Evening star. [volume], July 16, 1945, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Weather Forecast
Some cloudiness today; fair tonight and
tomorrow, moderate temperature.
Temperatures today —High, 73, at
1:30 p.m.: low, 68, at 6:15 a.m. Yester
day-High, 75, at 9 a.m.; low, 70, at
10:38 p.m.
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Guide for Readers
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Woman's Page, B-8
An Associated Press Newspaper
93d YEAR. No. 36,963. Phone NA. 5000.
WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JULY 16, 1945—TWENTY-SIX PAGES. ★★★
City Rome Dellyery. Dally and 8»nday BT /"ITT’Xffp ft
Sue a Month. When 6 Sunday*. *1.00. O Vi-EUl XO
Big Three Talks
Await Arrival of
Premier Stalin
Churchill Pays
Courtesy Call on
President Truman
(Pictures on Page A-3.) •
Zt the Associated Presa.
POTSDAM, July 16.—President
Truman and Prime Minister
Churchill, with their ranking
military and state advisers, to
day awaited the momentarily
expected arrival of Premier
Stalin to start the Big Three
conference at which the war
with Japan appeared to be a
leading issue.
Soviet spokesmen said they had nt
word that Premier Stalin and For
eign Minister Molotov had arrivec
in Potsdam, but added, they will b<
here in time for the opening of tht
conference.” It was generally be
lieved they were already here.
Full-scale opening of the confer
ence seemed to have been delayed un
til perhaps tomorrow. Mr. Churchili
met Mr. Truman for the first time
since President Roosevelt’s death in
what was described simply as a cour
tesy call.
The President held several confer
ences with his Secretary of State
James F. Byrnes, and his personal
chief of staff. Admiral William D
Leahy. Mr. Truman was reported
planning a dinner early in the week
in honor of Mr. Churchill and
Premier Stalin.
Tight secrecy prevailed. Problems
such as hunger, frontiers and re
building of a Europe ravaged by war
were high on the agenda.
nyrnes ana sumson rreseni.
The whole hierarchy of American
and British military leaders were in
Potsdam along with two American
cabinet officers, Secretary Byrnes
and Secretary of War Stimson. Just
who were to accompany Premier
Stalin and Mr. Molotov to the Big
Three conference has not been an
nounced. Russia alone of the great
world powers is at peace with Japan
Mr. Truman flew to Berlin yes
terday.
The scores of state and military
leaders talked in an atmosphere as
remote to the outside world as
Shangri-La. The 200 newsmen as
signed to the momentous and
closely-guarded gathering got no
closer than the adjacent suburb of
Sehlendorf. The conference may
last three weeks and the only au
thoritative news from it will come
from the conferees themselves.
Premier Stalin was coming here
after at least half a dozen conver
sations in Moscow with the new
Chinese Premier, T. V. Soong, and
a gala farewell dinner for Dr.
Soong which suggested that the
meetings had been fruitful.
Spokesman for Nation.
Mr. Truman, for his part, was
said to see his role not as simply
a mediator between two powerful
Allies, but as a spokesman for a
Nation which is seeking to arrange
a world structure ip which its tech
nolpgical leadership and democratic
ideals will have a greater play than
ever before.
Old-time foreign dwellers in Mos
cow say it has seemed that Premier
Stalin has held closely to four ob
jectives in directing the state affairs
for the huge land mass and nearly
200,000,000 persons who make up
the Soviet Union.
His first objective—defeat of
Soviet enemies in the west—has
been achieved. The others are said
to be:
1. Defeat of Soviet enemies in the
east—meaning, first of all, Japan.
2. Consolidation of the outer de
fense system for Soviet territories,
which, with the inclusion of the
Carpatho-Ukraine in the Soviet
Ukraine and the prospective inclu
sion of the northern half of East
Prussia in Soviet Lithuania, would
extend the Kremlin's dominion
farther than was ever reached by
the Czars.
Continued Friendship.
3. The crystallizing of wartime
friendship with the western Allies
to endure through long years of
peace to come, in which at the very
least there would be tolerant non
interference by the others in the
sphere in which each of the Big
Three is to be dominant.
Virtually all European problems
reported up for discussion in Pots
dam bear in some way on the Soviet
Union’s outer defenses. One of the
(SeeBIG~THREErPage~A-3j
Senate Judiciary Committee
Approves Two as Judges
By the Associated Press.
The Senate Judiciary Committee
today approved the nomination oi
Arthur A. Koscinski to be judge oi
the Eastern Michigan Federal Dis
trict Court and of Dennis F. Dono
van to be judge of the Minnesota
Federal District Court. A Detroit
lawyer, Mr. Koscinski was nominated
last month by President Truman tc
succeed the late Arthur J. Tuttle
At a subcommittee hearing on hi£
qualifications, Mr. Koscinski denied
charges by another Detroit lawyer.
Larry S. Davidow^ of fraudulent
dealings while a receiver for a com
mercial building in suburban Ham
tramck. Mr. Davidow also asserted
that Mr. Koscinski had played a
prominent part in the American
Slav Congress, which he labeled a
“Communist front” organization.
Waitress Found Dead
In Bed, Gas Jets Open
Mrs. June Reese, 45, a waitress
employed in a Georgia avenue res
taurant, today was found dead in
her apartment bedroom at 1438
Meridian place N.W. The gas jets
In the kitchen adjoining the bed
room were open, police reported.
Elmer Prather, route man for the
Manhattan Laundry, knocked on
her apartment door this morning to
pick up laundry and aroused two
men roomers, according to the police
report. The roomers smelled gas
and found the woman dead in bed.
Deputy Coroner Christopher J.
Murphy was called by the police.
Tokyo Paper Admits Possibility
Japan May Have to Surrender
Says Leaders Must Take Realistic View
And Give Up Hope of Splitting Allies
By the Associated Press.,
SAN FRANCISCO, July 16.—
Japan will be compelled to sur
render, a Domei news agency
dispatch said today, unless her
war leaders take a realistic view
of the “world situation” and
abandon hopes of victory
through a split among the
United Nations.
The dispatch, quoting the Tokyo
newspaper Yomiuri Hochi, called
| such hopes “political superstition,”
adding they were similar to Ger
many’s “fatal blunder” of plunging
into a two-front war.
“Such political superstition when
taken advantage of by the enemy
is bound to produce irretrievable
political confusion compelling sur
render,” said the broadcast, recorded
by the Federal Communications
i Commission. It was beamed to
1 Europe.
Another Domei dispatch, Intended
for America, again questioned Pres
ident Truman’s assurance that un
conditional surrender would not
mean the extinction and enslave
ment of the Japanese people.
It cited a magazine article by Ad
miral William P. Halsey advocating
elimination of Japan's military
clique and the doctrine of Shintoism
as part of what it said was a cam
paign to instigate "passions of beast
ly hatred against the Japanese race.”
The Nippon Times was quoted as
saying that “the effacement of
Shintoism means the effacement of
the Japanese race and that is what
Americans like Admiral Halsey are
threatening.”
The Tokyo radio sought to play
down the effect of the United States
naval sea and air bombardment on
the Japanese homeland, hinted
vaguely at new secret weapons in
the offlng and, evincing growing un
(See JAPS, Page A-4.)
Truman Sees Berlin's
Damage, Says People
Brought It On Selves
President Slips Away
For Two-Hour Visit
To Heart of Capital
By the Associated Press.
POTSDAM. July 16.—President
Truman toured the heart of
Berlin today, including the
bomb-shattered former chan
jcellory of Adolf Hitler, the
| battle-scarred Reichstag and
the wreckage of the Tiergarten.
Before the Chancellory, the Presi
dent shook his head and told re
| porters:
“This is a terrible thing, but they
brought it on themselves.”
Makes Two-Hour Tour.
While he and Prime Minister
Churchill awaited the arrival of
Premier Stalin to begin the Big
Three conference, Mr. Truman
slipped away from Potsdam for two
hours to see the war-devastated
German capital. He also inspected
the American 2d Armored Division
along one of the German super
highways.
Mr. Churchill also inspected the
Reichschancellory this afternoon
and asked his Russian escort how
the Nazis there had died.
Mr. Truman, an artillery captain
in the First World War, presented a
citation to Company E of the 17th
Armored Engineering Battalion—
which crossed the Rhine under fire—
and commented:
“I am sorry that I didn’t get a
chance to participate in some phase
of this war myself.”
Inspects U. S. Division.
He made the award from a half
track personnel carrier in which
he stood with Secretary of State
Byrnes, Admiral William D. Leahy,
his personal chief of staff, and his
military and naval aides. He wore
a blue suit and the familiar gray
I hat.
He inspected the 2d Armored Di
vision in company of its commander,
Brig. Gen. John H. Collier. Then
his wide tour of Berlin carried into
some sections of the Russian occupa
I tion zone.
Passing through the Brandenburg
(See TRUMAN, Page A-3.)
Belgian Cabinet Meeting
In Emergency Session
By the Associated Press.
BRUSSELS, July 16.—The Bel
gian cabinet met in emergency ses
sion today following an announce
ment by Prime Minister Achille Van
Acker that King Leopold had de
cided against abdicating but also
had decided not to return to Bel
! gium immediately.
Rumors were current that the
King, who is now near Salzburg,
Austria, had addressed a message
to the Belgian people saying he
wanted to await a general election
before making up his mind on a
course of action, but there was no
i confirmation of this.
Prime Minister Van Acker an
nounced parliament had been called
into session tomorrow and that the
cabinet was meeting again tonight,
“due to the gravity of the situation.”
The Prime Minister told news
paper men yesterday that in view of
the situation, the regent, Prince
Charles, “has refused the resigna
tion of the government,” and con
sequently the present government
will go into office again.
156 Japs on Tiny Isle
Near Okinawa Give Up
To Marine Invaders
Three Occupation Actions
More Than Month
Ago Are Revealed
By tbf Associated Press.
IHIYA ISLAND, June 5 (De
layed).—Rugged, tensed Marines
of the 8th Regimental Combat
Team splashed ashore on this
little island 310 miles south of
Kyushu June 3 behind a stiff
rocket and shellfire barrage and
beneath low-flying air cover—
and found no one but docile
natives.
But the only Japanese in the
whole area—garrisoning a tiny is
land nearby—had watched the bar
rage and a party promptly rowed
over in a longboat to surrender
their entire 156-man garrison.
(Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
today—July 16—announced the
unopposed occupation of Ihiya
and Aguni, June 3 and 9, re
spectively, but did not mention
the surrender of the third.
Ihiya, 8 miles long, is about 20
miles northwest of Okinawa’s
northern tip; Aguni & 35 miles
east of Central Okinawa.)
Japs Called to Okinawa.
"Well, it was a good training ma
neuver,” remarked Maj. Gen. Leroy
P. Hunt of Berkeley, Calif., who
commanded the Marine invasion.
The absent Ihiya garrison (like
Aguni’s) evidently had been called
to Okinawa more than two months
earlier to aid in the futile defense
of that large island.
A few Japanese planes approached
Ihiya on the first day but failed to
reach the American invasion fleet.
A tropical storm—complete with ty
phoon warnings—made the ships
withdraw temporarily Monday, but
did no damage.
Accidents cost the lives of two
Marines and injured 12. A score of
natives were wounded by the pre
invasion barrage and seven died
Approximately 3,000 others waved
white flags and surrendered imme
diately. No one committed suicide
Vehicles Dumfound Natives.
By noon yesterday Col. Clarence
R. Wallace, of Manitou, Colo., regi
mental commander, pronounced the
(See INVASION, Page A-4.)
Japs Abandon Points
in Burma, Allies Find
By the Associated Press. «
CALCUTTA, July 16.—Southeast
Asia Command headquarters an
nounced today that Japanese troops
had withdrawn at some points in
the Sittang River bend in Burma,
after attempting for more than a
week to hold a bridgehead on the
western side of the sti%am.
The bulletin said that at one
point 29 miles northeast of Pegu
Allied troops attacked, following an
artillery barrage, only to find the
main body of the enemy had with
drawn, leaving merely a covering
force, which fled.
Just southeast of Pegu five vil
lages were reported cleared of the
enemy.
B-24 Liberators, meanwhile, made
a round trip of about 2,500 miles
yesterday and bombed warehouses
at the port of Songkhla, in Thailand
on the South China Sea. They also
hit a 100-foot freighter towing a
large barge.
Order for 1940 French Attack
Never Executed, Gamelin Says
Even after her ultimate military mistakes in 1940, France could
have withdrawn her armies to Africa and to England and continued
the fight, Gen. Maurice-Gustave Gamelin, her commander in chief
until a few days before the collapse, says in the following article,
written especially for the Associated Press. As a matter of fact, the
general says, on the day he was removed he gave orders, which never
were carried out, for a counteroffensive which might have regained
the initiative in France itself. This is the first of five articles on the
personcfiities and situations which cost France four years of Nazi
enslavement.
By GEN. MAURICE-GUSTAVE
GAME LIN.
(Copyright, 1945, by the Associated Press.)
PARIS.—I am going to sur
prise you, perhaps, in saying
this is the first newspaper ar
ticle I have ever written. This
is the first, and I am glad that
it is for the United States, land
of liberty par excellence.
In France, the Army has tradi
tionally been the “silent service."
I was its commander. Remember
Marshal Joffre, with whom I served
for 10 years, was "un grand silen
cieux.” At the Riom trials, I my
self remained silent because there
were subjects that I didn't wish to
discuss in the presence of the
enemy.
(The Riom trials were held
In 1941. Gamelin, former Pre
miers Edouard Daladier and
Leon Blum and ether military
and political leaders were
brought to court by the Vichy
Government on charges of war
guilt. Vichy, an authoritarian
regime, sought to show that
officials of the third republic,
through negligence or for other
reasons, were responsible for the
military collapse of France and
the miseries deriving from this
defeat. The actions were al
lowed to drop without decision,
after lengthy hearings.)
The Vichy government put great
pressure on me in hope that, to
defend the Army I had commanded,
I would find myself supporting ac
cusations against the Republic by
saying: “The military leaders asked
for everything necessary; the Gov
ernment failed to make any cor re
(Continued on Page A-5, Column 3.)
Naval Shelling
Almost Razes
Two Jap Cities
Planes Burn Third
To Ground, Attack
13 Others Heavily
BULLETIN.
GUAM, Tuesday, July 17 (IP),
—Between 450 and 500 Super
Fortresses In a predawn at
tack today showered fire
bombs on four Japanese cities
I over a 460-mile stretch. The
targets ranged from Oita, on
the northeast coast of Kyu
shu, to Hiratsuka, 34 miles
southwest of Tokyo.
(Map on Page A-4.)
By the Associated Press.
GUAM. July 16.—Gunfire of
the United States Pacific Fleet
virtually demolished two Japa
nese industrial centers while
carrier planes burned a third
city to the ground and with
land-based bombers heavily at
tacked 13 others Saturday and
yesterday in one of the most
destructive week ends ever suf
fered by the enemy.
The carrier aircraft sank or dam
aged 103 Japanese ships and 25
barges totaling 108,000 tons.
Feeble antiaircraft fire was the
only opposition offered to the en
tire series of explosive assaults.
Battleship forces spearheaded by
the 45,000-ton super-battleships
Missouri, Iowa and Wisconsin, all
but destroyed the iron and steel
center of Muroran on Hokkaido Is
land yesterday. Carrier planes had
burned out practically all of indus
trial Kushiro on the same island the
day before.
B-29s Attack Oil Plant.
B-29s made a return visit to at
tack the Nippon Oil Co. plgnt at
Kudumatsu on Honshu, about 5
miles southeast of Tokyuama, with
high explosives.
(The Japanese Domei news
agency said today that Admiral
William P. Halsey's 3d Fleet
had withdrawn from immediate
coastal waters off Northern
Japan but warned of the possi
bility of its return.
(The withdrawal—unconfirmed
by United States sources—was
"presumably due to bad weather
conditions which made further
attf^cks difficult,” Domei said.
(Directed in English to this
country and monitored in San
Francisco, the Domei broadcast
from Tokyo said a total of 2,500
American carrier planes partici
pated in the two-day strike at
Northern Honshu and Hokkaido,
with 1,500 planes in the attack
yesterday, and 1,000 Saturday.
(Available reports, Domei con
tinued, indicated damage to
ground Installations was “slight.”)
Good Bombing Kesults.
Returning B-29 crews said the
bombing results were “good to ex
cellent" and that fires and explo
sions were visible for 100 miles. “It
| turned the clouds and horizon blue
| and they stayed that way for 30
i seconds,” one pilot said. No Super
I Forts were lost.
More than 100 jMustangs from their
Iwo base struck at six Nagoya air
fields and destroyed or damaged 37
Japanese planes and then pounced
on shipping in Nagoya .Bay and
railroad yards.
Three Mustangs were lost. Only
eight interceptors came up to fight.
Four of them were shot down, an
other was probably destroyed and
two were damaged.
Elsewhere in the Far Western
Pacific, American Navy search Priva
teers heavily attacked Korea; Army
Liberators hit the Singapore area
and shipping off Southern Honshu;
Thunderbolts ranged to the China
Coast; attack and fighter bombers
hit two Kyushu Island cities; carrier
planes struck three airfields on
Honshu, and 100 Army Mustangs at
tacked airfields around Nagoya.
Communiques from three Ameri
can commands reported aerial as
saults on 11 Japanese cities; Muro
ran, Hakodate, Esashi, Kushiro
Sendai and Shibetsu, all on Hok
kaido Island; Nagoya, Aomori and
Kudumatsu, all on Honshu; and
Miyazaki and Kagoshima on Kyu
shu.
Other Cities Listed.
The Tokyo radio additionally re
ported that carrier planes also
raided Otaru, Abashiri, Ashigawa
and Obihiro, all on Hokkaido.
The battleship shelling of Muro
ran blasted two steel plants, one
synthetic oil factory, other war
plants and left the city rocked with
fierce explosions and fires. Satur
day’s bombardment of Kamaishi on
Honshu set fires in the steel mills
which spread to the waterfront.
Between 50 and 75 Super Fort
resses struck Kudumatsu, once the
fourth largest oil refinery center in
the home islands. The B-29 com
mand reported that previous at
tacks on nine of Japan’s 10 fuel
centers inflicted damage ranging
from 45 per cent at Otake, to 95
per cent of the Maruzen oil re
finery at Shimotsu, on the Inland
Sea.
The reports on carrier strikes
cover Saturday and only prelim
inary figures for yesterday morn
ing. Strikes on both days were
made in adverse weather.
Kushiro Almost Wiped Out.
The Eastern Hokkaido city of Ku
shiro, with 63,000 population, was
almost totally burned out by fires
started in the Saturday air strikes,
Admiral Chester W. Nimitz an
nounced.
Sixteen-inch shells from the Mis
souri, Iowa and Wisconsin also de
stroyed or burned out most of the
One additional man from
the District area has been re
ported killed in this war. See
“On the Honor Roll," Page A-2.
(See FLEET, Page A-4.)
Connell Is Indicted
In Death of Boy, 9,
Hit by Automobile
0
District Court Expected
To Try Manslaughter
Case This Fall
James A. Connell, 54, an ac
countant of 4437 Faraday place
N.W., today was indicted by a
District grand jury on a charge
of manslaughter in connection
with the traffic death June 23 of
Donald Raymond De Vol, 9, at
River road and Ellicott street
N.W.
Donald, who lived at 4423 Harri
son street N.W., was killed by an
i automobile as he sat on a grass plot
I folding newspapers for his older
brother. Robert. 12, to deliver
Robert has an Evening Star route.
Police said Connell drove the car.
The indictment charges Connell
with criminal negligence in driving
and accuses him of driving while
under the influence of liquor.
Manslaughter, a felony, is triable
in District Court, and the maximum
penalty conviction is 15 years in
prison.
Connell may be arraigned on the
manslaughter indictment in District
Court on Friday. However, the case
probably will not come up for trial
until fall when the District Court
summer recess ends.
Companion m Auto.
Connell's companion in the car,
Comdr. Stanley L. Wilson, U. S. N„
said by police to be with the hydro
graphic division, was charged with
being drunk and disorderly. His
charges have been turned over to
the Navy Shore Patrol for dispo
sition.
The indictment against Connell
was one of 10 presented to the Dis
trict grand jury by Assistant United
States Attorney Joseph F. Lawless,
in charge of the panel, and returned
before District Court Justice David
A. Pine.
Alfred Jones. 41, colored, grocery
store proprietor of the 1100 block of
5 street N.W., indicted last month
on charges of conspiracy to violate
the Second War Powers Act and to
steal from the Government in con
nection with diversion of more than
a ton of meat from Fort Myer, Va.,
today was named in another indict
ment. In the new true bill he was
accused of buying 10 cases of 12
year-old Scotch whisky valued at
$600 which police charged were
stolen from the Merchants Transfer
6 Storage Co., 920 E street N.W.,
on March 3.
In another case, Solveig Medina,
23, said by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation to be a former enlisted
member of the WAC. was indicted
on a charge of illegally wearing a
uniform. When arrested by military
police June 16 in the 2000 block of
I street N.W. she was wearing the
uniform of an enlisted WAC with
officer’s braid sewed on the sleeves,
it was charged.
The FBI said she was honorably
discharged from the service on De
cember 8, 1944, for medical reasons.
She enlisted July 11, 1944, the FBI
said. She told officers that when
she enlisted she was living with a
sister in Arlington, Va.
Indicted on Mail Charge.
Clarence L. deBethizy, 48, of the
6100 block of Edmonston road, Riv
erdale, Md., said by police to be an
assistant station master at Union
Station, was indicted on a charge
of taking property from the United
States mails.
Herman Billet, 51, of St. Mary’3
County, Md., was indicted on a
charge of violating the Harrison
Narcotic Act and the Narcotic Drugs
Export and Import Act by illegally
purchasing and possessing narcotics.
In another indictment, John Man
sour, 30, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was
charged with robbery of $451 from
Ali M. Yandjabil, a restaurant oper
ator of the 1100 block of Thirteenth
street N.W. Police said the robbery
occurred in a room in a downtown
hotel.
1,000 Soldiers to Fight
Oregon Forest Fire
By the Associetefl Press.
PORTLAND. Oreg., July 16.—A
thousand soldiers will be called out
to help fight a forest fire roaring
out of control in North?m Oregon’s
Wilson River area, according to
State Forester N. S. Rogers.
r
Martin Proposes World Pact
To Outlaw Peacetime Training
GOP Leader Says U. S. Should Seek Accord
Before Adopting Compulsory Service
Er the Associated Press.
House Republican Leader Mar
tin proposed today that “before
the United States adopts com
pulsory military service” the
Government seek an interna
tional agreement eliminating all
such peacetime training.
The Massachusetts Representative
made public the text of a resolution
he will introduce tomorrow urging
President Truman, Secretary of
State Byrnes and Edward R. Stet
j tinius, Jr., who will represent the
! United States on the United Nations
i organization, “to work unceasingly”
i for the end of compulsory military
training.
“If a mutual understanding can
be reached between nations and
pfeoples that the policy of gigantic
systems of universal compulsory
military service should be elimi
nated," he said, “it would relieve
the United States and all other
nations of the necessity to assume
this great new burden at a time
when we must build, reconstruct
and readjust the world to peace*
The elimination of compulsory
military service as a policy of Na
tions, Mr. Martin continued, “would
be the greatest single act of states
manship that could be accomplished
in the immediate present.”
“The system, which has long been
the practice of European nations,
(See MARTIN, Page A-3.)
Vinson's Nomination
Sent to Senate With
Two Other Selections
Caudle Given Clark's
Former Post; Judson
Replaces Hugh Cox
Fred M. Vinson, director of
I mobilization and reconversion,
was nominated by President
Truman today to succeed Sec
retary of the Treasury Morgen
thau.
The President also nominated
Theron Lamar Caudle to be an As
sistant Attorney General to fill the
position held by Tom C. Clark when
he was promoted to Attorney Gen
eral, and Harold William Judson to
succeed Hugh B. Cox. whose resig
nation as Assistant Solicitor Gen
eral of the department for “personal
reasons’’ was announced simultane
ously.
The Vinson nomination was sent
to the Senate in line with a White
House announcement Saturday that
Mr. Truman had decided to speed up
the previously-announced replace
ment of Mr. Morgenthau, at the lat
ter’s suggestion.
John W. Snyder, who recently was
appointed head of the Federal Loan
Agency to succeed Mr. Vinson when
the latter was made War Mobiliza
tion director, generally is expected
to be named to the War Mobilization
and Reconversion post soon, al
though there has been no official
announcement to that effect.
The three nominations were sent
to the Senate by the White House
on instructions from the President,
now at the Big Three Conference.
Mr. Judson, who was appointed a
special assistant to the Attorney
General in the Criminal Division of
the Justice Department last year,
was selected Assistant Solicitor Gen
(See NOMINATIONS. Page A-4.)
Bushfield Abandons
Efforts for Changes
In Security Charter
Senate Committee Meets
Today to Go Over
Report Backing Pact
Decision of Senator Bushfield,
Republican, of South Dakota,
not to offer reservations to the
United Nations Charter today
i increased the prospects of Sen
ate ratification about August 1.
Although the South Dakotan an
nounced sometime agb he plans to
support the Charter, he had been
working on several proposed changes
which, if offered, would have pro
longed discussion.
The Senate Foreign Relations
Committee meets this afternoon to
go over its written report in support
of the Charter, but the Senate will
not take up the document until next
week. The committee stands 21 to 1
for the Charter, with one member,
Senator Shipstead. Republican, of
Minnesota, not recorded. He has
been out of town since the hearings
ended last week. The lone opposi
tion vote was cast Saturday by Sen
ator Johnson, Republican, of Cali
fornia.
Meanwhile, Senator George, Dem
ocrat. of Georgia told reporters
that last week’s hearings had con
vinced him that “there can be no
legitimate criticism of the Charter.”
He described the document as
carrying a “minimum commitment”
by the United States on matters that
call for domestic decisions, such as
the use of American troops to aid
in policing the peace.
It was the Georgia Senator’s opin
ion that Congress can deal with the
question of the number of military
forces and their disposition in both
legislation and in a treaty which
is expected to be made with the
proposed Security Council.
Pilotless B-29 'Lost' After Crew
Bails Out to Escape Gas Fumes
By the Associated Press.
GRAND RAPIDS, Minn., July 16.
—A pilotless B-29 was being sought
in Minnesota, the Dakotas and
Montana today after its crew of
11 was forced to bail out over the
thickly wooded and lake country
of Northern Minnesota to avoid
asphyxiation.
Lt. Edward J. Szycher of Bayonne,
N. J., the pilot and the last man to
leave the plane, said the ship was
flying at 9,500 feet when he gave
the order to jump and he believed it
carried enough gasoline to fly it to
Montana under control of the auto
matic pilot.
However, he said, the plane was
filled with gasoline fumes from a
leaking line and it was possible that
the ship exploded and fell into the
woods or a lake in Minnesota.
The ship was on a round-robin
flight from Pyote, Tex., to Duluth,
Minn., to Wolf Point, Mont., and
back to Pyote when the crew aban
doned ship shortly after midnight
yesterday.
Lt. Szycher said every effort was
made to stay with the ship, but the
order to bail out was given when
some of the crew were overcome.
Lt. Szycher, the last man to Jump,
said he buckled a paracute on Lt.
Keith Hudson or High Point, N. C.,
and threw him out of the plane.
Lt. Hudson, unconscious, was re
vived by the rush of air.
Forest rangers found the crew
over an area of about 30 miles. One
fell into Napoleon Lake and swam
to shore. All were suffering from
the effects of the fumes, but none
had serious injuries except Lt. Hud
son, whose back was hurt. Search
for the men had started when one
of the men reached the Link Lake
ranger station told his story.
Others in the crew besides Lt.
Szycher and Lt. Hudson were Lt.
W. C. Menke, co-pilot, of Des
Moines, Iowa; Lt. John Davies,
bombardier, of Fort Worth, Tex.;
Flight Officer Ladd Hoover, navi
gator, of Alhambra. Calif.; Lt. Dop
kin, instructor-navigator, of Rhode
Island; Staff Sergt. Roberts, radio
navigator, of Massachusetts; Sergt.
Jack Lomas, Detroit; Corpl. John
Cox, Atlanta, Ga.; Corpl. Jacob
Hill, South Bend, Ind., and Corpl.
Harold L. Parker, Morgantown, Ind.
Army officers from Denver ar
rived today to assist in the search
for the plane. A board of inquiry
meeting was scheduled for today or
tomorrow.
Wagner Praises
Monetary Plan
As Peace Aid
Senate Opens Debate
On U. S. Participation
In Bretton Program
By J. A. O’LEARY.
The Bretton Woods world
monetary agreement offers a
chance to outlaw “economic
warfare’’ and thereby give
greater effect to the United
Nations Charter in preserving
peace, Chairman Wagner of the
Banking Committee told the
Senate today as he opened de
bate on the financial pact.
“Within the next few days we
must consider the San Francisco
Charter and determine whether the
United States will co-operate with
the other United Nations in political
and military matters,” Senator
Wagner began. “To give greater
effect to that solemn understanding
it is fitting that we lay a firm foun
dation for peace, that we inform the
world that we stand ready also to
co-operate in international economic
matters.”
Two Major Features.
Forty-four nations met last sum
mer at Bretton Woods, N. H., and
worked out the plan, which has two
salient features:
1. An international stabilization
fund of $8,800J)00,000, of which the
United States’ share is $2,750,000,000,
to pave the way for standards of
fair currency exchange practice.
2. An international bank with
authorized capital of $10,000,000,0000,
of which the United States share is
$3,175,000,000 to guarantee private
foreign investments, and to make
some direct loans to help war-torn
nations get back on their feet.
Senator Wagner said “the failure
to provide a means for international
monetary co-operation in the 1920s
is one cause of the monetary disor
ders of the 1930s, which set nation
against nation in the struggle for
economic survival, and which be
came the economic prelude to the
great war.”
Early Passage Expected.
Four minority members of the
Banking Committee, led by Sena
j tor Taft, Republican, of Ohio will
oppose the Bretton Woods bill, urg
ing its postponement pending a new
; international conference, but the
measure is expected to pass by s
substantial majority by Wednesdaj
or Thursday.
After the last war, Senator Wag
ner said, each nation tried to gel
on the gold standard and stabilize
jits currency, acting alone.
| “As a consequence of this methoc
; of dealing with problems which ari
by their very nature international
some currencies, stabilized witl
great difficulty, soon proved to bi
over valued, while others were un
der valued,” the New York Senate
continued. “In countries with over
valued currencies, exchange rate:
were under constant pressure. Th<
effect was to increase the difficulty
of maintaining exports and employ
ment in those countries.
“In a vain effort to maintain th<
j established value of those curren
cies, countries put pressure on theii
domestic wages and prices, inducing
i depression at home and reducing
the demand for both domestic and
imported goods. Business condi
I tions in other countries were af
j fected since weakness in a majoi
currency is a source of danger to al
currencies.”
Serious Problems Faced.
Senator Wagner reminded hi!
colleagues that “we now stand ai
the threshold of another postwai
period,” and added:
“During the past six years work
trade has been virtually at a stand
still; political boundaries have beet
j reshuffled, large producing anc
S trading areas destroyed. As thi
j war has been more devastating thai
the last, so the international cur
rency and investment problems wi
face are more serious than we havi
ever before encountered. The ques
tion before us is whether by de
fault we will allow the world to re
peat the tragic blunders of thi
1820s and 1930s.
“This bill offers us the oppor
tunity to initiate constructive step:
to outlaw competitive currency de
valuation and other economic war
fare devices, to substitute co-opera
, tion for unilateral action in dealing
with international problems.”
The Banking Committee chairman
answered opposition arguments in
his opening speech, including some
raised by Senator Taft last week.
He said:
“It has been alleged that the fund
will not solve the British problem,
j (See BRETTON WOODS. Page A-3.)
Late Bulletins
More Pay Bill Errors Found
District and congressional
officials discovered today
there were about half a dozen
errors in the District teach
ers' pay bill, already on its
way to the President. A
measure to amend the bill
correcting the mistakes is
being drawn up by Vernon
West, principal assistant cor
poration counsel, and A. W.
Heinmiller, assistant super
intendent of schools in charge
of budget, with the assistance
of the Senate Legislative
* Council.
Moves to End Johnson Pay
Chairman Sumners of the
House Judiciary Committee
today relayed to Government
disbursement officers former
Federal Judge Albert W.
Johnson’s renunciation of his
$10,000 annual pension. The
former jurist, who is under
investigation by a Judiciary
Subcommittee, waived his
right to the full-pay pension
after refusing to resume the
witness stand Saturday in
open hearings into his con
duct.