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The Great Game of Politics Three Groups Lining Up to Oppose Compulsory Training Bill, Says Writer By Frank R. Kent Apparently, the compulsory peace time military training proposal for young men in this country is going to meet in Congress the same kind erf o p p o s i tion that twice met— and twice defeated — the work or fight bill, first in 1944 and again early this year. Measures such as these, which involve some sort of discipline in the national interests, invari ably are opposed by the same ele ments. They can be put through Frank E. KMit. without much dissent at the out break of war or when the war situation looks bad. But the mo ment the danger lifts, the difficul ties begin. Antagonism becomes both strong and bitter, and is ameliorated by neither argument nor appeals. Usually the opposition can be divided into three groups: 1. Men like Senator Taft, Mr. Norman Thomas and others who honestly think and believe the pro posals unsound. 2. Special labor and business groups, which fear they may lose some advantage and which always put their own selfish interests first. 3. Political demagogues who think that votes may be gained by lining up against the proposals. Hard to Beat. A combination of this kind in House or Senate is exceedingly formidable. It transcends party lines and is not amendable to ordi nary political leadership or loyalties. The work or fight bill was a perfect example of this. The Sec retaries of War and Navy, Gen Marshall and Admiral King, all other important military and naval authorities, and the then President, Mr. Roosevelt, united in strongly urging its enactment as the surest way of shortening the war and sav ing American lives. And they were entirely right. The arguments supporting their contention seemed overwhelming and it appeared almost unthinkable that the unanimous judgment of the men responsible for the conduct of the war should be rejected. Yet that is exactly what happened. Mr. Roosevelt, appealing as Commander in Chief, wras unable to keep his own “close friends" in line. The blantant Mr. Hillman, with his PAC and his colleague, Mr Philip Murray of the CIO, who a thousand times had voiced their hundred per cent support of the President, left little undone to scut tle the bill. And they took along with them Senator Claude Pepper, who with Mr. Henry Wallace (com pletely inactive during the fight) last week in New York delivered such extravagant eulogies of Mr. Roosevelt that it would seem out rageous to suggest that either had ever failed him. There were others, of course, but it did appear that the men who now mourn in public, as few have mourn ed before, might have stood by him when he pleaded as he did then. Curiously, it was opponents of Mr. Roosevelt — for example, Senator! Byrd of Virginia—who supported; him in that—practically his last—; fight, instead of his aides, proteges and friends. And now it looks as though an . other struggle of the same charac ter is on. The Army, Navy and State Department unitedly urge the enactment of a peacetime military training bill. The President is known to be wholeheartedly in favor of it. Many organizations of both men and women have declared for it. Facts Stand Out. The obvious folly of reverting to the complete state of unprepared ness in which we were caught at the outbreak of the first as well as the second World War. calls for it. The fact that hopes have diminished that out of San Francisco there will emerge an international collective security organization which will be a sure guarantee of permanent peace argues for it. So do certain acts in volving what seems to be a calcu lated disregard of agreements which have taken place in Europe in the last few months. One does not have to take the rather absurd anti Russian suggestions seriously to agree about that. In addition, there is the clarity with which the facts stand out— first that, regardless of the San Francisco Conference, if we disarm we will stand alone in an armed W'orld; second, that keeping our selves militarily fit is the surest way of averting war. Notwithstanding all this, much the same kind of opposition is aris ing as that which blocked the work and fight law. Besides the honest and convinced opponents who take a national view, there are the special Watergate Tickets Go on Sale Today Music lovers who want single tickets for the opening Water Gate concert by the National Symphony Orchestra, next Sunday, had their opportunity today. The tickets went on sale at the symphony box office at Kitt’s Music Store, 1330 G street N.W. Walter Prendergast, chairman of the Summer Concerts Committee, announced that the price of in dividual tickets has been reduced so that best seats may be obtained for *1.80, compared with a *2.40 price last year. Other reserved seats cost *1.20, with unreserved seats costing 60 and 90 cents. Unreserved seat tickets may be had in strips of five for $2.50 or $3.75 at the box office, thus reducing the price still further. The tickets are good at all regular and special concerts. Conductor Hans Kindler has an nounced that the opening Water Gate concert will be played "in grati tude for victory in Europe and in hope of speedy and final victory in Asia." Beethoven’s Fifth or "Vic tory” Symphony will be performed, as will other works representative of the United Nations. Carl Sand burg will act as narrator in Aaron Copland's “A Lincoln Portrait.” Brakes Belined OLDS BUICK PONTIAC Trt* Aifuitmentt. Pn0lieat* D. C. Tettint Maehint. Brake ut. earn interests—educational, labor and po litical—which look at it from the narrow angle of their own particu lar fields. And there are the inevitable dem agogues who believe that after the war the voters, generally, will be hostile to any sort of conscription. Probably they are right, but that does not lessen the merits of the proposal. At any rate, it is clear that it will need much more than perfunctory support for the Presi dent to put the proposal through. It is encouraging that his friends believe he will give it much more than that. Answers to Questions A reader can get the answer to any Question of fact by writing The Eve ning Star Information Bureau 316 I street N E . Washington 2. D. C. Please inclose 3 cents for return postage. By THE HASKIN SERVICE. Q. Is Igor Stravinsky a lawyer as well as a musician?—W. B. G. A. Stravinsky studied law at the University of St. Petersburg and in tended it to be his career. It was upon the advice of Rimsky-Korsa koff that he abandoned law for music. Q. What is the greatest distance from the sea of any place in Eu rope?—M. G. D. A. No section of the continent outside of Russia lies more than 400 miles from the sea. Q. During what period did the population of the United States in crease most rapidly?—E. L. H. A. The country's most rapid popu lation growth took place between the censuses of 1800 and 1810 when the rate of increase was 36.4 per cent. Q. Some time ago it was stated that one tranfusion of blood plasma was needed for every five men wounded. Is this proportion still correct?—M. C. R. A. Actual battle experience in Eu rope has shown that one transfusion is needed for every two men w'ounded. Q. How fur back do the records of the General Land Office go?— M. D A. A. Some of the records date as far back at 1787. Q. What is the speed of a "crash dive” by a submarine?—?. E. R. A. The time for submergence in a "crash dive” is about a minute. Q. What unit of the United States Army joined the Russian forces in the German city of Torgau?—G. A. Z. A. It was the 69th Infantry Divi sion. Q. Are certain units of the Army made up of enlisted men only and others of men who were drafted?— L. D. J. A. The War Department says that at the present time any organization of the Army may be, and frequently is composed of men who have en tered the Army in various ways. It may consist of enlisted men of the Regular Army, former members of the National Guard, voluntarily en listed and inducted men, and drafted men. Q. What is the size of the most destructive bomb used by the Allies? —M. R. A. A. The Volcano, designed by the British, is considered the most de structive. It is 305 inches long and 40 inches thick and weighs 11 tons. In its nose are about 11,000 pounds of explosive. Q How many persons became mil lionaires during the period of the First World War?—K. McB. A. The number of new American millionaires in November, 1918, was estimated to be 21,000. Q. Is there such a thing as rain insurance?—E. L. H. A. Yes. Rain insurance provides insurance against loss of income or incurred expenses as a result of rain, hail, snow or sleet. Q. Who was the first woman to be a newspaper editor?—P. F. R. A. Ann Franklin, sister-in-law of Benjamin Franklin, became editor of the Newport (R. I.) Mercury on August 22. 1762, upon the death of her son. This is the first instance on record in the United States of a woman holding this position. Q. Why is it that a soldier who uses his second or third name in civilian life is called by his first name when he enters the Army?— F. B. B. A. This is done because the Army regulations require that a soldier’s first name be used in the Army. Q. Is there a military rule govern ing the length of time a soldier must remain overseas on a second assign ment?—J. B. S. A. The War Department says there is no limit on the amount of over sea service which may be required of a serviceman during the war. Q. What is the salary of the Em peror of Japan?—L. L. E. A. The Emperor receives a fixed grant equivalent to about $1,125,000 yearly. In addition he has income from vast investments in the form of office buildings, hotels and other property. Q. What are the ages of President Truman, Wmston Churchill and Stalin?—N. N. D. A. President Truman is 61 Churchill is 70 and Stalin 66 years of age. Petain Says He Sought Armistice as Only Way To Preserve France By the Associated Press. PARIS. June 11.—Marshal Petain said today he had asked an armistice as "the only way to preserve Prance.” He told a commission, questioning him in prelude to his trial, that the action "prevented Prance from becoming another Poland.” Asked at the final preliminary interrogation before his trial why he requested an armistice, Petain answered: "It was the only way to preserve Prance. I believe more than ever | that the armistice has been a sav | iour. It assured the liberty of hundreds of thousands of soldiers who would have been prisoners. It enabled the existence of a free zone, preserved * the integrity of the French empire and favored a land ing of the Anglo-Saxons. “It also secured the existence of a French government authority which has been able to protect France. The armistice has pre vented France from becoming another Poland.” In answer to a question whether the armistice was in keeping with French obligations to Great Britain that no separate peace be made, Pe tain replied that Prime Minister Churchill told him at Tours on June 10, 1940, that "England would not abandon an unhappy ally, even if she asks for peace.” "I demanded an armistice, not a peace,” Petain said. In statements read at the ques tioning by four members of the commission. Petain asserted that he always had favored the resistance movement. “Placed at the head of a nation under enemy occupation. I was bound to give apparent satisfaction to the occupants while the Allies prepared for victory,” one statement said, “as Mr. Laval was imposed upon me by the Germans. I made use of him to calm them down. This allowed me to dissimulate the real orientations of my polities. “Concerning the Aliies. I granted them the most substantial satisfac tions, which is proved by the atti tude of men representing me, men like Weygand, Darlan. (Gen Al phonse) Juin. (Vice Admiral Ray mond A.) Fenard and others. "The politics of an occupied coun try are forced to be double. I tol erated Laval as a necessary conces sion to the politics forced upon me by the occupation. Playing this part which he ignored himself, Laval was not without utility for France.” Pilot Bags Three Japs Without Using Guns Br the Associated Press. AN ADVANCED ARMY AIR FORCE BASE, June 10 (Delayed).— Fighter Pilot Robert J. Stone of Tracy, Minn, today knocked down five Japanese planes—three with-1 out using his guns—in a raid by the Army's 318th Fighter Group, on Southern Kyushu Island. All together the group bagged 17 planes, bringing its total of enemy j aircraft destroyed in operations from this Ryukyus base in the last 17 days to 97. Lt, Stone was jumped by 25 Jap planes after he had shot down two fighters and went from 28,000 feet altitude “down to the deck” to try to shake his pursuers. “I was practically dragging my belly on the ground when we raced across an airfield,” he said. “A Jap twin-engined bomber had Just taken off right in front of me. "I yanked back on the stick to hop over the bomber and his prop wash must have hit the two Jap fighters right behind me. "They ran together and both crashed into the bomber. All three went down in a heap.” Lt. Stone hedge-hopped north until he shook the remaining Jap anese. The five today ran his total enemy plane score to seven, making him an ace with two to spare.” Bridges 'Continued From First Page.-) cepted the first point, but the sec ond aroused so much opposition that some of the Big Five began considering ways to soften it. Formula Unexpectedly Enlarged. “When the legal advisers of the Big Five started drafting a more flexible formula concerning the in vestigation of international situa tions dangerous to the peace of the world,” he said, “the Soviet dele gation stiffened its opposition to any attempt to change this for mula, and unexpectedly enlarged it so as to make it cover not only the ‘investigation,’ but also any ‘presen tation’ and ‘discussion’ of interna tional situations that might put the peace of the world in danger.” Senator Bridges said Mr. Hopkins came into the picture when the United States, Britain, France and China opposed the Soviet interpre tation. “He (Mr. Hopkins) obtained in Moscow only and exclusively the withdrawal of the extended Russian interpretation of the veto formula,” Senator Bridges said, “but he did not obtain any change of the Rus sian attitude concerning the two points involved in discussion at San Francisco for the last six weeks.” Regular bond buying through pay roll savings lets our fighting forces know the home front la behind them. A SIMPLE CHANGE FROM WINTER GLASS TO SUMMER SCREENS WITH PHENIX ALL SEASON WINDOWS Save Fuel and be comfort able all year 'round with glass for Winter and Screens for summer, all in one sturdily built window. NO MONEY DOWN JOHN P. AGNEWS CO. J Fuel Merchantt Since ISIS 80 Patterson St. N.E. NAtional 1068 Wmsimi Wanted New! Midtown Manhattan Bookshop Used by Nazi Spies Is Closed By the Auocisted Freu. For 03 years New Yorkers strolled past the musty little bookshop of B. Westermann, in midtown Man hattan, stopping perhaps to browse over its sidewalk bookstalls or to buy a first edition. Now it is closed, and the Treas ury yesterday told why. For 15 years starting in 1936 it was one of Germany’s most val uable sources of United States mili tary information, telling the Ger mans what kind of guns this coun try was making, how fast Ameri can planes would fly, how big a hole an American bomb could make in the Wilhelnfctrasse. These activities came to light in June, 1941, when the Treasury stopped out of the country mailing of books and other literature. West ermann’s asked special permission to continue mailings. Traveled to Germany. The Treasury did some investi gating and this was the story it unraveled: Ernest Eiaele, president of the company, was a native German and a naturalized American citizen, as were three of the directors. The State Department found that for years, directors and officials of B. Westermann s had been making frequent trips to Germany. The Treasury found, too, that since 1926 the firm had lost *25,000 annually but that Eisele had re ceived from German stockholders bonuses totalling *30,000. His ex planation was that he had obtained less expensive quarters for the bookshop and the stockholders were grateful. It was In 1936 also, he told the Treasury, that he had joined the firm. He had been approached by a man he did not Identify and asked If he would undertake the re organization of Westermann’s which was being taken over by the Scherl Publishing Co. of Germany. Eisele said he left his Job In the foreign book department of another New York store and went to Wester mann’s. The Treasury uncovered the fact that the 8cherl company was con trolled by Alfred Hugenberg who had been general manager of the Krupp plants during the World War and was Hitler’s first minister of economics and agriculture. Later Goebbels’ propaganda agency ac quired the Scherl Interests. Farwarded Magazines. Westermann’s task, the Treasury said, was to send such periodicals as Aero Digest, the Coast Artillery Journal, radio magazines and In general, anything pertaining to mechanics or the military. The separate investigation showed that between 1934 and 1940, Wester mann's remitted $180,000 In cash to Germany and more than $75,000 in books. Disposition of the Germans in volved was not disclosed by the Treasury which said their cases had been turned over to Federal enforce ment authorities for action, but a Justice Department spokesman said Eisele and the company were in dicted in the District last January for failure to register as alien agents. Sentencing of Wright Delayed by Court Justice T. Alan Goldsborough of District Court today continued until next Monday the date for sentenc ing Berry G. Wright, a partner in the Wright Beef Co , wholesale meat dealers, on a charge of contempt of court. Wright had been scheduled to be sentenced today, but Justice Golds borough decided to study the case further before imposing sentence, after hearing arguments by oppos ing counsel. In May, Mr. Wright pleaded guil ty to the contempt charge for vio lating the terms of a 1943 injunc tion by selling meat at above-ceiling prices. At the time the injunction was issued. Wright was an employe of another firm. Assistant OPA Enforcement At torney J. Grahame Walker, in argu ing the case, urged a substantial jail sentence for Wright. In turn, Wright’s attorney, H. Mason Welch, argued that there were mitigating circumstances in his client’s case. He told the court that Wright had made no more profit than would have been made in normal times. Mr. Welch also developed the thought that there is an adequate supply of meat but that under con ditions it ha* been impossible to sell the meat at a profit under OPA ceiling prices. Sir Richard Haking Dies; Diplomat and General By the Auocitted Pre»«. BULTORD, England, June 11.— Gen. Sir Richard Haking, 83, vet eran of the British diplomatic and military services, died Saturday. After the World War, in which he played an active part, Gen. Haking was named chief British representa tive on the Allied Armistice Com mission at Spa, Belgium, serving until August, 1919. In 1921 he was named high com missioner of Danzig by the League of Nations and served two years in that capacity. He later was ap pointed commander of British troop* to Egypt. Last Sub Is Launched By Electric Boat Yard By the Associated Prete. GROTON, Conn., June 11—The submarine Corporal, 34th and laat to be launched from the Electric Boat Co.'s Victory yard, a wartime facil ity, slid down the ways into the Thames River yesterday. It was sponsored by Mr*. Homer C. Wick of Washington, whose hus band, Capt. Wick, is on duty at the Bureau of Navy Personnel. Jap Abandonment Of Two Former U. S. Bases in China Seen By the Associated Press. CHUNGKING, June 11.-Chinese ! assault forces today battled the Jap anese within the outer defenses of Liuchow and closed In to within 10 i miles of Kweilin, 90 liilles to the northeast, amid a growing belief in the Chinese capital that the enemy planned to abandon both of these former American air bases. The Chinese high command an nounced today that two prongs of a Chinese drive were advancing on Kweilin. A thrust from the north west reached to within 10 miles of the city yesterday, while another aimed from the west advanced 12 % miles to reach a point 12 Mi miles from Kweilin. The Chinese announced the cap ture of two more unidentified towns on the highway to French Indo china and said Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops were mov ing on Plngsiang near the border of the French colony and Kwangsi Province. The communique said the Japa nese had attacked toward the Kwangsi border from the Indo china town of Caobang, and were engaged at the border town of Chungchingfu, 19 miles northeast | of Caobang. The Chinese previously had reported ths capture of Chung chingfu. The high command said regulars and local militia on June 3 cap tured Tenyun, on the West River 40 miles west of the former treaty port of Tsangwu (Wuchow), through which the Japanese forces in Kwangtung Invaded Kwangsi last year. Inconclusive fighting continued In Honan Province at the Japanese bastion of Hsihsiakow, guarding the : approaches to Hankow and the I Peiping-Hankow Railroad, the com munique said. ! The Japanese were reported at tempting to strengthen the east flank of the Canton-Hankow Rall I road and better protect the ap proaches to Canton and Hong Kong. Thundershowers Forecast For Capital Today The Weather Bureau, predicting thundershowers this afternoon or evening, with more rain probable tomorrow, reported today that the District has a deficiency of rain fall so far this year. The temperature probably will rise to 89 this afternoon, the forecaster said. Storms last night brought the pre cipitation up to 1.30 Inches for the 24 hours ending at 8:30 a.m. today, raising the total so far this montn to 2.51 Inches. 11118 is 1.17 Inches ahead of normal for June to date. Due to the dry spell earlier this year, the Weather Bureau said, 1945 now Is still short 4 05 Inches of rain. B*7 bonds regularly where you work through payroll savings. Stalin Gives Two Horses to Harriman, Daughter By the Associated Press. MOSCOW, June 11. — United States Ambassador W. Averell Har riman and his daughter Kathleen yesterday tried out two Russian cavalry horses, gifts from Premier Stalin. Mr. 'Harriman, a polo player and trainer of polo ponies, was com plimented by Soviet cavalry officers on his horsemanship when he rode his mount at the Russian Cavalry School. Appeals Court Gives Silverfarb Opinion The United States Court of Ap peals today handed down an opinion in connection with a judgment it rendered last April which affirmed the conviction of Harry T. Silver farb, 42, who faces a 60-day jail sentence and a $2,000 fine on charges of selling onions at above-ceiling prices. Silverfarb, who had been at libertv on bpnd and skipped it, was returned here recently and faces another I charge of larceny after trust of a i typewriter. The United States court of Ap ! peals last April affirmed a Municipal Court, of Appeals decision which affirmed Silverfarb’s conviction in Municipal Court on the ceiling-price ; violation. The appeals court an-1 nounced it would hand down an j opinion later. In the opinion today. ’ ! written by Justice Thurman Arnold,! I the court found that certain error j was committed in admission of evidence. «. The court held, however, that it did not find that Silverfarb was "substantially prejudiced merely be cause of evidence of no probative lAilue was permitted to encumber a record which in other respects con tained clear evidence on which the ! jury could return a verdict of guilty.” Justice Justin Miller concurred in; the opinion. Justice Henry W. Edgerton, who heard the case with; Justices Arnold and Miller, said he concurred in the result, but disagreed on the thought that certain evidence was improper. Coast Ship Repairmen Vote in Favor of Strike Br thf Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, June 11.—Ship repairmen in 10 harbor district' shipyards have voted. 2.658 to 196. in favor of a strike, the 21st regional office of the National Labor Rela tions Board announced today. The effective date of the strike was not disclosed. Spokesmen for the AFL Metal Trades Council said the strike vote was requested after the denial by the War Labor Board Shipbuilding Commission of the council’s peti tion for 11.6 per cent higher wages for repairmen than for workmen on new ships. The vote was taken' Saturday. Army-Navy Journal Inciting Distrust, Soviet Radio Says By the Associated Press. A Moscow broadcast recorded by CBS today charged the Army and Navy Journal with an attempt "to Incite distrust among the victor*, undermine their collaboration and slander a tried and true ally of the American people." The Journal is an unofficial pub lication published In Washington. A Soviet commentator declared the Journal, in a recent article titled “The Mysterious Postwar Aim* of the Soviet Government,” expressed dislike for existence of a strong army in Russia and alarm over establishment of friendly relations between the Soviet Union and ths Eastern European and Balkan coun tries. "The author’s conclusion is that the United States should not re duce its armed forces only because it would deprive it of the possibility of bringing pressure to bear on the Soviet policy,” the commentator added. Asserting that the Journal on previous occasions accused the Red Army of unwillingness to co-ordi nate its operations with the actions of the Allies and attributed Red Army successes to being "a plot of the Soviet command with the Ger man generals," the commentator concluded: - “Actuality made a laughing stock of these Army and Naval Journal strategists, but they continue with the same arrogance to poison the postwar atmosphere with provoca tive inventions and slander. The stand taken by this American jour nal is very far from the real in terest of the American an-.’ all other freedom loving peoples, the interest of universal peace and security." A boost In payroll savings - will boost the morale of our fighting men! 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