Evening star. [volume], April 25, 1946, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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94th YEAR. No, 37,245. Phone NA, 5000._WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 1946—FORTY-EIGHT PAGES. 5 CENTS
China Demands
That Russians
Leave Dairen
Harbin Is Conceded
To Communists as
Soviet Withdraws
By the Associated Press
A Chinese government spokes
man conceded the rich North
Manchurian city of Harbin to
the Communists today, but in
sisted that the Russians get out
of the southern port of Dairen,
which so far is not on the Red
Army’s schedule of withdrawals.
The spokesman, Minister of In
formation K. C. Wu, declared that
Chinese Communists were "already
in Harbin,” from which the Russians
are scheduled to withdraw by the
end of the day.
Wu said he had no information on
the situation at Dairen "but Dairen
is a part of China and we expect
the Russians to withdraw from all
Manchuria before the end of the
month, as they agreed.”
Dairen became a free port under
the Chinese-Russian treaty of last
August.
Airport Taken by Communists.
Several sources reported that
Chinese government planes, trying
to land at Harbin to evacuate tarry
ing government officials, found the
airport already taken over by Com
munists. The planes returned to
Mukden, one of the few government
controlled Manchurian cities, with
out the officials. Earlier in the week
81 administrators sent into Harbin
W'eeks ago had flown to Mukden.
Sage Jorgensen, the Danish
Consul, who flew out of Harbin only
yesterday, told Associated Press
Photographer Julian Wilson in
Mukden that Harbin residents would
welcome the arrival of the Com
munists. He said the citizens feared
an outbreak of robbery and looting
if the Communists didn't take over
because the government garrison
there was too small to assume
control.
Communist leaders said several
days ago they would take Harbin
as soon as the Russians withdrew .
Harbin Appears in Confusion.
An Associated Press dispatch from
Peiping said that four planes sent to
Harbin yesterday to evacuate offi
cials—the number was not reported
—found Communists had taken over
the airfield. The pilots said the city
appeared, from the air, to be in
confusion. There were no details.
Lt. Gen. Chao Chia-hsiang. chief
of staff of the government's north
eastern command, said “the general
issimo (Chiang Kai-shek) is very
concerned about the situation.”
Gen. Chao flewr to Peiping from
Chungking yesterday and expected
to proceed to Mukden.
Mr. Jorgensen further told Mr.
Wilson that Chinese officials in
Harbin had hoped the Russians
would delay their withdrawal until
government troops could arrive. But
the Soviets, mindful of earlier crit
icism abroad when they delayed
their Manchurian evacuation, me
thodically went ahead with their
withdrawal preparations.
The Dane said most high Chinese
officials, including the police chief,
had left the city. Harbin has only
a small, locally-recruited garrison
which he said was not expected to
make more than a token fight, if
that, against the Communists.
The nearest government army is
about 300 miles to the south. The
only disciplined force in the Harbin
aredhis an estimated 20,000 Commu
nists.
Excesses Discouraged.
Mr. Jorgensen said Harbin was
quiet under Russian administration
and that such excesses as occurred
were "discouraged.” He reported
more than 100 Russian soldiers were
convicted of crimes against civilians
and s&ot in the Soviets’ eight-month
occupation.
He said there are about 60,000
Russians in Harbin. Most of them
are,, White Russians who settled
thefe after fleeing from the Red
revolution nearly 30 years ago.
Some were removed to Russia
during the Soviet occupation. Oi
these. Marshal Malinovsky told
Harbin Russians in a farewell ad
dress last week end:
"Some present here may miss
(See MANCHURIA, Page~A^6.) ~
Reds Promise Clark
To Avoid Air Attacks
By the Associated Press
VIENNA, April 25.—Marshal Ivan
S. Konev, Russian commander in
Austria, has assured Gen. Mark
Clark that every step will be taken
to see that Russian planes make no
further attacks on American air
craft flying in Austria, the Army
said today.
Gen. Clark protested yesterday
against an attack on an American
transport plane in the Linz area by
Russian fighter planes. There were
two such attacks in the last week
but neither American plane was hit
The second attack by Soviet
planes was disclosed yesterday with
Gen. Clark's latest protest to the
Russians.
The attacks came a day a part
last Monday over the Tulin airport
and on Easter Sunday near Linz
Gen. Clark already had protested
concerning the Monday attack
when four Soviet planes fired off the
Wings of a C-47.
Gen. Clark’s headquarters an
nounced yesterday that four Rus
sian fighters closed in on a C-4'
flying between Vienna and Munici
Sunday, and two of the Russian;
fired at the American ship. Th<
transport, carrying only its crew
was not hit.
The American plane was on i
regularly scheduled flight, was or
time, qnd was within the corridoi
prescribed by the Russians for flying
from Tulon Airport outside Vienra
to Linz, officials said.
There were four attacks in al
against the ship. The Soviet fight
ers came so close that the chewmer
could read the numbers 99 and 54 or
the aircraft.
f
1
Miners Tighten Belts, Prepare
To Back Lewis in Long Strike
Star Reporter Finds Men Really Fishing,
Lounging in Taverns While Awaiting Victory
The Star assigned James Y. Newton, its labor reporter, and
Elwood Baker, staff photographer, to a survey of the areas of
Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky, most affected by the soft
coal strike. Specifically, they sought answers from the miners on
questions such as the length of time they expect to hold out; from
the operators, their opinion of the John L. Lewis welfare plan.
The ansivers will be part of a series of articles of which this is
the first.
By James Y. Newton
Along the steep mountainsides of the rough country where
nature stored our supply of “black gold” the coal miners of Amer
ica have tightened their belts and prepared themselves generally
for a long strike in their fight for a bigger share of the better
things in life.
me mine workers are sonaiy De
hind their leader, John L. Lewis,
and one gets the inescapable im
pression everywhere that they are
willing to stay out just as long as
he wants. There are few signs of
restlessness, although the strike is
in its fourth week. Some miners
will tell you they would like to be
back on the job.
Nearly ail 01 tnem say tney dis
like a strike. However, they have
been pulled off the job so many
times over the years that a strike
is routine. Their biweekly pay en
velopes have trickled away to noth
ing, and there will be no more com
ing in. But the miners have an
abiding faith that whatever John L.
gets them will be worth waiting for.
These are some of the general
conclusions about the strike we
formed during an automobile trip
through the coal fields of Southern
West Virginia, the richest in the
country; through Eastern Kentucky
and a small bit of Southwest Vir
ginia. Special attention was given
the territory around Bluefield,
Welch and Williamson. W. Va., and
Stone, Jenkins and Harlan, Ky.
McDowell County, where Welch is
located, is the largest coal-produc
ing county in the country—25.000,000
tons last year—and the other areas
likewise are heavy producers.
Cross-Section or Industry.
Interviews were held with scores
of miners, their families, mine op
erators, mine bosses and those who
make their living indirectly from
coal mining. Coal is king through
out the region, and all in all, the
territory covered represents a fair
cross-section of one of the Nation’s
most basic industries
We talked with widows of miners
killed on the job. or, as Mr. Lewis
(Continued on Page A-5, Column 1.)
Frifsch and Blomberg
Framed by Goering in
1938, Court Is Told
Details of Nazi Shakeup
In German Army Given by
Former Gestapo Officer
By the Associated Press
NUERNBERG, April 25.—A
former German secret police of
ficial declared today that Her
mann Goering engineered frame
ups in 1938 which resulted in the
dismissal of both the Reich war
minister and the army’s chief of
staff—“the decisive last steps
before the outbreak of war.”
Hans Bernd Gisevius, one-tim»i
^Gestapo officer, testified before the
j International Military Tribunal that
] Goering had compelled a common
criminal to identify Col. Gen. Wer
ner von Pritsch, the army’s chief
of staff, as the perpetrator of an
atrocious homosexual attack.
The dramatic denunciation of Von
Fritsch, whom the German moder
ates had regarded as the man to
overthrow the Nazis, was made in
Adolf Hitler's presence, the tall, be
spectacled witness asserted, nine
days after Goering s own agents
had established that the actual cul
prit in the case was one Capt. von
Frisch.
Miner oiven Mies on Brioe.
Gisevius, who testified yesterday
that he plotted against the Nazis
for 10 years while serving in various
police jobs, declared that Goering
knew in advance that elderly Field
Marshal Werner von Blomberg, the
War Minister, had fallen in love
with a 28-year-old carpenter’s
daughter, but withheld the infor
mation until after the Fuehrer had
been induced to attend the wedding
i After the wedding, Gisevius said,
Goering gave Hitler police files
showing that Von Blomberg’s bride
“had been a prostitute registered in
seven large German cities; she was
1 in the Berlin rogue's gallery for I
myself have seen the pictures and
fingerprints, and she had been pun
ished for distributing pornographic
pictures.’’
On scanning the files, the witness
continued. Hitler “suffered a nerv
ous breakdowm and decided to dis
miss Von Blomberg immediately.’’
Gisevius said the Berlin Police
Court president, Count Graf Hell
dorf, was reluctant to turn over the
files on the womait to Heinrich
Himmler, because he realized “it
would put the armed forces in an
impossible position and Himmler
could use it to finish off Blomberg.”
iveuei iriea 10 hush acanaai.
Helldorf first took the files to
Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, who
succeeded Von Blomberg and who
was remotely related to him, and
Keitel insisted that he "cover up the
entire scandal,’’ Gisevius declared.
Then, he went on. Keitel asked that
the files be sent to Goering.
Goering heard the testimony with
his face drawn in hard, grim lines.
Keitel smiled and slightly shook his
head in the negative when his name
was mentioned.
Gisevius said Hitler first intended
to name Von Fritsch as Von Blom
berg’s successor in the War Min
istry, “but Goering and Himmler re
minded him that was impossible be
cause Von Fritsch was badly in
(See NUERNBERGTPage A-6.)
McNarney Institutes
Stiff Measures to Halt
Decline in Discipline
Busy Training Schedules
And Curfew for Men With
Bad Records Included
By the Associated Press
FRANKFURT, April 25.—Rig
erous measures to combat a de
terioration of discipline among
American troops in Europe—in
cluding busy training schedules
for all and an 11 p.m. curfew for
soldiers with bad conduct rec
ords—were ordered today by
Gen. Joseph T. McNarney.
The European commander in
chief, admitting that morale and
discipline have declined seriously
within the last few months, told a
news conference he had issued or
ders that “prompt corrective meas
ures must be taken to remove the
cause, deal swiftly end justly with
the offenders and limit and prevent
any future occurrences.’’
Plenty of Drill Recommended.
Earlier, Army medical officers
had recommended that the troops
be given plenty of work on the drill
field as one means of fighting an
excessive venereal disease rate.
Maj. Claude M. Eberhart of Chi
cago. venereal disease control of
ficer for the European Theater,
proposed that all major commands
in Europe “return to garrison life"
and its strict discipline to fight
venereal disease, which he said now
averages 211 cases per thousand
mpn npr vpar
(In Washington, the Surgeon
General's Office said the venereal
disease rate is computed on the
basis that within a year an av
erage of 211 of 1,000 men con
tract the disease—not that 211
have it at one time.)
Gen. McNarney. in his orders ves
; terday to tighten discipline, listed
j the “excessive venereal disease rate"
■ as one indication of deteriorating
GI morale and discipline. Maj.
Eberhart said the annual rate rose
;from 52 cases per thousand on V-E
; day to highs of 427 per thousand
' in some areas.
Discipline Is Alternative.
“There is. however, no guarantee
that the rate won't continue to
rocket," Maj. Eberhart said. “Food
jshoUtages, as they grow worse, will
increase the promiscuity of girls,
who will become more willing to
sell themselves for chocolate bars
and the necessities of life which
soldiers can provide.
“One of the few alternatives.” he
continued, “is to enforce Army
j discipline, with emphasis on drills,
' reviews, parades, tightening of
! courtesy and general discipline, and
a reinstitution of military calls, such
as retreat and reveille.
“This will not only keep the idle
soldier off the streets but will give
him pride in being a soldier. Right
now many soldiers have no pride,
and men without pride don't care
with whom they sleeD.”
Maj. Eberhart said the venereal
disease rate, which climbed sharply
after V-E day. dropped slightly in
September as a result of an educa
tional program and redeployment
but then began to skyrocket again.
“Something had to be done,” he
l asserted. “So the Army made peni
| cillin available to German VD clin
ics and vice squads went into action
m all major troop areas, picking up
(SreTblSCIPLINE, Page A-6.)
London Tensely Awaiting Blast
Of German Bomb Near Palace
By the Associated Press
LONDON, April 25.—Bomb dis
posal experts awaited tensely toda;
the expected explosion of a 1,000
pound German bomb, the mechnisn
of which suddenly came to life las
night after the half-ton of ex
plosives had lain buried for flvt
; years near Buckingham Palace.
Police, anticipating the blast a
any moment, maintained a cordor
around St. James Park and divertec
all traffic away from the dangei
area.
.iiit? meunainsm ui me uumu—
familiarly known as “Annie”
started ticking last evening afte:
it was uncovered at the bottom o
a 30-foot shaft by a disposal squac
making preparations for its removal
Maj. A. E. Smith, commanding thi
disposal squad, said the mechnisn
j might continue ticking for four days
I
j but declared that if the bomb failed
to explode by 7 p.m. Friday “we’ll
blow it up.’’
The bomb is 350 yards from Buck
ingham Palace, London residence of
King George VI. The windows of
the palace were thrown open to
i lessen the effect of a possible blast.
The King, Queen and the two prin
cesses remained at Windsor Castle,
i: where they had gone for the Easter
1 holidays. *
However, Queen Mother Mary,
accompanied by the Earl of Athlone,
former Governor-General to Canada,
and his wife, returned to Queen
' Mary’s Marlborough House resi
dence, directly across the mall from
I the buried bomb.
‘'Annie” and two other bombs fell
• on the Pall Mall side of St. James
. Park late in 1941. The others were
, removed last February.
I .
City Heads Ask
U. S. to Provide
New Penal Chief
First Step Taken
In Reorganization
Of Prison System
On the heels of their dismissal
yesterday of Howard B. Gill, the
Commissioners today disclosed
they are asking the Attorney
General to provide ‘‘a competent
individual” to assume executive
charge of the District adult penal
institutions and "to institute
any necessary reforms permitted
by law.”
The action Is the first positive
step toward .carrying out the rec-!
ommendations of a House District
subcommittee for reorganization of
the city penal administration.
Disclosure came in a letter from
Commissioner John Russell Young
to Chairman Edgar Morris of the
Board of Public Welfare advising
him of the decision to request the
penal expert from the Attorney
General. The Welfare Board earlier
announced its support of such
action.
Differs With Subcommittee.
Although seeking a penal execu
tive from the Federal Bureau of
I Prisons, Mr. Young took the posi
tion that such an individual could
not be named director of a new
department of corrections “since
no such department and no such
| directorate exists or can exist until
'authorized by law.”
This differed from the position
! taken by the Hebert Subcommittee
that a department of corrections
| could be established by agreement
' between the Commissioners and the
Welfare Board on a temporary basis
j pending permanent legislation.
As general superintendent of Dis- i
trict prisons. Mr. Young indicated,
the proposed new penologist could
“take appropriate action.”
Announcement of Mr. Gill's dis
| missal and that his suspension
I since December 6 was without pay
was made by the Commissioners
late yesterday. Mr. Gill immedi
ately announced intention to appeal
; to the Civil Service Commission on
■ the grounds that it was not until
the trial board announced its find- j
ings last Monday that he knew
specifically the charges against him
He contended he has not been given
the opportunity thus to file a writ
ten reply, as provided by civil serv
ice rules.
Board Must Keep Control.
In connection with the establish
ment of the Department of Correc
tions under the Commissioners
which the Welfare Board opposes,
Mr. Young advised Mr. Morris that
the Welfare Board "cannot, of course,J
divest itself of its executive powers
and responsibilities, in the absence
of enabling legislation.”
‘‘Until tran,” he continued, ‘‘the
board must continue to possess com
plete control over the general
! superintendent of prisons, whether
; he b£ appointed permanently or
temporarily and whether he be
borrowed from the Attorney Gen
eral or obtained from some other
source.”
If the proposed new general super -
i intendent wants to put in effect
; any new policies or procedures, the
letter continued approval of the
board will be necessary but, it was
added:
j "It is believed that the wishes of
j the Hebert Subcommittee can be
! substantially met in the immediate
! future, and pending the enactment
of new legislation, by the Board of
Public Welfare announcing as a
voluntary' policy that it will confer
with the Board of Commissioners
before taking action on proposed
! new policies or procedures affecting
j penal institutions.”
Amendment Studied.
In the meantime, the Commis
j sioners are still studying a draft of
an amendment prepared by Cor
poration Counsel Vernon E. West to
the pending welfare reorganization
bill which would establish a depart
ment of corrections of the adult
penal instittuions separate from
other institutions controlled by the
welfare department.
The pending bill is designed to
strip the administrative power of
the Welfare Board and make it
advisory to a welfare department
(See GILL. Page A-6.)
Durocher Is Acquitted
Of Assault Charge
By the Associated Press
NEW YORK, April 25.—Leo Dur
ocher, Brooklyn Dodger manager,
j today was acquitted on a charge of
second-degree assault against a 23
year-old Dodger fan.
JOsseph Moore, 50-year-old special
guard at Ebbets field and co-de
fendant with Durocher, also was
acquitted.
John Christian, a war veteran,
had said the two men beat him in
: an encounter under the grandstand
j after a Brooklyn-Philadelphia game
last June 9. Both defendants
claimed he fell.
The all-male jury was out 38 min
ytes.
Fritz Kuhn Freed in Reich;
Nazi Diplomats Complain
By the Associated Press
ASPERG, Germany, April 25.—
Fritz Kuhn, former fuehrer of the
German-American bund, rode out
to freedom this afternoon in an
■ Army truck from the giiim walls of
Hohenasperg Fortress while captive
1 German diplomats inside grumbled
at American justice.
At the end of six-and-a-half years
■ as a prisoner of the United States,
Kuhn uttered no regrets or apologies.
“Maybe I can get some privacy
, now,” he grunted to reporters and
, six Army officers who curiously
, watched him leave the hilltop in
ternment camp he had shared with
• 135 German diplomats and American
i deportees since last October.
Well dressed in a gray suit, the
[ 50-year-old-Kuhn walked from the
i fortress-like internment camp to a
: truck which took him to nearby
Ludwigsberg.
\
I
Combined Union Plans
Drive for D. C. and
Federal Employes
Group Will Consider
Proposed Constitution,
No-Strike Proviso
By Joseph Young
Star Staff Correspondent
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., April
25.—Officials of the new CIO civil
service union today revealed plans
for a drive during the coming year
to add 75.000 Federal and municipal
workers to its membership, includ
ing school teachers, firemen and
other employes of the District of
Columbia government.
The new' union, which will choose
its name today, boasts a membership
now in excess of 80,000. In an at
tempt to oarry' out its program,
which would make it the largest
civil service union in the country,
the organization plans to double its
present staff of 30 national or
ganizers.
The merger of the two groups,
formerly the United Federal Workers
tof America, and the State, County,
Municipal Workers of America, has
started the union on its way with a
! substantial financial reserve, union
leaders said. A large share of the
money will be used to increase the
staff of organizers, who will con
| centrate on the Washington and
key municipalities throughout the
• Nation.
acnool I'ersonnel Added.
Before the amalgamation. SCMWA
had approximately 50.000 members,
while UFWA had about 30,000.
UFWA had the smallest member
ship among the three major Federal
employes’ unions. It had only about
12 organizers while SCMWA had 18.
UFWA recently turned its at
tention to District of Columbia em
ployes. and its officers told the con
vention yesterday that it has signed
up about 600 employes in the Dis
trict school system within the last
three months. Other District gov
ernment employes are members of
the union, but officials concede it is
"a negligible number." They said
they expected to make definite in
roads during the next year.
While the District government
workers will come in for their share
of attention, union leaders empha
sized an intensive campaign will be
waged to sign up employes in the
various Federal agencies. The
union’s key organizers will be as
signed to this job, it was said.
Meanwhile, the convention awaited
i the speech this afternoon of Philip
Murray, president of the CIO. Mr.
Murray is expected to outline what
aid the CIO will give the new com
bined union.
To Consider Constitution.
The convention was also expected
today to start discussion on the
proposed constitution drawn up by
its Executive Committee. One of the
proposed provisions contains the
statement that “it shall not be the
policy of this organization to en
gage in strikes as a means of achiev
ing its objectives.'’ This was one of
the features of UFWA’s constitution.
However, the new constitution con
tains a clause which might con
ceivably leave the door open for
strike action, although this is con
sidered unlikely ever to happen.
The "loophole" clause states that
(See UNION, Page A-6J
Drought Is Eased
By Light Rainfall
Cool, rainy weather today and
intermittent showers tonight will
greatly benefit plow lands and crops,
Weather Bureau officials said today,
but warned the .63 of an inch of rain
which fell since 7:30 o'clock last
night was only a start toward break
ing the drought. Clearing and some
what warmer is the forecast for
tomorrow.
I. E. Oswald, assistant director of
the University of Maryland Ex
tension Service, said the drought
had held up plowing to some extent
but as yet has not seriously affected
crops.
ui course, lie auueu, uie ram
is welcome and will benefit the
hay and potato crops, but we had
not yet gotten to a point where
crops were suffering beyond re
demption.”
Weather Bureau officials preferred
not to predict the total rainfall
during the remainder of today.
Highest temperatures are expected
to %>e in the 60s, with lows tonight
in the middle 50s.
I
Woman Stowaway
Is Found in Mailbag
Addressed to Smuts
By the Associated Press
CAPETOWN. South Africa,
April 25.—A woman stowaway
was found in a mailbag ad
dressed to "J. C. Smuts, Lon
don,” shortly before a mail
plane took off from Palmiet
fontein Airport, Germiston. for
London today.
Seventy-five-year-old Field
Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts,
South African Prime Minister,
is now in Egypt en route to
London for the Empire Prime
Minsiters' Conference.
The woman said she was
going to London “for medical
treatment” and admitted her
arrival there would "probably
have occasioned surprise” for
the field marshal.
VA Office Hopes Rise
As War Department
Speeds Moving Units
Series of Transfers
Needed to Provide
Space for Agency
By Miriam Ottenberg
The War Department has
agreed to step up its movement
| of units out of the Munitions
Building to start the long-de
layed chain of moves designed to
get the Washington regional
office of the Veterans’ Adminis
tration into 1825 H street N.W .
it was learned today.
In addition to speeding long-pro
i jected moves by several weeks, a
War Department spokesman dis
closed, the War Department has
also agreed to rearrange its moving
plans so that a large block of space
can be made available at one time
instead of small blocks throughout
the huge building.
Under the latest agreement, the
War Department has promised to
evacuate the space by June 1.
central umce to Move.
Net effect of the agreement is that
the part of the central office of the
Veterans' Administration which is
now in Temporary Building E will
be able to get out of that structure
and into the Munitions Building in
! the critical block of space cleared
by the War Department.
When the Veterans’ Administra
tion moves out of Temporary Build
ing E, the National Housing Agency
and the Civilian production Admin
istration will move in, according to
present plans.
Space cleared by these two agen
cies in the Social Security Building
then will be occupied by the Social
Security Board, which has been un
able to get out of 1825 H street
because its own building was occu
pied.
When the Social Security Board
starts moving out of 1825 H street
VA’s Washington regional office will
start moving in. The H street struc
ture was promised to the regional
(See BUILDINgTPage A-67)
President Returns
To Attend Funeral
Of Justice Stone
Services at Cathedral
Will Be Simple; 2,000
Expected to Attend
President Truman leads the
Nation today in paying final re
spects to Chief Justice Harlan
Fiske Stone.
Rites for the famed jurist who
collapsed on the Supreme Court
bench Monday and died in early
evening, are being held at Wash
ington Cathedral at 2 p.m. Burial
will be private in Rock Creek
Cemetery.
Mr. Truman, interrupting a brief
j vacation cruise aboard the yacht
Williamsburg in Chesapeake Bay,
arrived here by automobile from
Quantico shortly before 1 p.m. He
w’ent to the White House for lunch
and to pick up Mrs. Truman and
Miss Margaret Truman to go to the
Cathedral. There they will occupy
the front pew, just ahead of the
family.
Rites Will Be Simple.
Cathedral authorities arranged to
handle a crowd of 2.000. The rites
wtll be simple.
An old friend of the Stone family,
the Rev. Fleming James. Sewanee,
Tenn, came here to conduct the
brief Episcopal Church ceremony.
Dr James, who is dean of the School
of Theology of the University of the
South, will be assisted by the Right
Rev. Angus Dun. Bishop of Wash
ington. and the Very Rev. John W.
Suter, dean of the Cathedral.
There will be no sermon or eulogy.
Honorary pallbears are the asso
ciate justices of the Supreme Court
and the three retired members—
Chief Justice Hughes and Justices
McReynolds and Roberts. The only
absent member of the court will be
Justice Jackson, who is in Germany
on the war crimes trial.
Representatives from the Senate
and House, lower courts, bar asso
ciations and other groups are join
: ing in the last tribute.
Majority Leader Barkley repre
sents the Senate with Senator Mc
Carran. Democrat, of Nevada, chair
man of the Judiciary Committee,
and Senators Wagner, Democrat,
New York, and White, Maine: Wiley,
(See STONE. Page~A-67>
Truscott is Taken III
With Heart Condition
By the Associated Press
HEIDELBERG. April 25. — Lt.
Gen. Lucian K. Truscott has been
taken ill with a heart condition and
is confined to quarters. Gen. Trus
cott commands the United States
3d Army.
On doctors orders. Gen. Truscott
Ls taking an extended rest from his
3d Army duties. This Army recently
took over the occupation duties of
the entire American zone of Ger
many.
Lt. Col. W. J. Reedy, 3d Armv
chief surgeon, said Gen. Truscott
developed the cardiac condition
following a respiratory attack.
“The cardiac condition requires
rest and quiet for several weeks,”
I the announcement said.
Daylight Time Shifts Elsewhere
To Affect D. C. Area Slightly
Washingtonians will get their nor
mal sleep Sunday morning while
residents of most other large cities
will be up an hour earlier.
Daylight saving time will go into
effect at 2 am. Sunday in six
States and numerous points in 18
I others. Maryland and Virginia will
remain on Eastern standard time.
Railroads and airlines will con
tinue on standard time, and there
will be few changes in departures
from Washington. Thus the Penn
sylvania Railroad's Congressional
will leave at 4 o’clock as usual, but
will arrive in New York not at 7:33
pm. but at 8:33 (daylight saving
time). The popular Eastern Airlines
6:50 a.m. flight to New York will
arrive at 9:19 am. (DST) at La
Guardia Airport.
Only change in schedule out of
Union Station will be the Boston
trains, which will leave an hour
earlier to make New England con
nections.
uvguumig *v*wAiwC4j Uiutliilig, an
the New York Stock Exchange brok
ers’ offices in Washington will go on
daylight time and open at 9 o’clock
instead of 10 and close at 2 o’clock,
an hour earlier. In prewar days the
summer schedule was very popular
with both brokers and customers.
I
While market quotations start over
the ticker tape at 9, the offices
actually are open much earlier.
The change will come most strik
ingly to Washingtoijjans when many
of their favorite radio programs
will go in an hour earlier. Thus the
Quiz Kids on ABC-WMAL will in
trude their erudition on the dinner
hour by barging in at 6:30 p.m.
Sunday instead of 7:30 and Charlie
McCarthy will be on NBC-WRC at
7 p.m.
xxic iL.au di uaucfcusimg nei
work programs (WMAL) will go on
an hour earlier only on Saturday
evening and all day Sunday. NBC
CBS and Mutual network programs
will go on the air an hour earlier
all week. However some morning
“soap operas" will be recorded and
broadcast later so as not to inter
fere with popular local news broad
casts and rise-and-shine programs
such as Arthur Godfrey’s on WTOP
“It's a headache,” said one pro
gram director. "I’ve been working
on the schedule for three months
and I haven't got it ready yet.”
Daylight saving time was the idea
of an Englishman and got its great
est impetus during the World Wai
by putting people to bed and getting
them up an hour earlier to save
power, light and fuel.
i
4
t
Big 4 Ministers
Begin Paris Talk
To Speed Pacts
Conference Seeks to
Prepare Treaties
Terminating War
By th« Associated Press
PARIS, April 25. — Foreign
Ministers of the United States,
Russia, Great Britain and France
met today in Luxembourg Pal
ace to prepare European treaties
to end the greatest war in his
tory.
Secretary of State Byrnes was the
first of the visiting Ministers to
enter the palace where the four
leading powers will attempt to iron
out differences which had blocked
efforts to draft peace treaties for
Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria
and Finland.
It was Mr. Byrnes who suggested
the conference be convened to solve
problems which have deadlocked a
Council of Deputy Foreign Ministers
in London for months and caused a
postponement of the scheduled May
1 European Peace Conference.
George Bidault, French foreign
minister and host, was there to meet
his American colleague. Mr. Bidault
had driven through streets lined
with crowds to the palace where
gaily-uniformed Republican guards
men snapped to attention, present
ing arms.
Foreign Commissar V. M. Molotov
of Russia arrived almost immediate
ly after Mr. Byrnes.
Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin of
Great Britain waved to the crowd
and entered the palace last.
The crowd which jammed*the
streets, nearby balconies and roof
tops gave no demonstration.
Palace Flag-Bedecked.
The conference began shortly
after the scheduled 4 p.m. (11 am.,
EST i exactly on the first anni
versary of President Truman's
| speech to the San Francisco Con
ference which drafted the United
Nations charter.
Luxembourg Palace was decorated
with flags of the four nations ana
! surrounded by hundreds of police
i men who kept the square before
I-the building cleared.
The ministers, accompanied by
| their assistants, left the automo
biles in the palace courtyard and
i went immediately up the red-car
peted stairway to the conference
! room in the Salon Victor Hugo.
They made no statement prior to
settling down to their task of deal
ing with vanquished European na
tions.
Diplomatic observers in Paris and
i other parts of the world eyed the
conference closely for clues as to
whether the Big Four would be able
to work out compromises in the
spirit of the United Nations or
whether disagreements would pro
mote another era of power politics
and spheres of influence.
Italy Biggest Problem.
The deputies have been able to
compromise few of the disputed
] fundamental issues in their six
months of discussions, but diplo
matic sources said their work served
| to ‘‘clear away the underbrush” of
detail and point up differences for
decision by their chiefs.
Tire greatest difficulty facing the
foreign ministers was expected in
reaching an agreement on the treaty
to end Italy's nearly three years of
"hand-to-mouth” existence.
The four powers are divided over
Russian reparation demands on
Italy, on Russia's desire for control
of Tripolitania. and on Soviet de
mands for bases in the Dodecanese.
One of the thorniest problems,
however, apparently had been set
tled with announcement of a virtual
accord on the touchy problem of the
Italian-Yugoslav border in Venezia
Giulia.
It was believed that a four-power
boundary commission w'hich made
an on-the-spot study of the latter
problem would have its report, with
or without recommendations, ready
for submission to the Ministers by
Saturday or Monday.
Balkan Treaties Wait.
The Ministers are not scheduled
to discuss treaties for Bulgaria,
Romania, Hungary and Finland un
til after the Italian problems have
been disposed of. Only Britain and
i Russia will discuss the Finnish
treaty and France will not partici
pate in discussions of the other
three.
One diplomatic source said it was
entirely possible that the Italian
discussions might open the way to
a general study of the Mediter
ranean. including the status of the
Strait oi Gibraltar and the Dar
danelles.
At the request of France, French
demands of internationalization of
the Ruhr and detachment of the
Rhineland from Germany have been
placed on the agenda. Mr. Bidault
declared that Germany was the
“key to peace.”
“If we can agree on Germany,'*
■ he told correspondents, “we can
agree on other things in the world.
If we cannot agree on Germany wa
shall not be able to agree on any
thing else.”
The United States asked for elabo
1 ration of a treaty with Austria to
■ “regularize” that central European
’ country's status.
Russian Delegation in Paris
Is Prepared for Long Stay
MOSCOW, April 25 (£»).—'The
Russian delegation to the Foreign
Ministers’ Conference in Paris is
(See CONFERENCETPage A-2~
Ball Game Postponed;
Pitcher Ortiz Released
The scheduled baseball game be
tween Washington and Philadelphia
today at Griffith Stadium was post
poned because of rain. Manager
Ossie Bluege of the Nats announced
Pitcher Sid Hudson will face New
York tomorrow when the Yankees
invade for the opener of a three
game series.
Release of Pitcher Oliverio Ortia
to Chattanooga, Washington farm
club, was announced by President
Clark Griffith.
\