather Forecast
Fair, cool, high near 58 today; occa*
atonal showers, warmer tomorrow.
Temperatures today—High, 66, at 1
pm.; low, 42, at 5:40 am. Yesterday—
High, 61, at 11:40 a.m.; low, 49, at 11:50
pm.
Late New York Markets, Page A-13
-1
Guide for Readers
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Editorial _A-6
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Obituary .A-8
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Woman's PageB-14
An Associated Press Newspaper
93d YEAR. No. 36,897. Phone NA. 5000.
WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, MAY 11, 1945—THIRTY-FOUR PAGES.
City Home Delivery, Dally end Sunday m /•'tT7'XTfT'C!
90c a Month. When B Sundays. $1.00. e> V^JCiJN 1 D
U.S. Program for Occupying Reich
Bares Plan to Curb Underground;
Eisenhower on 4-Power Council
f
America's Part in
Control Vested
In 12 Agencies
Bt tht Associated Press.
A special intelligence section
to detect and “ruthlessly” sup
press any Nazi underground ac
tivities will be part of the United
States Military Government in
the American occupation zone of
Germany.
This was disclosed today in a War
Department announcement of plans
for the United States group which
will form part of the Allied four
power control council for Germany.
The American unit will be divided
into 12 major divisions, correspond
ing generally to the ministries of the
German central government.
Gen. Eisenhower will be the Unit
ed States representative on the
council as agreed on at the Yalta
Big Three meeting.
Gen, Clay Military Governor.
Lt. Gen. Lucius Clay will serve as
deputy to Gen. Eisenhower and also
will be "deputy military governor
for Germany,” the department said,
without amplifying this latter refer
ence. Gen. Clay, a West Pointer,
was attached to the Office of War
Mobilization and Reconversion until
last month, when he was transferred
to supreme Allied headquarters.
The announcement said that
United States Army, Navy and Air
Forces had perfected over a period
of many months and in co-ordina
tion with the British, Russians and
French a "co-ordinated program to
impose a stem military government
over all of Germany and to carry
out the policies agreed upon at
Yalta.” It did not, however, offi- j
cially define the area of American
occupation.
The creation of the intelligence
section was a sample of this deci
sion for stem control.
Sharing of Responsibility.
Each of the 12 divisions will share
responsibility in purging all public
agencies and industries of Nazis,
but the over-all intelligence section,
“answerable directly to Gen. Clay,
w-ill maintain general supervision
over the entire denazification pro
gram,” the War Department said.
Ther. it added:
£ “This intelligence section will also
maintain surveillance over all Ger
man agencies and provide assurance
that activities by Nazi underground,:
‘Werewolves’ and the like will be
ruthlessly suppressed.”
Also directly under Gen. Clay will
be two other sections. Public Infor
mation and Public Relations. The
former section, the War Department
said, “will control all forms of pub
lic expression in Germany, includ
ing newspapers, radio, mazagines
and other publications and motion
pictures.” It likewise “will deal with
the dissolution of the propaganda
ministry of the notorious Goebbels
and the establishment of an un
biased and truthful press and radio
system.”
Ban on Publications.
OWI Director Elmer Davis yester
day announced that all foreign pub-1
lications, films and business enter
prises will be banned from Germany.
Public relations will be concerned
with issuing communiques, accredi
tation of correspondents and press
censorship. Regarding the latter,
the department said:
“Censorship in the American zone
will be solely on the basis of mili
tary security.”
The demobilization of German
armed forces and disarmament will
be attended to by three military
divisions—Army, naval and air.
A reparations, deliveries and resti
tution division will supervise carry
ing out in the American zone
policies agreed on in the control
council dealing with activities “sug
gested by its title,” the War De
partment said.
Great Tasks Ahead.
“Tremendous tasks lie ahead of
the economic division, which will
deal with such problems as food,
agriculture and forestry, fuel and
mining, price control and ration
ing,” the War Department declared.
"This division will see to it that
the Germans are forced to exert all
efforts to feed themselves, and also
to insure that the liberated United
Nations are given first consideration
on essential commodities.”
An internal affairs and communi
cations division will include among
other duties supervision of public
safety and control of civil police
forces. This unit, the announcement
said, ‘‘will concern itself with elimi
nation of the dreaded secret police.”
Other divisions will include:
Political—Dealing with foreign
affairs, domestic political matters,
protection of American interests in
Germany and reporting political in
telligence.
Transport—Regulation of traffic
movement, supervision of rail, high
way and inland water transporta
tion and port and coastal opera
tions.
Prisoners of war and displaced
persons—“Millions of citizens of the
United Nations have been held
prisoner in Germany” and these
must all be cared for and repatri
ated speedily.
Manpower—Charged with dis
solving the “notorious Nazi labor
front and laying the groundwork for
the normal growth of democratic
labor organiaztions and practices.”
Legal—Jurisdiction over prosecu
tion of war criminals and the exer
cise of “proper control over Allied
military courts, German ordinary
and military courts, and prisons.”
(Associate Justice Jackson of the
Supreme Court was selected Dy
President Truman last week as this
country’s chief prosecutor of those
whose offenses in Europe have been
so widespread they have "no partic
ular localization.” The War Depart
ment announcement today made no
mention of Justice Jackson or his
relation to the legal division of the
military government setup.)
Japs' Inland Sea, Key Harbors
'Polluted' With Mines by B-29s
Greatest Aerial Blockade in History
Being Carried Out, Gen. Le May Says
Et the Associated Press.
GUAM, May 11.—Super Fort
resses, carrying out the largest
aerial mining blockade in his
tory, have “polluted" Japan’s In
land Sea and the Tokyo and Na
goya harbors with high explo
sives, Maj. Gen. Curtis E. LeMay
announced today.
The 21st Bomber Command chief
said nearly a dozen aerial mining
missions had been carried out by
the Super Forts, each equipped with
approximately 10 tons of mines.
Brig. Gen. John H. Davies, Pied
mont, Calif., commands the Tinian
based B-29s mining the enemy
waters.
Operations have not been confined
to the areas mentioned today. Mines
have been dropped in all major ports
of Japan, and particularly in Shi
monoseki Strait between Kyushu
and Honshu Islands.
Gen. Davies personally led the
first mission March 27 in the open
ing of the first attempt in military
history to impose a complete mine
blockade on a maritime nation.
The objective of the mine-laying
campaign is to supplement the
thunderous step-up in bombing of
Japan's homeland Islands by other
Super Forts. aCrrying out of both
operations can aid in destruction
of Japan’s productive power.
It is estimated 75 per cent of all
Japanese transportation is water
borne.
Mines also were strewn in stra
tegic areas to support the invasion
of Okinawa.
All missions were flown at night,
generally under 10,000 feet altitude.
Parachutes from 6 to 9 feet in
diameter were automatically re
leased from the Navy-made mines
on contact with the water. Gen.
Lemay explained that an aerial
mining campaign must be main
tained to be successful. Aerial mines
used to sink to the bottom. They
explode when a ship comes near
enough to active firing mechanism,
and contact is not necessary.
The mine blockade, however, re
mains effective only as long as it
takes for the Japanese to clear a
channel through fields.
“Thus, while the Inland Sea is
polluted with mines and Tokyo and
Nagoya harbors are filled with mis
siles, the 21st Bomber Command
must be constantly alert to keep
“Tsee”SUPERTFORfsTPage A-5T”
Goering and Hess
Reported Put on List
Of War Criminals
Doenitz Also Expected
To Be Tried for Life;
Himmler Still Fugitive
GAULEITER HENLEIN commits
suicide after surrender. Page A-2
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, May 11. —Rudolf
Hess, Hermann Goering and
Heinrich Himmler all have been
listed by the United Nations as
war criminals and there also is
strong possibility that Grand
Admiral Karl Doenitz will have
to face trial for his life.
The information about the rank
ing luminaries of the fallen Nazi
hierarchy and Hitler's successor in
the surrendered Reich came today
from a highly reliable source.
This informant estimated that be
tween 4,000,000 and 6,000,000 Ger
mans might be forced to atone for
their nation's atrocities if the pro
posed plan of pool punishment is j
adopted by the victorious powers.
Hess and Goering both are prison- :
ers and both were Hitler deputies.
Himmler, the hangman head of the!
Gestapo, is a fugitive.
Machinery to Be Set Up.
The machinery for determining i
the guilt or innocence of the top
ranking Nazis awaits creation by the
United States, Russian, Britain and
France.
The issue was referred, to their
foreign secretaries for working out
details.
These facts were learned, however:
1. Trials under present plans will
be public, on the theory that these
will prove that best lesson possible
to convince the German people of
their errors.
2. Neutral nations will be denied
a place on the bench.
3. Strong sentiment exists for the
trial of industrialists who used slave
labor, as well as those who formu
lated the policies which made such
conscription of foreigners possible.
Russia Not Included.
The War Crimes Commission has
headquarters here and has 16 mem
bers. Russia is not one of them.
The commission has the power only
to make recommendations which
must be submitted to the govern
ments of the members for approval.
It was established definitely that
the commission regards as war crim
inals all those who decreed, directed
or participated in the policies which
resulted in planned undernourish
ment, slave labor, concentration
camps and organized prostitution.
Out of this strong feeling pre
sumably was born the plan advanced
at San Francisco by Samuel Rosen
(See WAR CRIMES, Page A-12.)
Army Will Discharge
2,500 Men Tomorrow
Under Point Plan
17 Separation Centers
To Release Group Brought
Home Under Rotation
The Army will begin discharg
ing men under the point system
tomorrow at 17 of the 22 separa
tion centers and approximately
2,500 soldiers will receive their
discharge papers the first day,
the War Department announced
today.
The men,.first to be released under
the new discharge plan announced
yesterday, will be drawn from sol
diers with long overseas service who
had been brought back to the United
States under the rotation system
prior to the end of the war in Eu
rope for rest and recuperation.
Soldiers from all theaters are in
cluded in the group.
Fort George G. Meade, Md„ the
separation center for District of
Columbia, Maryland and Virginia
and West Virginia, was not among
the 17 centers listed today as in
operation. This center will be
opened in the next week or so.
The separation centers now oper
ating are Camp Atterbury, Ind.;
Camp Beale. Calif.; Fort Bliss.
Tex.; Fort Bragg, N. C.; Camp
Chaffee, Ark.; Fort Devens. Mass.;
Fort Dix, N. J.; Fort Douglas, Utah;
Jefferson Barracks, Mo.; Fort
Leavenworth, Kans.; Fort Logan,
Colo.; Fort Lewis, Wash.; Fort Sam
Houston, Tex.; Fort McPherson,
Ga.; Camp Shelby, Miss.; Fort
Sheridan, 111.; Fort Snelling, Minn.
Soldiers Protest Exclusion
Of Age as Discharge Credit
PARIS, May .11 (JP).—American
troops in Paris—and probably all
over Europe—were busy with pen
cils today, figuring out their indi
vidual standings in the new going
home point system announced yes
terday by the War Department.
Under the system for troops in
the European theater, men sched
uled to go home first—unless special
abilities prevent their being imme
diately replaced—are those who
have amassed a total of 85 points
based on length of service, months
overseas, number of dependent chil
dren, battle stars and decorations.
In a random survey on soldier
opinion in Paris, two main objec
tions to the system were encoun
tered: That a man’s age and the
number of his dependents other
than children do not count.
In most cases it will be the
younger men who will go home first,
because their combat ratings are
generally higher than men who
(See DEMOBILIZATION, Pg. A-13)
No. 1 D. C. Man in Draft Lottery
Rates High for Early Discharge
The District’s No. 1 man in the
draft, Sergt. Robert Bell, is high up
on the list for discharge under the
Army’s point system.
By the count of his mother, Mrs.
Harry S. Bell, whose scream punc
tuated the first draft lottery back in
1940, the 26-year-old sergeant has
at least 104 points—a comfortable
margin above the 85 points needed
for discharge.
The only factor in the way of his
discharge is “military necessity.”
He’s in the Chemical Warfare Serv
ice and the Army could rule that he
is needed in the war against Japan.
Mrs. Bell, who has been so busy
entertaining a wounded soldier’s
family that she’s hanjly had time to
put pencil to paper, figures it out this
way:
Sergt. Bell, whose No. 158 was the
first to be drawn out of the goldfish
bowl, went into the Army for a
year’s training on November 27,1940.
A year later, he became a private
citizen. But one moijth after that,
on December 27, 1941, the men who
had been trained in the peacetime
army were called back In again.
That is four years and five months,
or 53 points, for Sergt. Bell.
He’s been overseas since May,
1943, with the 45th Division. That’s
24 points more.
He has one child, Bobby, now 3
years old. That is 12 points more.
Then in combat awards, the ser
geant has been wounded three
times—the Purple Heart, with two
clusters. That is 15 points, for a
total of 104 points.
What the family doesn't know
about are the other decorations
Sergt. Bell may have accumulated,
each of whifih would be good for
five points more. And then there
are the battle participation stars.
Sergt. Bell has seen service in
Africa, Sicily, Italy, Southern
France and Germany. The fam
ily isn’t sure how many stars he
is entitled to wear on his cam
paign ribbons.
Mr. and Mrs. Bell, who live at 618
Rock Creek Church road N.W., also
have a boy in the Pacific, Seaman
1/c George C. Bell. •
Reds Closing In
On Last Nazis in
Czechoslovakia
Germans Flee Toward
II. S. Lines; Enemy's
Subs Surrendering
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, May 11. — Die-hard
Nazi fanatics who fought on in
Czechoslovakia in defiance of
German unconditional surrender
were reported in headlong flight
toward American lines today as
a vast pincers by three Soviet
armies threatened momentarily
•o envelop them.
The 1st, 2d and 4th Ukrainian
Armies opened the assault on broad
fronts from the northwest, east and
southeast when forces under Field
Marshal Ferdinand Schoerner, him
self wanted as a war criminal, and
Col. Gen. Woehler, ignored the sur
render.
It was the only reported fighting
by German troops in all Europe.:
Elsewhere the Germans were giv
ing up docilely. The Soviet high
command announced capture of
209,060 German officers and men in
preliminary checkups along the
front. There were 26 Nazi generals
in the bag.
Nazi Vessels Taken Over,
Remnants of the beaten German
surface and underwater fleet were in
Allied hands, including the cruisers
Prinz Eugen and Nuernberg, which
had shelled Copenhagen over the
week end. These were under the
sentinel guns of the Royal Navy in
Copenhagen Harbor, along with
3 destroyers, 2 torpedo boats, 10!
minesweepers, 13 flak ships, 19
armed trawlers and 2 armed mer
chantmen.
The German ships surrendered [
to two British cruisers and four j
destroyers which forced a passage
through German minefields in the j
Attempt at Suicide
By German Angers
U. S. Medical Officer
Ey the Associated Press.
PILSEN, Czechoslovakia, May
11.—American medical officers,
German doctors and nurses at
tended today the wounds and
injuries of thousands of Ger
man troops and civilians gath
ered in large field hospital tents
near here.
In one tent Maj. George S.
Porter, Dallas, Tex., scolded a
German soldier who tried to
slash his throat.
Maj. Porter said it was in
considerate to burden the med
ical organization with a suicide
attempt. The soldier meekly
agreed.
Skagerrak and Kattegat to reach
Copenhagen. “Not a Nazi flag was
to be seen,” a British naval reporter
said. “The crews were leaning over
the guard rails watching glumly. It
was clear they were beaten as
thoroughly as the rest of the her
renvolk.”
The Prinz Eugen's guns were in
wild disorder—some pointed up,
others down, some trained one way,
the rest another.
Meanwhile, Grand Admiral Karl
Doenitz’s submarine fleet which had
taken a ruthless toll of Allied ship
ping, was surrendering and putting
into British ports. The first sur
render in a British port occurred in
Southern England at Weymouth,
where the submersible U-249, which
had been at sea 40 days, surfaced
and was escorted into port.
Others Surrender.
The London Evening News re
ported that two more U-boats had
surrendered in Lock Eriboll on the
extreme northern coast of Scotland
and said the 10-mile long fjord had
seen selected as the rendezvous point
for submarines coming in from the
North Sea. The paper said 14 other
U-boats had signalled they were on
their way in.
The French Press Agency mean
while reported that French sailors
in the large port of La Rochelle,
which surrendered Wednesday, had
officially taken over possession of
the German Atlantic Fleet that had
been anchored in the harbor. These
ships were said to have been placed
at France’s disposal, but it was not
announced how many vessels had
been seized.
Following the surrender of the
fleet in Copenhagen, the Swedes
announced that the Swedish Navy
would begin sweeping German mines
from the Skagerrak and Kattegat to
open Sweden’s door to the North
Sea. The task is expected to take
100 ships two weeks.
Off France’s northwestern coast,
a British task force liberated the
Channel islands, including Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm
and Jethou.
Owned by British Since 1066.
These tiny islands, on France’s
doorstep, have belonged to England
since 1066. They are the only part
of the United Kingdom to have been
occupied by the Nazis. The islands
were liberated at 7:15 a.m. (London
time) Wednesday when the Nazis
signed unconditional surrender pa
pers on the quarterdeck of the Brit
ish destroyer Bulldog lying at an
chor off St. Peter, the port of Guern
sey.
The Nazis put on a show of ob
stinacy—at first attempting to sign
an '•armistice” instead of complete
surrender—but finally were con
(See CZECHOSLOVAKIA, Pg. A-4.)
Hr r«E JAPANESE
am CABINET AUTHORIZES W
ME TO SAY THAT THE
^ GERMAN SURRENDER j
£*l MAKES NO CHANGES Jbg
\ lN OUR WAR
|^\OBJECTIVES!/
Big U. S. Offensive
Against Okinawa's
Capital Shaping Up
6th Marine Division
Crosses River, Moves
Within Mile of Naha
By the Associated Press.
GUAM. May 11—A determined
American offensive against Naha,
Okinawa’s capital city, was
shaping up today after the 6th
Marine Division, newly com
mitted to the island’s southern j
front, bridged the Asa River es
tuary despite efforts of two
Japanese human bombs to blow
up the span.
Still another wide, winding river— j
the Asato—stands before Naha as a
natural barrier to American troops, j
Maj. Gen. Lemuel C. Shepherd, jr.’s
6th Marine Division, the third fresh
division thrown into the craggy,
cave-infested southern front in a
week, forced the crossing of the Asa
in darkness early yesterday. The
6th Division was slightly less thah
a mile from Naha.
Two Japanese attempted to blow
up the span by covering themselves
with explosives and detonating the
charges as they plunged onto the
bridge. Their act served only to
damage the span and delay the
crossing.
Limited Gains Made.
Elsewhere along the southern
front, Marines and Doughboys made
"limited gains” yesterday. Admiral
Chester W. Nimltz’s communique
reported today. He announced these
other developments:
Japanese casualties through Wed
nesday total 38,857 killed, an in
crease of 2,322 in two days’ fighting.
American casualties through Mon
day were 16,425, including 2,684 dead,
in ground fighting.
Sixty-nine Japanese were killed
on Iwa Jlma in the week of April
29-May 5 and 97 captured, for total
casualties of 23,244 killed and 1,038
captured. Iwa was invaded Febru
ary 19 and secured March 16.
A light naval force evacuated 494
Marshallese natives from Jaluit
Atoll in the Marshall Islands in a
daring rescue effected while Jap
anese counterattacked with machine
guns and other light Weapons. The
natives, who presumably had slipped
out a messenger with word they
wanted to be freed, were taken to
_’_
Four additional men from
the District area have been re
ported killed in this war. See
"On the Honor Roll," Page A-2.
(See OKINAWA, Page A-5.)
Poles to Begin Settling
In Frankfurt Shortly
By the Associated Press.
The first group of Poles to be set
tled in Frankfurt-on-the-Oder will
leave the Polish city of Lodz within
a few days, the Lublin radio an
nounced today.
The first group of more than 1,000
Poles "will assume posts in the ad
ministration of local government,
commerce, industry, handicrafts
and communications,” it said. The
move was reported undertaken “in
connection with the, resettlement of
people in ancient Slav land that
now return to the mother country.”
Frankfurt has been a German city.
The Lublin radio is operated by
the Soviet-recognized Polish regime.
OWI reported the broadcast.
B-29s Hammer Japan
3 limes in One Day
By the Associated Press.
GUAM, May 11.—Super Fortresses
bombed Japan’s homeland three
times today, striking at three indus
trial centers and three airfields on
Kyushu and Honshu Islands in a
swift followup to yesterday’s 400
plane B-29 raid.
In the heaviest attack 100 to 150
Super Fortresses attacked the big
Kawanishi seaplane plant on
Honshu, between Kobe and Osaka
as a smaller fleet blasted the Oita
and Saiki airfields on Kyushu.
The latest attack was aimed at
the important cities of Miyakanojo
and Nittigahara, both on Kyushu,
and at the Miyaksaki airfield. Ky
ushu airfields, home bases of enemy
planes used in Okinawa fighting,
have been pounded time after time
by the big bombers.
OP A Fixes 1942 Price Levels
For Goods Returning to Market
Bowles Says Controls Will Be Relaxed
When Danger of Inflation Disappears
By JAMES Y. NEWTON.
Most peacetime goods return
ing to the market will sell at
1942 retail prices, Price Adminis
trator Bowles said today as he
announced a reconversion price
policy designed to “smother the
fires of inflation” under an “ava
lanche of civilian goods and
services.”
Mr. Bowles outlined new price
procedure at a press conference fol
lowing announcement by the War
Labor Board that it would maintain
the current high level of wages
through the reconversion period,
protecting the economy against
effects of lower pay as well as in
fiationary trends.
Today’s higher cost of materials ;
and labor to manufacturers will not
generally be reflected In prices of |
consumer goods, Mr. Bowles de
clared. He explained that increased :
costs will be offset by huge volume
production, increased manufacturing!
efficiency and some absorption of j
costs in trade distributive channels!
8th Air Force Lists
43,742 U. S. Flyers
Killed or Missing
Bj the Associated Press.
LONDON, May 11. — The
United States 8th Air Force to
day listed 43.742 fighter pilots
and bomber crewmen as killed
or missing in action in the war
in Europe.
The seriously injured were
numbered at 1,923.
Bombers lost in action totaled
4,456.
Changes in Gas Rations
To Wait Quarterly Quota
Any changes in basic gasoline ra
tions for A and B book holders
must await third-quarter alloca
tions from the Petroleum Adminis
tration for War, Price Administrator
Chester Bowles reported today.
Accordingly, he said, the OPA
cannot yet make any announce
ment on increases in gasoline ra-1
tions, promised by War Mobiliza
tion Director Fred Vinson Wed
nesday.
Mr. Bowles estimated that it
would require another 45,000 barrels
a day to increase the 4-gallon A
ration coupon to five gallons and
80,000 barrels more, if the ration is
to be increased to six gallons per
coupon.
Allies Appoint Official
Who Subdued Revolt
E'y tfce Associated Press.
MUNICH, May 11.—Hans Ritter
von Seisser, chief of police of
Munich from 1919 to 1930, who put
down the Buergerbrau revolt led by
Adolf Hitler in 1923, was named
Munich’s commissioner of police
yesterday by the Allied Military
Government of that city, headed by
Lt. Col. Ralph Hubbard, jr., of Pasa
dena, Calif.
He is the seventh anti-Nazi ap
pointed to a high administrative
post in Munich since its occupation
by the Allied troops.
made possible largely by small sales
costs.
Mr. Bowles said OPA’s reconver
sion policies must meet four major
objectives:
1. The continued prevention of in
flation, the danger of which he said
was greater now than at any time
during this war or at the end of the
World War.
2. The fixing of prices so that
they will encourage full production
rather than stand in the way of in
dustry, eagerly waiting to resume
normal operations.
3. The encouragement of full em
ployment.
4. The relaxation of price con
trols gradually “as soon as inflation
ary danger disappears in each com
modity field.”
The price administrator said re
sumption of volume civilian produc
tion presented four major problems
to OPA. These are how to price
products a manufacturer made be
fore the war and which other plants
have continued to produce during
(See PRICES, Page A-4.)
Small Nations Seek
Greater Authority
On Force in Charter
Big Five Appear Near
Accord on Trusteeships;
Two New Plans Offered
YALTA FORMULA on Poland seen
facing discard. Page A-3
By JOHN RL HIGHTOWER,
Associated Press Staff Writer
SAN FRANCISCO, May 11.—
The United Nations Conference
appeared today to be developing
a strong bloc of small nations
determined to win themselves
greater authority over the pro
posed use of force to prevent fu
ture wars.
The issue is coming sharply to
the fore in conference committees
considering amendments to the
Dumbarton Oaks plan for world
peace organization as it was drawn
up by Britain, China, Russia and
the United States in Washington
last fall. He^e are current top de
velopments:
1. Prime Minister Mackenzie King
of Canada told a Committee on
Functions of the Security Council,
which is the exclusive, powerful
core of the proposed organization,
that any nation whose troops were
to be used against an aggressor
should be permitted a voice in the
council’s decision to take forceful
action. Mexico and New Zealand
indorsed this idea and Australia
and several others are backing the
principle.
Wider Assembly Authority Sought.
2. New Zealand suggested that the
proposed world assembly of nations
—to which the Dumbarton Oaks
plan would assign little authority
should have the right to approve or
reject any security council action.
(See SECURITY, Page A-3.)
Mrs. Truman, 92, Flying Here
For Mother's Day With Son
By the Associated Press.
The White House bustled with
preparation today for the arrival of
President Truman's mother.
Mrs. Martha Truman, alert and
cheerful for all her 92 years, is fly
ing here from Independence, Mo.,
to spend Mother’s Day with-' <tter
distinguished son.
She left Kansas City this morn
ing and will arrive this afternoon.
The White House said the President
would go to the airport to meet her.
Acting Press Secretary Eben Ayers
told reporters that the trip is Mrs.
Truman’s first flight. She is being
accompanied by her daughter Mary
and Capt. James K. Vardaman, jr.,
the President’s naval aide.
• Mr. Ayers said that no deflnite
time had been set as to the length
of Mrs. Truman’s visit other than
that she would remain over Moth
ers’ Day.
They will add their prayers to
those of millions of other Ameri
cans Sunday in thanksgiving for
victory in Europe and in hope for
early peace in the Pacific.
By solemn proclamation, Mr.
Truman set aside Sunday as a day
of prayer when he announced com
plete and unconditional surrender
of Germany last Tuesday.
He said it was appropriate that
such an occasion fall on Mother’s
Day in honor of those who have
given so much to the cause of
freedom.
Subsequently, he arranged for his
own mother to fly here for their
first meeting since Mr. Truman
took over the Nation’s leadership
April 12.
Mr. Truman calls his mother
“Mamma” and beams happily when
she tells him to “be good” or re
minds friends he once plowed the
straightest row of any farm boy
in Missouri.
Truman Favors
Tax Relief Plan,
George Says
Five-Point Program
Is Discussed at
White House Parley
By J. A. O’LEARY.
Presidential support for the
five-point tax program an
nounced last night at the Capi
tol to help business meet recon
version problems was reported
by congressional tax leaders to
day after a conference with
President Truman. 1
Chairman George of the Senate
Finance Committee and Chairman
Doughton of the House Ways and
Means Committee discussed the
program with the President and
Senator George said later that Mr.
Truman concurred in the five-point
revision plan.
Meanwhile, congressional experts
estimated that the cash position of
the American business concerns to
meet the problems of reconversion
may be improved to the extent of
$5,700,000,000 during the next few
years by the program.
This estimate does not mean that
the tax liabilities of business under
existing law are being reduced by
that amount, but that business
would have the use during the next
year or two of refunds and other
benefits that the present tax law
would give them in later years.
Big Help to Small Business.
Small business would benefit par
ticularly from a proposed increase
in the excess profits tax exemption
from $10,000 to $25,000. The other
four points do not change tax rates,
but merely speed up various postwar
credits in the present war.
Announced jointly by Chairman
Doughton, Chairman George and
Secretary of the Treasury Morgen
thau, the program provides for:
1. Raising the excess profits tax
exemption from $10,000 to $25,000,
effective with the beginning of the
1946 tax year.
2. Giving business the immediate
benefit of the 10 per cent postwar
excess profits tax credit, by applying
lit to 1944 taxes now being paid.
This, in effect, would mean fixing
the excess profits tax rate at 85 per
cent, instead of collecting up to 95
per cent now, and giving a 10 per
cent refund after the war.
Postwar Refunds Bonds.
3. Advance to January 1, 1946, the
maturity date of outstanding excess
profits postwar refund bonds. These
are the bonds that have been is
sued to show the 10 per cent post
war tax credit allowed to business
concerns by the existing law.
4. Speedup refunds resulting from
carry-backs of net operating losses
and of unused excess profits credits.
5. Expedite refunds resulting from
the recomputation of deductions for
amortization of emergency facilities.
Representative Reed, Republican,
of New York, a member of the Ways
and Means Committee, lost no time
today in indicating that the minor
ity may seek to give business a
greater measure of immediate re
lief.
“Not Realistic Enough.”
Declaring the five-point program
is "not realistic enough,”' Mr. Reed
pointed out that he has a bill pend
ing to bring the excess profits tax
rate down to 60 per cent instead of
stopping at 85 per cent. He ex
pressed fear that unless more is
done now than proposed in the ad
ministration program “there will be
5,000,000 unemployed walking the
streets,” as war industry begins to
taper off.
No serious opposition is expected
to these emergency adjustments,
in the five-point plan, which do
not affect income taxpayers gen
erally. Later in the summer,
however, congressional tax experts
will turn their attention to a
more general revision of the tax
structure. Present indications are
that at that time congressional and
administration leaders may dis
agree on the extent to which income
taxes should be reduced pending the
defeat of Japan.
Up to Ways-Means Group.
Tax bills must originate in the
House, and if the Ways and Means
Committee succeeds in disposing of
the reciprocal trade agreement ex
tension bill early next week, it
probably will turn immediately to
the five-point business tax program.
Representative Doughton and
Senator George explained the pur
pose of the changes in the following
statement:
"The proposed changes would im
prove the cash position of business
during the period of reconversion to
peacetime production. Only the in
crease in the specific exemption
would reduce ultimate tax liabilities.
"The increase in the specific ex
emption, in addition to improving
the cash position of corporations
during the reconversion period,
would relieve small corporations
from the burden of the excess profits
tax.
“The committee finds that Fed
eral expenditures can be expected
to remain at a high level at least
until after the defeat of Japan and
that the need for revenue will not
be lessened during this period.”
Leftist Editor's Arrest
Protested in Italy
By the Associated Press.
ROME, May 11.—The Allied arrest
of Carlo Andreoni, editor of the
extreme left wing weekly Partisan,
provoked protests today in some
Italian newspapers.
Partisan was suspended several
weeks ago for breaching military
censorship.
•
A new shipment of colored
reproductions of AP Photog
rapher Rosenthal’s Iwo Jima
flag-raising picture has been
received by The Star. They
will be available for distri
bution in the business office
lobby at 10 cents each. The
gross proceeds will go to the
Navy Relief Society.