Evening star. [volume], August 06, 1945, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Weather Forecast
Showers, thunderstorms, humid today.
High near 80. Clearing tomorrow.
Temperatures—High, 80, at 1:30: low,
72. at 6:38 a m. Yesterday—High, 81, at
3:35 pjn.; low, 64, at 4:18 a.m.
Late New York Markets, Page A-9.
Guide for Readers
Page.
Amusements B-14
Comics . B-12-13
Editorial _A-6
Edit’l Articles .-A-7
Finance _r--A-9
Lost and Found. A-31
Page
Obituary ..A-8
Radio .B-13
Society.--.B-3
Sports _A-ll-12
Where to Go .A-10
Woman’s Page- B-8
An Associated Press Newspaper
93d YEAR. No. 36,983. Phone 'SA. 5000.
WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, AUGUST 6, 1945-TWENTY-SIX PAGES.
City Home Delivery. Dally and 8unday K fVri'ymC!
90c a Month. When 5 Sundays. S1.00 « LJilN lo
_ _*
Secret Weapon' Is Equal
To 20,000 Tons of TNT
$2,000,000,000 Expended
To Develop Missile That
Nazis Couldn't Perfect
(Pictures on Page B-l.)
By J. A. FOX.
The United States has developed an atomic bomb,
the greatest explosive force ever used, and one of the mis
siles already has been dropped on the important Japanese
Army base of Hiroshima, it was announced today in a state
ment by President Truman, released at the White House.
Explaining that the bomb was dropped 16 hours ago, the
statement declared it “had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT
and more than 2,000 times the blast power of the British “grand
slam,” the largest bomb ever yet used in the history of warfare.
“With this bomb we have now added a new and revolutionary
increase in destruction to supplement the growing power of our
armed forces,” the President’s statement said.
“In the present form, these bombs are now in production and
even more powerful forms are in development.”
Dropped on City of 318,000.
An atomic bomb, the statement explained, “is a harnessing
cf the basic power of the universe.” And then it added: “The
.orce from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against
those who brought the war to the Far East.”
Hiroshima, a city of 318,000, is a major quartermaster depot
and has been a leading port of embarkation. It contains large
military supply depots. Its principal industries are ordnance,
large guns and tanks, machine tools and aircraft parts. Hiro
shima is on Honshu Island near the naval base of Kure on the
Inland Sea.
The President’s statement said American and British scien
tists, working together, developed the atomic bomb after the Ger
mans had failed, although the Nazis were working on the idea
as eariy as
"We are now prepared to ob
literate rapidly and completely
every productive enterprise the Jap
anese have above ground in any
city," President Truman warned.
"We shall destroy their docks, their
factories and their communications.
Let there be no mistake, we shall
completely destroy Japan’s power to
make war.”
Statement Broadcast to Japs.
The Office of War Information’s
overseas branch transmitters in
San Francisco, Hawaii and Saipan
Impenetrable Smoke
Prevents Accurate
Bomb Damage Report
The War Department an
nounced today it was unable at
present to make an accurate re
port on damage inflicted by the
new atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima, army base in Japan,
“An impenetrable cloud of
dust and smoke covered the tar
get area,” according to the first
reports received from recon
naissance planes that accom
panied the bombing mission.
Accurate details of the bomb
ing results will be released by
Secretary Stimson, it was an
nounced, as soon as they become
available here.
began broadcasting President Tru
man’s statement on the atomic bomb
to Japan immediately on the issu
ance of the statement, the agency
disclosed.
No programs beamed to Japan are
normally on the air at the time the
statement was released, a bad listen
ing hour in Japan, but the statement
was immediately featured in Eng
lish and other broadcasts audible in
Japan, and special Japanese-lan
guage broadcasts for later periods
were arranged to carry the pews,
OWI said.
The full text of the Truman state
ment has been rushed by Morse
wireless to OWI Psychological War
fare outposts in the Pacific for im
mediate use in the leaflets .dropped
over Japan.
Mr. Ttuman explained that Presi
dent Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill laid the groundwork for
developing this new secret weapon
and decided early to do the ex
perimentation in this country be
cause laboratories and production
plants would be out of reach of
enemy bombing.
Today this Government has "two
great plants and many lesser works
devoted to the production of atomic
power,” the President’s statement
explained.
Text or statement.
The full text of President Tru
man’s statement follows:
Sixteen hours ago an American
airplane dropped one bomb on Hiro
shima, an important Japanese Army
base. That bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT. It had
more than 2.000 times the blast
power of the British "Grand Slam"
which Is the largest bomb ever yet
used in the history of warfare.
The Japanese began the war from
the air at Pearl Harbor. They have
been repaid many fold. And the end
is not yet. With this bomb we have
now added a new and revolutionary
increase in destruction to supple
ment the growing power of our
armed forces. In their present form
these bombs are now in production
and even more powerful forms are
in development.
It is an atomic bomb. It is a
harnessing of the basic power of
the universe. The force from which
the sun draws its power has been
loosed against those who brought
war to the Far East.
Germans Failed.
Before 1939 it was the accepted
belief of scientists that it was the
oretically possible to release atomic
energy. But no one knew any prac
tical method of doing it. By 1942.
however, we knew that the Germans
were working feverishly to find a
way to add atomic energy to the
other engines of war with which
a <See BOMB, Page A-10.) .
il I
--
Stimson Predicts
More Powerful
Bomb Soon
Secretary Says Present
Weapon Will Aid
In Shortening War
An atomic bomb several times
more effective than the powerful
one which the Army Air Forces
have dropped on Hiroshima will
be in production soon. Secretary
of War Stimson said today. He j
also predicted that the present
weapon would prove a “tremen
dous aid” in shortening the war.
Although Germany was known
to have been working on an atomic j
bomb, the Secretary said, its defeat
and occupation has removed any
danger from that source. And there
is no prospect, he added, that the {
Japanese will be able to use a similar
weapon.
While details of the bomb’s oper
ation and production still are top
secrets, the War Department, fol
lowing the weapon's first use, today
released a 4,500-word statement on
the vast research program that pre
ceded its perfection.
; Three plants, it was revealed, now
are manufacturing the superbombs.
Two are located at the Clinton Engi
neering Works in Tennessee and a
; third at the Hanford Engineering
■ Works in the State of Washington.
! Special laboratories to solve tech
nical problems have been established
near Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Although thousands have been
employed in the production of the
I amazing new weapon, the Secretary
! said, its development was carried
I out with the “greatest secrecy.”
No one has been given more infor
mation concerning the bomb than
; was necessary for his particular
I job.
"Improvements will be forthcom
ing shortly,” Mr. Stimson said,
“which will increase by several fold
the effectiveness, but more impor
! tant for the long-range implication
| of the new weapon is the possibility
of another scale of magnitude will
be evolved after considerable re
search and development.”
Aside from its military use, Mr.
Stimson, like President Truman,
foresaw the employment of atomic
power for industrial purposes. He
said that already “much energy” is
being released by one of the ele
ments used in the bomb “not ex
plosively but in regulated amounts.”
The heat so produced, he explained,
is too low for operation of a con
ventional power plant.
“It will be a matter of much
further research and development,”
he said, “to design machines for
the conversion of atomic energy into
useful power.”
10,000 Canadians Return
HALIFAX, Aug. 6 </P).—Residents
of Halifax gave a noisy welcome
yesterday to nearly 10,000 Canadian
.fighting men who returned home
aboard the big troop transport lie
de France. With them was Gen.
H. D. G. Crerar, who is retiring as
commander of the Canadian First
Army.
Complete Text of Report
On New Bomb Published
Believing the public wants to
know every announced detail
of the production of the ter
rible new atomic bomb, The
Star is publishing on Page A-6
of this edition the complete
text of Secretary of War Stim
son’s report on the develop
ment of the explosive.
The bomb, Mr. Stimson
points out, “* * * probably
represents the greatest achieve
ment of the combined efforts
of science, industry, labor and
the military in all history."
Six Jap Centers
Blasted by B-29s
And Mustangs
Tokyo Area Raided by
Fighters in Followup
To Super Fort Blow
By the Associated Presa.
GUAM, Aug. 6.—Striking for
the second time in five days,
Super Fortresses and Mustang
fighters spread fire and destruc
tion through six Japanese war
centers stretching almost from
the Imperial Palace in Tokyo to
the southern home island of
Kyushu yesterday and today.
Once again an all but helpless
Japan — forewarned that the big
bombers were coming over—was un
able to offer effective resistance
while the industrial areas of Nish
j inomiya-Mikage, Imabari, Maeba
shi and Saga and Ube burned from
; 3,850 tons of incendiary and high
explosive bombs dropped by a fleet
of 580 Super Forts. Hie coal lique
l - i
Tokyo Reports Raid
On Hiroshima, Target
Of U. S. Atomic Bomb
tj thf Associated Pres*.
SAN FRANCISCO. Aug. 6.—
The Tokyo radio said the city
of Hiroshima, target of the
American atomic bombing an
nounced today by President
Truman, was raided at 8:20 a.m.
Monday (7:20 p.m. Sunday,
Eastern war time).
The President said that the
new and powerful bomb was
dropped about that time, but
the Tokyo broadcast made no
mention of any unusual de
struction.
It reported only that “a small
number of American B-29s at
tacked the city on Southwest
ern Honshu with incendiary
and explosive bombs.''
faction plant was the target of the
raiders at Ube.
One Super Fort failed to return.
Yesterday air raid sirens screamed
throughout Tokyo in a warning that
100 P-51 Mustangs had returned to
strike the Tokyo area with rockets
and machineguns.
The Tokyo radio said 150 Mus
tangs carried the assault into the
daylight today with an attack on
the Tokyo area.
A single Japanese fighter watched
them come yesterday and then fled
from the skies.
Large Areas Burned Out.
The B-29s in two raids August 2
and today have dropped 10.500 tons
of fire and demolition bombs on
Japanese cities in warnings to the
people of Japan to surrender un
conditionally.
They have burned out approxi
mately 160 square miles of war-pro
ducing cities since the first fire raid
on Tokyo March 3.
While the newest series of Incen
diary raids has always been pre
ceded by warnings to civilians to
flee to safety, their effectiveness was
told bluntly in a single sentence in
Gen. Carl A. Spaatz’s communique
which, reporting on the record raid
August 2, said:
“First photographs available on
results of the B-29 strike in the
(See RAIDS, Page A-2J
| Senate Leaders
, Oppose Curb on
Security Troops
Plan Would Give
Full Authority
To President
I By the Associated Press.
Senate leaders were reported
today to have decided to ask
Congress to set up the office of
World Security Council delegate
without limiting the President’s
authority to use troops.
The decision to bring the Issue
squarely before the legislators in
October was said to have been
reached by Majority Leader Barkley
and Chairman Connally of the
Foreign Relations Committee.
Neither would comment on these
reports, but it was learned they had
dismissed any thought that Presi
dent Truman might name Edward
R. Stettinius, jr., former Secretary
of State, as the delegate and pro
ceed without further congressional
| action.
Would Not Fix Powers.
But the administration-sponsored
resolution Senator Connally is ex
pected to offer shortly after the leg
; islators return from their summer
fall vacation may be much less
I definitive in its terms than a similar
measure suggested yesterday by
Senator Vandenberg, Republican, of
Michigan.
Indications now are that the
administration leaders plan to pro
pose merely a simple resolution
fixing Mr. Stettinius’ status as an
Ambassador, requiring Senate con
firmation, and making him a deputy
of the President. The latter would
| decide how this country should
: vote on the peace-keeping council.
A final decision on terms of the
‘ legislation awaits a conference be
i tween Secretary of State Byrnes and
Senator Connally, probably this
week. But if it is presented in this
form, it will contain no definition
of the President's authority to use
! American troops.
1 Senator Vandenberg, on the other
hand, proposed in a letter to Mr.
Byrnes, that the President have a
free hand to vote for the use of
American military contingents as
signed to the Security Council but
that he be required to obtain prior
congressional consent for any ad
ditional forces.
Wants Report to Congress.
The Michigan Senator would have
the President report currently to
Congress whenever he voted for
sanctions or the use of force. He
also suggested that the United
States and its inter-American allies
assume the responsibility for armed
forces required to maintained peace
in this hemisphere.
Senator Vandenberg, who as a
delegate helped write the United
Nations Charter, in his letter to
Secretary Byrnes expressed the opin- j
ion a law establishing the office of1
United States delegate on the Secur
ity Council should be enacted. He
requested Secretary Byrnes to study
this question and recommend the
form of a bill to be presented to Con
gress. He gave his own views re
garding the necessity of such a law,
and what its terms should be.
He listed, in addition to the pro
! vision that the President should be
' required to obtain congressional
assent to the use of armed forces
beyond the "basic" or "policing”
'quota, the following:
1. The American delegate on the
; council should be appointed by the
President and confirmed by the
Senate.
Status as Ambassador.
2. The delegate should have the
rank, status and pay of an ambas
sador.
3. The President should be re
quired to make annual reports to
Congress in respect to American ac
tivities in connection with the work
of the United Nations and special
I reports when he orders our dele
[ gate to vote for sanctions, military
or otherwise.
4. The President and his delegate
should be completely free to take
any of the actions contemplated
in the United Nations Charter for
the peaceful settlement of Inter
national disputes.
5. In this statute, or in the sub
sequent quota agreement, we might
well accept, in connection with our
inter-American Allies, and pursuant
to the treaty which will imple
ment the Act of Chapultepec, the
exclusive responsibility for any
<See CHARTER, Page A-4.)
Atomic Bomb's Power Derived
From Energy Similar to Sun's
By HOWARD W. BLAKESLEE,
Associated Press Science Editor.
President Truman's statement
that the atomic bomb is made of
the force from which the sun draws
its power explains the principle of
this new explosive.
The sun’s power is the sun’s heat.
For years scientists have known
that this heat could not come from
ordinary fires like those known on
the earth's surface. The sun just
wasn’t big enough to have lasted
■billions of years In which there is
evidence it has been burning at the
present rate.
In ordinary lire, molecules of
wood, coal or whatever else is blaz
ing, separate. As they come apart,
the energy which held them to
gether, is released in th6 form of
heat, light and other rays, like X
rays. Even a hot lire gives off a
bit of X-rays.
The sun burns, not by separation
of molecules, but by two much more
intensely hot methods. One is the
separation of atoms that formfiole
cules. This kind of separation re
leases incredibly greater amounts of
heat and energy than molecules
separations.
But an even greater source of
sun power is the fact that the
atoms themselves come apart to
some extent. These atoms are
made of electrons, protons and other
electrical and nonelectrical par
ticles. Electrons and other particles
fly off the atoms. This releases
even greater energies (including
heat and all other sorts of rays)
than the separation of atoms from
each other.
Not all these Interatomic forces
are known. Some are so powerful
that they have only been guessed
at. The popular phrase, smashing
the atom, describes this sort of
atomic disintegration where the
atom itself flies apart.
For many years scientists have
been able to disintegrate atoms in
laboratories. There were no ex
plosions, because billions of atoms
(See BLAKESLEE, Page itlO.)
Secret Factories Built
Weapons on Petain's
Order, Witness Says
Weygand Also Declared
To Have Directed Hiding
Supplies From Nazis
BULLETIN.
PARIS iVPt—A letter which
Marshal Petain sent to Hitler
three weeks after the Allied
landings in Africa telling of
conversations between the two
about “reconquering” French
colonies was introduced sud
denly by the state today at the
Petain treason trial.
By the Associated Press.
PARIS, Aug. 6.—Gen. Pico An
dart testified at the treason trial
of Marshal Petain today that
French troops were ordered by
Gen. Maxime Weygand at the
time of the armistice to hide all
military equipment. They con
cealed vast quantities of war ma
teriel from the Germans and
also large stores of food and raw
materials by the end of 1942, he
asserted.
Andart said underground fac
tories, at the order of Petain. start
ed building machine-gun carriers as
early as 1941, and produced 270
of them In one year. The general
said \Petain congratulated him for
his part in the activity and or
dered him to continue his work.
“Pierre Laval knew of this, but
he did not appear to be interested,”
the witness said. Andart said the
French hid and produced enough
equipment for 24 divisions, except
for heavy artillery and tanks. Gen.
Weygand, a previous witness, was
French commander at the time of
the armistice.
Called Patriotic and LoyaL
Pierre Merillon, French delegate
to the United Nations Conference
at San Francisco, sent a cable to
the trial from Santa Barbara. Calif.,
describing Petain as a man who
served France with “perfect patriot
ism and loyalty” and "with all his
power and energy.”
Merillon was a former member of
the French Embassy In Madrid,
where Petain served.
The message was read as the third
week of the trial opened, just before
Gen. Henri Lacaille testified that
Winston Churchill told a Vichy rep
resentative to Great Britain:
“We have been momentarily sep
arated. Let us try not to damage
each other any further.”
rells of Army Weaknesses.
The representative was a Col.
Groussard, whom the defense de
scribed as a former member of the
pro-Fascist Cagoulard and as pres
ent representative of the De Gaulle
government in Switzerland. The
general said Groussard was sent to
London to inquire if Great Britain
could assist the French with mil
itary aid in North Africa. Lacaille
did not say whether the British
made commitments, most of his
testimony was concerned with the
material weakness of the French
Army in the years immediately pre
ceding the war.
A heated argument developed
when Prosecutor Andre Momet
asked Judge Paul Mongibeaux tc
order defense witnesses to be brlel
and specific in testimony.
“It is completely unfair to pro
test,” Defense Attorney Fernand
Payne said, “during eight days, we
heard prosecution witnesses and
now when our witnesses reply, they
are asked to give only the outline
of our testimony.”
Mongibeau replied that he was the
judge of the relevancy of the testi
mony.
Fetain in Good Health.
About 35 defense witnesses re
main to be called—generals and
other colleagues of the 89-year-old
(See PETAIN, Page A-10J
Tip From Wife Wins
$10,000 Job as Judge
For Night Student
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Aug. 6 —John
A. Dwyer landed a $10,000-a
year job by reluctantly taking
a tip from his wife.
An engineer for the city's de
partment of water supply, gas
and electricity, Mr. Dwyer
studied law at night. There
was an opening on the Magis
trate’s Court bench.
“He wrote me a letter saying
he was a lawyer,” Mayor F. H.
La Guardia explained. “His
wife told him to do it, but he
said he’d never get an answer.”
Mayor La Guardia named Mr.
Dwyer to the court yesterday
and counseled the new magis
trate: "You see, you should
listen to your wife.”
Farmers' Union Joins
Fight for Reduction
Of Military Manpower
Reconversion Is Hindered
By 'Two-Front' Force,
Patton Tells Inquiry
President James G. Patton of
* the National Farmers’ Union to
I day joined the fight for reduc
I tion of military requirements for
I manpower and materials, saying
there could be no reconversion
if the Nation is forced to con
tinue carrying a two-front war
burden.
Mr. Patton made clear the views
of his organization in a letter to the
Senate War Investigating Commit
tee. He praised Chairman Mead,
Democrat, of New York, as well as
the committee's report of last week
which criticized a lack of Govern
ment policy toward reconversion.
Mr. Patton's letter made the fol
lowing points:
1. The strain of military demands
upon the civilian economy should
be reduced to aid reconversion, al
though no steps should be taken
that would endanger victory.
Asks Speedy Legislation.
2. The pending full-employment
bill, which calls for Government
spending when private industry
cannot maintain a given level of
employment, should be adopted as
soon as possible.
3. Speedy enactment of legisla
tion calling for construction of the
Missouri Valley Authority, the St.
Lawrence waterway, public housing
and similar public works.
4. A new agricultural program to
prevent “an agricultural deflation of
the kind that lollowed the last war.”
Mr. Patton said he agreed “en
tirely” with Senators Johnson, Dem
ocrat, of Colorado, and Taft, Re
publican, of Ohio, both of whom
have urged that the Army’s size be
reduced to a “sensible figure,” in
keeping with demands of a one
front war.
Military Needs Lessen.
“The burden of the existing estab
lishment,” Mr. Patton wrote the
Mead Committee, "built to wage a
two-hemisphere war, is too heavy.
It will bu impossible for the Nation
even to begin to face the problems
of conversion until the strain has
been reduced.
“This is not to say that any steps
should be taken to endanger mili
tary victory. But to say that we
now need as great an establishment
as we have needed, is to fly in the
face of reason.
“The military services reduce
their arguments to absurdity when
they refuse to release a few thou
sand coal miners, or a few thou
sand other specialists out of the
millions now in uniform.
“Just so, they invite disbelief
when they continue to demand the
gigantic volume of materials they
are still taking. If it is going to be
at all possible to effect a reasonable
smooth conversion, it is absolutely
essential that materials and man
power be released now and in in
creasing volume over the next few
months.”
Hawaii Mars Sinks
After Crash-Landing
In Chesapeake Bay
One Crewman Injured;
Section of Vertical Fin
Breaks Away in Air
By the Associated Press.
ROCK HALL, kd„ Aug. 6.—The
721/2-ton flying boat Hawaii Mars
crash-landed and sank off Love
Point in Chesapeake Bay yester
day about 10 miles northeast of
Annapolis. No one was killed,
but one man was injured.
The largest flying boat in opera
I tion, the plane could carry 138 pas
I sengers and was the first of 20 super
cargo carriers ordered by the Navy
from the Glenn L. Martin Co. for
use in the. war against Japan.
Launched only two weeks ago, the
Hawaii Mars was on a routine test
flight over the bay when, a crewman
said, the upper section of the
plane's vertical fin broke away at
an altitude of 6,000 feet.
Ship Began to Flutter.
“The ship began to flutter imme
diately and went out of control," the
.crew member added. “The pilot
! cried, ‘Prepare to abandon ship.' ”
But Lt. Comdr. William E. Coney,
i the pilot, a Navy flyer on loan to
the Martin firm, regained partial
control of the giant craft and about
10 minutes later ordered, “Stand by
for crash."
The plane struck the water about
500 yards off shore. The impact of
the 120-mile-an-hour blow ripped
open the metal hull, and the plane
sank until only part of its tail and
left wing remained visible.
Instrument Panel Went Out.
Comdr. Coney said his instrument
panel blacked out because of vibra
tion after the ship lost its vertical
stabilizer at 7,000 feet.
“We decided the ship could be
landed,” Comdr. Coney said, "and we
tested the plane for 30 minutes at
partial engine power. We finally
brought the ship down, but had to
land at a speed of 120 miles an hour,
far too great for the huge craft.”
Martin officials said the normal
landing speed of the Mars is 80 miles
an hour, or slightly less.
Two crew members trapped in the
flight deck were rescued by com
panions who ignored the danger of
a gasoline explosion. Small boats
that spied to the crash scene took
them and eight others aboard to
shore.
R. S. Noble, a flight test engineer,
was taken to South Baltimore Hos
pital with cuts, bruises and possible
internal Injuries.
A Navy announcement in Wash
ington said the plane would be
pulled out and taken to the Martin
plant.
Sister Ship of Mars.
The Hawaii Mars is a sister ship
of the original Mars, which traveled
325,000 mlies in 2,600 flying hours
between Alameda, Calif., and Pearl
Harbor.
The crew member said that after
the flying boat left the Martin plant
about 11 a.m. for the flight that
“everything functioned perfectly far
down the bay, after we had been in
flight several hours. Examination
showed the fuel tanks were running
low and it was decided to turn
about and head for the plant to
refuel.
“We were cruising at about 6.000
feet when the upper section of the
vertical fin broke off. The ship be
gan to flutter immediately and went
out of control. ,
“The pilot cried out, 'Prepare to
abandon ship.’
“The command was never given.
The next command we heard was
given maybe 10 minutes later, sev
eral minutes before the ship struck
the water. It was 'stand by for
crash.’
“The pilot managed, after a stiff
fight during which he certainly kept
his head, to get control. Neverthe
less, the ship acted queerly and we
figured he was steering by his en
gines.
The ship had taken a list to port
and we all knew the pilot was
fighting her down.
"A terrific noise made known to
us we had landed.
"Almost immediately water began
(See MARS, Page A-2.)
Hiram Johnson,
Foe of League,
Charter, Dies
Veteran Republican
Isolationist Succunbs
At Bethesda Hospital
By JOSEPH H. BAIRD.
Senator Hiram Warren John
son, Republican, of California,
classic foe of the old League of
Nations and all “foreign en
tanglements,” died at the Naval
Hospital in Bethesda at 6:40 a.m.
today. He was 78 years old.
His death ended nearly three de
cades in the Senate, and came only
two weeks after that body had ap
proved by an 82-2 vote American
entrance into the United Nations
security organization, a modern
counterpart of the old League.
Senator Johnson, unable to ap
pear on the floor, was paired against
it.
Cerebral Thrombosis Was Cause.
Capt. Robert E. Duncan, the Sen
ator’s physician, gave thrombosis of
a cerebral artery as the cause of
death. The Senator had been in
the hospital about two and one
half weeks. His demise was an
nounced by Leslie W. Biffle. sec
retary of the Senate. Mrs. John
son, whom the Senator affection
ately referred to as "the boss" was
at his bedside.
Their son, Lt. Col. Hiram W.
Johnson. jr„ left, San Francisco last
SENATOR HIRAM W.
JOHNSON.
—Underwood Photo.
night by plane but failed to arriva
before the Senator died.
Senate President McKellar was
expected to name a committee im
mediately to attend the funeral of
the Senator, whose home Is in San
Francisco.
Next to Senator McKellar. the
j silver-haired Californian was the
oldest member of the Senate in
point of service, having entered
it March 4. 1917. His present term
would have expired in 1947. A
spokesman said last December that
he planned to run again next year.
Capper Now Is Leader. _
The Californian's death leaves
Senator Capper, of Kansas, who
last month celebrated his 80th
birthday, the ranking Republican
of the Senate and ranking minority
member of the Senate Foreign Af
fairs Committee.
Covering the years when America
grew from relative isolation to the
first rank among world powers.
Senator Johnson's career was in
timately bound up with the develop
ment of United States foreign
policy.
He was ranking Republican mem
ber of the potent Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, and until his
health was seriously impaired about
two years ago, his was a d&ninant
voice in committee affairs.
vigorous Liberal at First.
A vigorous, fighting liberal in his
early days as a prosecuting attorney
and later Governor of California,
Senator Johnson's strong isola
tionist views gradually alienated
him from American liberals who
believed in increasing world co
operation.
In 1932, the Californian, who had
followed Theodore Roosevelt out of
the Republican party in 1912 and
shared the “Bull Moose” ticket with
him as vice presidential candidate,
again bolted his party to support
Franklin D. Roosevelt. ;
Eight years later, however, he op
posed a third term and drew from
Mr. Roosevelt the comment that not
by the widest stretch of the imagi
nation could any one then consider
rSEE JOHNSON, Fage A^4J
Continued Rain Tonight,
Clear Tomorrow Forecast
More rain was predicted today and
tonight by the Weather Bureau as
Washington skies resumed the
downpours that set a new July rec
ord and then extended into August.
In some northeast and northwest
sections of the city the rain turned
into hail.
Clearing skies were forecast for
tomorrow morning. The tempera
ture will remain in the 80s.
Late Bulletin
Connors Case Postponed
The hearing of Raymond
Connors, 32, at Yonkers, N. Y„
on charges of violating the
Sullivan Law, was adjourned
today for a week'at the .re
quest of Washington police
who are questioning him in
connection with the trailer
slayings of Edward Barker
and Pany Casbarian here oa
February 23.