Evening star. [volume], May 18, 1946, Page A-2, Image 2

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Boards Start Seeking
Men 26 Through 29
For Military Service
By th» Associated Press
Selective service boards began
culling their lists of childless
men, 26 through 29 years old, to
day to meet the service man
power pinch resulting from a
congressional ban on teen-age
inductions.
Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, the
selective service director, told the
boards to call up for pre-induction
physical examinations men in the
late-20 bracket who "may qualify
for military service under existing
physical and occupational stand
ards.”
He directed that men who have
been discharged from the armed
forces and any with “manifest”
physical disabilities be exempted
from the call. The others may be
classified 1-A unless they can obtain
occupational deferment.
President Truman excused men in
the 26-29 age bracket from the draft
last August 14, but issued a new'
order tw!o days ago making them
eligible again after Congress ex
cluded the 18 and 19-year-olds in
a stopgap bill extending selective
service to July 1.
The War Department estimates1
there are only about 15,000 eligibles
in the older age bracket.
On Capitol Hill, Chairman
Thomas of the Senate Military Af
fairs Committee planned to try for
unanimous Senate approval of a
committee bill providine a one-year
draft extension with lb and 19 year
olds eligible, increases in pay for
enlisted men and discharge of fa
thers or men with 18 months’ or
more sendee on request.
If Senator Thomas could obtain
passage by unanimous consent, con
ferences could be opened immedi
ately to reconcile the Senate bill
wdth one passed in the House. The
House version directed a moratorium
in inductions from May 15 to Octo
ber 15, exempted teen-agers and ex
tended the act nine months.
Senator Hill. Democrat, of Ala
bama, the Democratic whip, had
another plan. He hoped to persuade
the Senate to lay aside antistrike
legislation next week and debate
the draft. He said he was confident
members would approve a one-year
extension and induction of youths
18 and 19.
Dutch Cabinet Resigns
On Catholic Victory
By the *s»ocioted
AMSTERDAM, May 18. — Tire
Dutch cabinet tendered its resig
nation to Queen Wilhelmina today
as final returns showed Premier
William Schermerhorn's Socialist
party of labor ran second to the
middle-of-the-road Catholic party
in parliamentary elections yester
day.
According to traditional procedure,
the Queen requested the outgoing
cabinet to serve until a new gov
ernment was formed.
The Catholic party scored a nar
row victory over the Labor party
by gaining 30.8 per cent of the
more than 4,750,000 votes cast. Rep
resentatives were chosen in the
election for the lower house of
Parliament.
The Catholics received 1,466,510
votes and won 32 of the 100 seats
in Parliament, compared with 1,347.
664 votes and 29 seats for the
Laborites.
The Labor total of 28.3 per cent
was disheartening to followers of
William Schermerhorn, Laborite
Prime Minister, who had expected
to win between 35 and 37 seats.
Calvinists won 13 seats, Com
munists, 10; Protestants (Christian -
Historian party), 8; Conservatives
(party of ^eedom), 6, and the Prot
estant Union, 2.
The balloting was the first gen
eral election here since 1937.
The Communist party, which
polled only 3.35 per cent of the
1937 total, received 502,935 ballots
yesterday, or 10.57 per cent. Thirty
per cent of the Amsterdam and 18.3
per cent of the Rotterdam votes
were Communist.
Ex*Army Officer Blamed
For Aborfive Cuban Coup
By the Associated Press
HAVANA, May 18.—An unidenti
fied ex-Army officer was blamed by
Cuban officials today for an unsuc
cessful plot to seize Camp Columbia,
Army headquarters near Havana,
early yesterday.
President Ramon Grau San Mar
tin said last night in an interview
that the plot was “completely frus
trated by the vigilance of the armed
forces, who remain in full control of
the nation’s security.”
Residents near the camp reported
hearing sporadic gun fire shortly
after 2 a.m. yesterday and continu
ing for about 30 minutes.
President Grau said no casualties
were reported officially and that no
arrests had been made.
MIAMI, Fla., May 18 (/P).—Pas
sengers arriving by Pan American
planes from Havana yesterday aft
ernoon said everything was quiet
after heavy shooting early yesterday
at Camp Columbia.
A native of Cuba said there was
“absolutely no military activity in
Havana” when he left about 2 p.m.
yesterday.
Arlington Man Weds
British Girl in Berlin
By the Associated Press
BERLIN, May 18.—Corpl. Richard
Howell, 2405 Lee Boulevard, Arling
ton, Va., son of Mr. and Mrs. Odie
E. Howell, sr., today married Olive
Margaret Stevenson of Manchester,
England, a sergeant in the British
Auxiliary Territorial Service.
The Protestant ceremony was per
formed by an American Army chap
lain in a suburban church.
Howell, who has been overseas for
15 months, met his bride in Berlin.
The couple will fly to England next
week on a honeymoon.
4-Power Group Named
To Tour Reich Zones
By the Associated Press
BERLIN, May 13.—Members of the
Allied Control Council's Co-ordinat
ing Committee have appointed their
deputies as a four-power disarma
ment commissoin to visit each of the
four zones of Germany to inspect the
progress of German disarmament.
The commission, appointed last
night on the suggestion of Secretary
of State Bytnes, includes Maj. Gen.
C. L. Adcock of the American Army.
REHEARSAL FOR ATOMIC j
EXPLOSION—W a t e r plume j
spouts in the shallow waters
of the Patuxent River as
scientists prepare for the un
derwater atomic bomb tests
at Bikini Atoll. (Story on
Page A-l.i —Joint Army-Navy
Task Force Photograph.
Shippen
(Continued From First Page.* j
concern was felt that vibration or!
air blast might blow out windows!
in the shore installations.
Earlier experiments, however, in
dicated otherwise, and Prof. J. W.
Johnson, on loan to the Navy from
the University of California's me
chanical engineering department,
was allowed to proceed.
It was learned that relatively shal
low' water muffles the blast effect
of shock w'aves above the surface.
The tests exploded another theory.
At first it was believed the sub
surface explosion at Bikini would
blow a huge hole in the lagoon, i
and that water rushing back to
fill this hole would collide in »he
center with force enough to shoot a
column thousands of feet into the
sky.
Now it seems likely this secondary
reaction will be much smaller thgn
that resulting directly from the blast,
which is expected to lift at least a
million tons of water into the air.
The height of the plume of wrater!
and steam may reach 20,000 feet or
more, but it wall be limited by air |
resistance acting against the up-1
ward velocity of moisture particles,!
it was said.
Small Waves Produced.
The model tests, wfflile leaving!
the height of the water column at!
Bikini in doubt, probably will give!
an accurate indication of water dis-!
placement and wave motion result
ing from the atomic explosion.
Waves only a few inches high
were stirred up by 1,000 pounds of
TNT, and those at Bikini probably ,
will be no more than 7 or 8 feet
high, oceanographers say, when:
they hit nearby beaches on the sur
rounding coral reef.
Somewhat similar experiments
have been run at the Navy station
for testing model ships at nearby
Carderock, Md. Here two-foot scale
models of Victory ships have been
subjected to air, surface and sub
surface blasts to forecast the be
havior of cargo vessels under atomic
attack.
Baseball
(Continued From First Page.)
schedule to break down, and we
don’t want that to happen now.”
Other big league owners appeared
little concerned over the strike, al
though all teams are scheduled to
shift opponents following today’s
contests.
Connie Mack, manager of the
Philadelphia Athletics, said has club
intended to move from Detroit to
St. Louis by rail “because they told
us they would take care of us.”
The New York Yankees, who must
move from Chicago to Cleveland,
will go by air.
Bill McKechnie, manager of the
Cincinnati Reds, said he was not
worried “as the players can walk
from Piladelphia to the ball park in
Brooklyn between the time our Sat
urday game ends and before the
Sunday contest starts.”
William Benswanger, president of
the Pittsburgh Pirates, had no rea
son for concern. The Pirates are
ticketed for Brooklyn today and the
New York Polo Grounds tomorrow
Either park is a relatively short sub
way ride from the club's mid-New
York hotel.
___
Television Stations Approved
The Communications Commis
sion yesterday authorized operation
of new commercial television sta
tions by the A. S. Abell Co., at
Baltimore, and Havens & Martin,
Inc., at Richmond.
FIGHT FAMINE—Send check
and cash donations to Wash
ington Food Conservation
Committee, Room 507, District
Building, Washington, D. C.
ft
800 Million Face
Famine, Hoover Says
In Appeal for Food
By the Associated Press
CHICAGO, May 18.—More than
one-third of the people of the
world are faced with the “grim
mest specter of famine in all the
history of the world,” Herbert
Hoover said last night in a Na
tion-wide appeal for greater
voluntary self-denial to provide
food for the famine areas.
Reporting in a Nation-wide broad
cast on his 35,000-mile tour through
25 countries, the former President
warned that in most of the hunger
ridden areas covered in this global
food survey only a 30-day food sup
ply existed.
"Hunger hangs over the homes of
more than 800,000,000 people—over
one-third of the people of the
earth,” Mr. Hoover declared, adding,
"We can save these people from the
worst if we will.” "
Needs Are Cited.
He said the global food study in
dicated that bj paring the needs
of hungry nations to a minimum
there is a “gap" of 3,600,000 tons
between needs and exportable sup
plies of breadstuffs.
Mr. Hoover did not discuss ration
ing of food, but he proposed two
methods: Still more intensive con
servation of breadstuffs and fats in
North America and the marketing
of every grain of cereal on farms.
Mr. Hoover warned that unless
more food is shipped to the war
ravaged countries, millions will be
condemned to a diet like that of
prisoners in the Nazi concentration
camps at Buchenwald and Belsen.
The first applause during his ad
dress came when he asserted, “We
do not want the American flag fly
ing over nation-wide Buchenwalds,
therefore we include the enemy
countries in our relief."
“Let me say that to keep 500,000
American boys in garrison among
starving women and children is un
thinkable. It is impossible be
cause, being Americans, they will
share their own rations with hun
gry children; it is impossible be
cause hunger brings the total de
struction of all morals; it is impos
sible because of the danger to
American boys of sweeping infec
tious diseases, which rise with
famine.
"It is unthinkable because we do
not want our boys machine-gunning
famished rioters.”
Anderson Lauds Hoover.
Secretary of Agriculture Ander
son, after lauding the former Presi
dent as “a great humanitarian who
twice before assumed world leader
ship in time of famine,” said that
“farmers this week are bringing
their grain at the rate of 4,500,000
bushels daily.
Earlier, Secretary Anderson said
in a press conference, “We are not
now contemplating consumer ra
tioning” and that he expected Latin
American and Russian aid to pre
vent world famine.
Secretary Anderson declared that
he was “not too worried" about a
miller spokesman’s prediction that
94 per cent of the Nation’s flour
mills would be shut down by June 4
because of lack of wheat to process.
He said, “The mills are allowed to
mill up to 75 per cent of normal,”
and instead of any consumer ration
ing, industry rationing probably
would accomplish the equivalent.
“On this journey I have seen much
which I could criticize as to the
management of the famine relief,”
Mr. Hoover said. “I criticized
such matters to many officials
in the world frankly. I could
criticize them bitterly. But, after
every boiling of inward indig
nation at men and at nations, I
come back again and again to the
fact that millions are in grave
danger of starvation.
Hunger Lurks in Figures.
In appraising the world situation
I could give you reams of figures of
rations, of calories, or tons of this
and that, for every country and each
district. I could give you their
stocks of food on hand, in transit,
and the further need of each famine
area. I could give it by the month,
or for the crisis. I could give the
time required for ship transport,
with details of port, railroad and
truck capacities for distribution.
This sort of detailed information
would convey little to you, but it is
full of meaning in the lives of men,
women and children to my col
leagues and myself. For in these
figures lurks the certainty of hunger
to hundreds of millions, and even
the spttter of mass starvation be
fore ttffe crisis is passed. Rather
than such details, time requires that
I give you a global picture, in the
hope that it will convey to you the
gravity of the situation and the need
for our utmost further effort.
“I have said before that calories
are the yardstick of hunger, of star
vation, of famine and finally death.
And I may remind you that an aver
age of 2,200 calories per person per
day is the minimufti in a nation for
healthy human beings. And do re
member that we Americans, the
British, the Canadians, the Aus
tralians, the Swedes, the Argentin
ians and most of the Western Hemi
sphere are consuming over 2,900 cal
ories per day right now.
Caloric Yardstick.
“If these 800,000,000 people should
receive no more relief, and if we as
sume that their own remaining re
sources could be evenly distributed,
which they could not, the measure of
their hunger with the caloric yard
stick is about as follows:
“About 100,000,000 people would be
reduced to the 2,000-calory level.
“About 100,000,000 more people
would be reduced to an 1,800-calory
level.
About 150,000,000 more would be
reduced to a 1,500-calory level.
“About 150,000,000 more would be
reduced to a 1,200-calory level.
“About 300,000,000 more would be
reduced to a 900-calory level, or be
low—and that is slow death.
“As we descend this scale, we move
step by step from the stage of hun
ger to the stage of disease and epi
demics, to the state of public dis
order, to the stage of starvation of
all but the strongest, and, finally, at
less than 900 calories we come to
mass starvation. The Nazis at
Buchenwald and Belsen gave almost
that amount to their prisoners. 3ut
long before a population is reduced
to these lower levels, government
would break down.
“The transcendent question is the
available overseas supplies with
which to fulfill this formula. And
I shall discuss breadstuffs only, for
they are the symbols of life and
hope. The problem of fats is no less
urgent, but I will not burden your
memories with more figures than
necessary. And in breadstuffs I in
clude all human food cereals that
are available.
“We have two sources of breadstuffs
supply for this crisis—the residues
of the 1945 harvest in the surplus
countries and the earlier part of the
4
coming harvest of 1946. The har
vest of some countries comes in
June, others as late as October, and
some supplies from the new harvest
can be available to the countries of
late harvests. If the present harvest
prospects continue favorable, relief
will come to the< world within a few
months. By September new supplies
should be available and the imme
diate crisis will ease.
Estimates of Need.
“In March last the Combined Food
Board in Washington made an esti
mate of the amount of food needed
by all the deficit nations for the first
six months of 1946, and of supplies
available from the food-surplus na
tions. These estimated of need were
based upon the requirements as
stated by the nations who must have
overseas supplies. Adding in esti
mates of the need between June and
the fall harvest, the total require
ments of cereals were listed at,
roughly, 26,000,000 tons. For the
same period supplies were estimated
at 15,000,000 tons. Thus, there was
an unbridgeable gap of 11,000,000
tons, or nearly 43 per cent. And that
would be a calory level below human
endurance. That gap of 11,000,000
tons spells death to millions.
What of the Children?
‘And what of the children in
Europe?
"This 1,500 calory bottom level is
dreadfully hard on children. It is
hard because a larger portion of the
average ration must go to heavy
workers if essential services be kept
going. While this diet, which is as
much as 85 per cent bread and the
balance a little fat, sugar and vege
tables, will pull adults through, it is
not adapted to children. Several
nations give them priority in what
little dairy supplies there are, extra
food is given in some schools; and
the charitable agencies are doing
the best they can. But in all, they
are touching only the fringe of the
problem.
"The proof of this is an annual
infant mortality rate as high as
200 per 1,000 among children
under 1 year in many cities. The
further proof is that there are
somewhere from 20 to 30 million
physically subnormal children on the
continent. After the war in 1919
1920, we gave a good extra meal a
day, of 500 or 600 calories of restora
tive food, to 10,000,000 children. I
deplore that this special aid for chil
dren has had no counterpart through
a wide-spread organization setup
after this war. Civilization marches
forward upon the feet of healthy
children. It Is not too late to stop
this most costly retreat and its
debacle of endless evil.
Some Hopes Offered.
There are some hopes of further
decreasing this gap of 3,600,000 tons.
"First: Still more intensive con
servation of breadstuffs and fats in
North America. Before I went on
this journey, we asked the Amer
ican people to reduce their con
sumption of wheat products to 2
pounds per week per person and to
cut their purchases of fats by 20 per
cent. Hundreds of thousands of
families have responded by cutting
out wheat products all together.
Public eating places in many cities
have co-operated. I regret to say
there are too many who have not
co-operated with some hungry hu
man being. I earnestly hope that
every American will remember that
an invisible guest sits with him at
every meal.
“Second: We have need that every
farmer bring every grain of cereal
to market.
"We are seeking for still further co
operation in other nations. The
Latin American states l^ve re
sponded to our appeals and to those
of Pope Pius XII for co-operation.
At President Truman's request, I
shall visit these governments to con
sult with them on measures of co
ordination of our efforts.
Each Must Do Utmost.
“If we can succeed in persuading
every man and woman, every nation
to do their utmost, we shall master
this famine. And we shall save the
lives of hundreds of millions from
the greatest jeopardy in all the his
tory of mankind. We shall have
saved infinite suffering.
"I was asked by the President to
undertake this work in a purely ad
visory capacity and with the further
journey to the Latin American
states, my service ends. The re
sponsibilities of administration of
the programs I have outlined lie
with our officials. I bespeak for
them the full support of all Ameri
cans in their efforts to meet this
terrible world crisis.
“In conclusion, do I need to rein
force this report with more urging
to do your utmost? I may repeat
again what I said three weeks ago
from Cairo: “If every source of sup
plies will do its utmost, we can pull
the world through this most dan
gerous crisis. The saving of these
human lives is far more than an
economic necessity to the recovery
of the world. It is more than the
only path to order, to stability and
to peace. Such action marks the
return of the lamp of compassion to
the earth. And that is a part of
the moral and spiritual reconstruc
tion of the world.”
Bread
(Continued From First Page.)
will be cut to 60 per cent next week,
a telephone survey revealed.
Yeast cakes—used in home baking
of bread—have gone out to the
stores In 10 per cent greater number
than normal this week, it was
learned. *"1116 housewife will never
make up the volume of yeast that
the bakeries have cut from their
orders,” the sales manager of a
yeast concern said. "We are selling
the bakeries 30 per cent less than
we formerly were.”
The manager of one bakery which
has four retail stores said that not
one loaP of a truck load of bread
got into one of the stores in a de
livery yesterday. "The women pur
chased all the bread on the side
walk as it came off the truck,” he
said.
Operations
1 (Continued From First Page.)
imately 250,000 members of the two
brotherhoods, Including yardmen,
yard masters, brakemen, flagmen,
dining car stewards, switch tenders,
baggagemen and most of the con
ductors.
A walkout by trainmen and en
gineers was expected to affect more
than 60,000 employes in the three
other “operating brotherhoods”—
the conductors, switchmen and fire
men—because of laws governing use
of complete train crews.
The strike call originally was is
sued against 348 railroads and ter
minals in the United States. The
Illinois Central and 27 small belt
and feeder lines have been exempt
from the strike. The Illinois Cen
tral went under Government super
vision months ago. "Stand-by”
agreeemnts covering the 27 smaller
roads provide that they will grant
brotherhoods any benefits resulting
from negotiations with the larger
lines. However, if the main lines
aren’t working there won’t be much
for the 27 to do.
(
Fist Fight Breaks Out
While Steelworkers
Debate Raise in Dues
By th« Associated Press
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., May 18.—
Fists flew and for 10 minutes CIO
President Philip Murray rapped for
order today at the closing session of
his United Steelworkers Convention.
The fist-fighting broke out during
debate over raising union dues from
$1 to $1.50 a month, but witnesses
said the men involved were con
cerned over matters at the Inland
Steel plant at Hammond, Ind.
The convention voted to increase
the dues to $1.50 after an organ
player struck up “Pack Up Your
Troubles” in a successful effort to
divert attention of delegates from
the altercation.
The steelworkers also approved a
recommendation calling for con
solidation of union districts. The
steelworkers now have 49 districts,
which Mr. Murray described as too
many for efficient administration.
Schwellenbach Is Speaker.
Secretary of Labor Schwellenbach
voiced approval of political action
by labor and declared unions “owe
a duty and a responsibility” to the
Nation to improve living standards,
when he addressed the convention
yesterday.
Mr. Schwellenbach spoke after the
delegates adopted a resolution call
ing on President Truman to dis
charge Civilian Production Admin
istrator Small and to repudiate his
suggestion that Congress outlaw
strikes for six months.
The Secretary of Labor told the
convention that “whenever a labor
union attempts to do something to
better the conditions of the people
of the country, that is called insidi
ous political activity.” If that were
so, Mr. Schwellenbach added, “then
I have been doing insidious things
all my life.”
Urges Fight for FEPC.
He urged the convention, and
through it, the CIO to continue
efforts to have Congress pass such
legislation as the Fair Employment
Practices Committee and the mini
mum wage bills without amend
ments.
He said:
“We live in a democracy and there
is only one medium through which
the people of this country may
speak and that is at the ballot box.
“I don’t know of any reason in
the world why the organized work
ers of America haven’t just as much
right to take an interest in the re
sults in a free election as any other
part of our population.”
Charge small With Betrayal.
The steelworkers charged Mr.
Small with “betrayal both of his
duties as civilian production admin
istrator and of his responsibilities to
the American way of life.”
Mr. Small, declaring that he spoke
only as a private citizen said in
Washington Thursday that emer
gency and temporary legislation
should be passed by Congress be
cause there was no “sign that labor
will now agree voluntarily to a holi
day from strikes or that manage-1
ment will agree to voluntary arbi-1
tration.”
The steelworkers’ resolution said:
“The record of Mr. Small as the
civilian production administrator
nas been one of a devoted and dedi
cated servant to all of those power
ful antisocial interests • • *.
“This partisan individual now has
the unmitigated effrontery to pro
pose that industry's greed for prof
its be furthered at the expense of
working people by prohibiting
strikes for six month. • *
AFL Council Also Asks
Small's Ouster From CPA
The AFL Executive Council late
yesterday urged President Truman
to oust John D. Small from his post
of civilian production administrator
as a result of his suggestion that
Congress should outlaw strikes for
six months.
“That any Government official
should so far forget himself as to
advocate the virtual enslavement of
American workers at jobs in private
industry by denying them the right
to strike against injustice is inex
cusable,” a resolution adopted by
the council stated.
"In seeking to capture headlines
by his statement,” the AFL contin
ued, “Mr. Small implied that a
strike, regardless of its merits, is
illegal or harmful. Even the anti
labor members of Congress promptly
rejected such Communist-Fascist
doctrine.
“The workers of America can no
longer have any confidence in Mr.
.Small. He should be asked to re
sign.”
AFL President William Green in
dicated that the President would be
asked personally to oust Mr. Small
at the first opportunity.
Byrnes
^Continued From First Page.)
"a distinguished part” in the con
ference and added:
“While it did not accomplish all
that we had hoped for, it made
substantial achievements which I
am sure will be helpful to the meet
ing in June.”
Senator Vandenberg, who had
been assailed by the Soviet news
paper Pravda in Moscow as the
“gravedigger” of the conference
because he publicly stated his doubts
of its success a week ago, declared
he had no comment on either the
conference or the Pravda charge,
at the moment.
Mr. Byrnes and his party were met
by French Ambassador Bonnet, Post
master General Hannegan, Under
secretary of State Dean Acheson,
Assistant Secretary of State Don
Russell and Bernard M. Baruch,
American member of the United
Nations Atomic Commission.
Mr. Byrnes came in on a plane
called the Crescent Caravan.
In saying that he would talk to
the Nation Monday night by radio,
'Mr. Byrnes did not state the time.
Weather Report
District of Columbia—Continued
warm and humid with showers and
a thunderstorm likely this afternoon
and early tonight. Lowest tempera
ture tonight near 60 degrees. To
morrow partly cloudy with little
change in temperature.
Virginia and Maryland—Thunder
showers this afternoon and eve
ning followed by partly cloudy to
night and tomorrow. Little change
in temperature.
River Report.
(From United States Engineers.)
Potomac River muddy at Harpers Ferry
and at Great Falls: Shenandoah muddy at
Harpers Ferry.
Temperature and Humidity.
(Readings at Washington National Airport.)
_ ^ Temp. Humidity
Yesterday— Degrees, per cent.
Noon- 81 83
4 p.m._ 82 66
8 p.m. _ 72 78
Midnight_ 67 90
Today—
4 a.m._ 65 95
8 a.m._ 70 81
Record Temperatures This Year,
Highest. 89, on April 23.
Lowest, 11, on January 28.
*
BARUCH GREETS BYRNES—Bernard M. Baruch (right), mem
ber of the U. N. Atomic Commission, greeting Secretary of State
Byrnes (left) on his arrival here today by plane from the Paris
Foreign Ministers’ Conference. Undersecretary of State
Acheson, a member of the welcoming party, is at center.
_ —AP Photo.
Chest Agencies Asked
To Back Hospitals'
Plea lor Tax Funds
Lee D. Butler, newly-elected pres
ident of the Washington Community
Chest, today asked Chest agencies to
help in carrying forward the recom
menaauons o I
the Metropolitan
health and hos
pital survey for
tax-s upported
services as well
as for their own
agencies.
“Unless they
are adequate, the
value of our own
services will be
lessened,’’he said.
“Nor can' we
afford to take
on or even to
supplement pub
lic agencies
Lee D. Butler.
wherever their services are known
to be inadequate.”
Officers for 1947 were elected yes
terday at the United States Chamber
of Commerce by the Board of
Trustees, which was named in April
The board added the Foster Day
Care and Counseling Association as
a new member and dropped three
Prince Georges County agencies be
cause they now are a part of the
newly formed Chest of Prince
Georges County. Left out were
Prince Georges’ Catholic Charities,
Girl Scouts and Social Service
League.
Fifty-eight member agencies wdll
receive funds in the coming year.
New applications are pending.
Other new officers are: John A.
Reilly, first vice president; Mrs.
Charles C. Glover, jr., second vice
president; Mrs. Milton W. King,
third vice president; Dr. Dorothy B
Ferebee, fourth vice president, and
John F. Victory, secretary. Chosen
memoers of the Executive Commit
tee for two-year terms were Judge
Fay Bentley, Frank R. Jelleff and
Joseph D. Kaufman.
Both the health survey and the;
Washington social survey were
financed by the Chest and the Com
munity War Fund. Mr. Butler re
ported that the social survey is
“nearly finished.”
Red Paper Destroyed
By Uniformed Greeks
By th« Associated Pr«ss
ATHENS. May 18.—The Ministry
of Public Order today said 100 uni
formed men, described as “goaded
by constant press attacks on the
army," had destroyed a Communist
newspaper plant in Volos.
The conservative morning news
paper Embros said 3,000 shots were
fired between the attackers and de
fenders of the plant, but there was
no report of casualties.
Food
(Continued From First Page.l
Duffle, chief of the UNRRA mission
to the Ukraine, said protracted
drought threatened the grain crop
there. Unless rain came within two
weeks, he added, “the effect will be
ruinous,” on the growing cereals
of Russia’s great bread basket area.
The UNRRA officials said the out
look was good until two weeks ago,
when it was estimated the crop
would be 75 per cent of the 1940
total. The drought has affected
all kinds of crops, he said, while the
livestock and poultry situation is
serious. He reported that one of
the most alarming aspects is that
there are no stockpiles of grain in
the Ukraine and little seed for all
crops.
Relief Needs Stressed.
Fresh stress, meanwhile, was laid
on the urgency of the relief situa
tion.
A joint United States-British
communique Issued here last night
reported that a 3,400,000-ton grain
deficit was now likely in the May
September period efforts to meet
requirements of needy nations.
“A risk of famine remains,” the
announcements said, despite the
best Anglo-American efforts. "Even
more energetic measures” were
called for "throughout the world”
to meet that risk.
Some diplomats detected a pos
sible veiled reference to Soviet non
participation when the communique
mentioned that the situation could
be improved “insofar as other
sources of supply can be found in
addition to those at present in
sight.”
White House Silent.
The report of Mr. Truman’s efforts
with Stalin on the food situation
brought no immediate confirmation
from the White House. However, it
was recalled the President told his
news conference Thursday that he
had been in touch with Stalin on
the subject.
The President added then that
he hoped to have something more
to say on the matter later.
Moscow in the past has been
consistently cool to all suggestions,
official or otherwise, that Russia
put the famine relief job on a Big
Three basis. While in the Par
East on his inspection tour, former
President Hoover suggested that
release of food supplies in Russian
occupied zones there would help
ease the urgent needs of some
hungry areas of Asia. There was
no Soviet reaction to the sugges
tion.
Rival Groups Go On
With 'American Day’
Plans for Tomorrow
Plans for two “I Am an American
Day" rallies in Washington tomor
row afternoon went ahead today in
the midst of charges that arrangers
of a rally in Turner’s Arena were
trying to compete with the ob
servance on the Monument Grounds.
Admiral Ernest J. King will speak
at the Sylvan Theater in ceremonies
starting at 3 p.m. The Navy will
have 60 planes flying over the
Monument. Air Group V-T4 will
appear at 3:27 p.m. and form the
letters U. S. A. Thirteen planes will
fly over at 4.50 p.m. One hundred
Boy Scouts will serve as ushers.
Harold L. Ickes, former Secretary
of the Interior and chairman of the
Citizen’s Committee of the Arts.;
Sciences and Professions, will speak
at 3 p.m. in Turner’s Arena at a
rally to promote racial democracy.
It is sponsored by the Committee for
Racial Democracy in the Nation’s
Capital.
The Rev. Dr. Francis Peek, co
chairman of the committee, will ex
plain the purpose of the rally and
answer charges leveled against its
arrangers in a radio address from
10:30 to 11 o'clock tonight over
radio Station WMAL.
In a radio address Thursday night,1
Rabbi Norman Gerstenfeld, a mem
ber'of the committee who is on the;
Sylvan Theater program, objected
to the use of his name in an adver- j
tisement asserting there would be!
“less hypocrisy” at the Turner's
Arena meeting “than at any other
meeting in town.”
The United States Marine Band
will play at Sylvan Theater. Stu
dents of George Washington Uni
versity will present a tableau in
five scenes—"Nathan Hale in an
Incident of the American Revolu
tion.'’ “Abraham Lincoln at Spring
field,” "Walter Reed in Panama.”.
"Woodrow Wilson at Paris” and
"Raising of the Flag on Iwo Jima.”
Howard University choir will sing
“This Is My Country” and “America,
the Beautiful” on the program ar
ranged by the District of Columbia
committee at the monument.
Distribution
Continued From First Page.)
consumer demand for gasoline. It
was pointed out that a pronounced
rise in auto travel and trucking was
a virtual certainty.
District Better Off.
The distributors said Washington
might be in a slightly better posi
tion than some other metropolitan
centers, however. They explained
that much of Washington’s gasoline
arrives by truck and barge.
Availability of gasoline here is in
fluenced quickly by supply difficul
ties, since few distributors maintain
large reserves.
Gasoline for this area comes
! largely by motor transport from
large refining centers at Baltimore
and Philadelphia and those in turn
obtain their supply by coastal tank
ers or pipe lines, an official of the
Independent Petroleum Association
of America said here today.
Fuel oil distribution, however,
would be seriously curtailed by a
long railroad strike, he declared. A
large part of the oil used for heating
purposes in Washington is brought
in by tank car. There is no present
problem on fuel for homes but in
dustries and utilities which depend
on such oil to any great extent
would have their supplies curtailed
by a rail strike, he explained.
The United Petroleum Products
Office here reported that it expects
no immediate difficulty. The com
pany obtains gasoline, fuel oil, kero
sene and other products by trucks
and ultimately from tankers.
Truckers Supply Sun Oil.
Sun Oil Co. officials said they
obtain their local area supply by
truck from Baltimore where most
of it comes by tankers.
A railroad strike would affect the
Gulf Oil Co. here by tying up the
five tankcars it ordinarily receives
weekly with a total of 50,000 gallons
of solvent oil and high octane gaso
line. The company’s plant at the
foot of South Capitol street, how
ever, receives practically all of its
fuel oil and gasoline by barge, an
official said.
The Texas Co. distributing plant i
in this area obtains most of its
approximately 3,000,000 gallons of
gasoline a month by barge or truck
and would not be greatly affected by
a railroad strike unless it continued
for some time, an official said. The
local establishment brings in most
of its oil from Norfolk by barge and
trucks in most of its gasoline from
the Baltimore center, h% explained.
A prolonger railroad strike, he
added, probably would affect gaso
line distribution here because of the
heavier demands on motor transport.
His company depends largely on
daily truck and barge shipments and
maintains comparatively small re
serves, he said.
The Sinclair Refining Co. here
receives most of its oil by pipe line
direct to the plant or by truck, a
spokesman said. He anticipated no
effect on his company’s supply in
this area but declared “we will be
seriously affected in other areas in
this part of the country."
t i
Funds for Checking
Black Markets Vital,
Bowles Warns Public
By th« Associated Press
Stabilization Director Bowles
said today even a “really effec
tive” price control act is no guar
antee against inflation unless
Congress provides “adequate
funds” to fight black markets
and administer the law.
In addition, Mr. Bowles said,
“we’ll need the co-operation of
all groups in the country—farmers,
businessmen, workers and house
wives.”
“Until we get through these diffi
cult months,” he said in a radio
address over American Broadcast
ing System, “well have to restrain
a natural tendency to try and catch
up with every little advantage the
other fellow may seem to have.”
Wants Subsidies Retained.
Mr. Bowles expressed these views
with respect to prices in the months
ahead:
Pood—“If we get good harvests
this summer, I think our food sup
ply—and therefore food prices—
can be kept roughly where they
are today. That is, of course, if
we get from Congress authority to
continue subsidies at least through
the critical period.”
Clothing— If we can keep cloth
ing production moving up rapidly
during the next six months, I think
you’ll see a lot more better quality
garments in the stores at prices
within your reach.” \
Rents—“I don’t see any reason
why rents should go up at all. But
let me emphasize that this depends
on the kind of price and rent con
trol law Congress passes within the
next few weeks.”
Few Increases Allowed.
As for prices since last February,
when the new wage-price policy
went into effect, Mr. Bowles said
‘‘we have had to allow some in
creases, particularly on automobiles
and various kinds of household ap
pliances.”
Wage increases, he declared, had
to be allowed to cushion partially
the “shock” of a cut of almost one
third in the take-home pay of
"thousands of workers.”
Mr. Bowles said that even with
these wage increases the average
worker’s pay check “is still around
15 per cent smaller than it was
during the war.”
Vatican Soup Kitchens
Give 59,000,000 Meals
By th« Associated Press
VATICAN CITY, May 18.—The
pontifical assistance commission to
day said Vatican soup kitchens
throughout Italy have distributed
59.000. 000 meals valued at 350,000,000
lire (approximately $3,500,000) since
June 6, 1944.
The Holy See contributed 270,000,
000 lire toward the cost, while the
government made up the remaining
80.000. 000.
Siam Group to Come Here
BANGKOK, May 18 (IP).—Siam
will send a delegation to Washing
ton for food conferences expected
to begin there May 21, an official
announcement said today.
Strike Control
(Continued From First Page.)
who appeared to despair already of
getting these through.
Senator Howkes, Republican, of
New Jersey told newsmen he doubts
any “really effective” bill will be en
acted at this time, and Senator Rob
ertson, Republican, of Wyoming
looked for no “constructive” legis
lation because of labor’s opposition.
In other developments yesterday:
Senator Wiley, Republican, of Wis
consin offered an amendment which
would require compulsory arbitra
tion of strikes involving public util
ities.
Senator Overton. Democrat, of
Louisiana advocated formation of
a consumers' league to protect the
interests of the vast buying public.
“The way to fight organized labor is
to use the tactics they use—to or
ganize,” he said.
Senator Kilgore, Democrat, of
West Virginia proposed legislation
giving the Federal Bureau of Mines
authority to enforce safety regula
tions in the coal indursty. He ex
plained that the bureau now has
power to inspect mines, but no au
thority to require that its safety
standards be met.
Coal
(Continued From First Page.i
fund, improved mine safety condi
tions and other demands.
The council adopted a resolution
in a meeting here yesterday pledg
ing support of the "federation’s 7,
000,000 members to the miners “until
victory is won.” AFL President
William Green said the big labor
organization would extend help
‘morally, financially or politically’’
whenever the mine workers asked
for it.
The current United Mine Work
ers’ Journal asserted Mr. O’Neill had
told President Truman May 10 the
owners would accept the levy in
principle, but that later they made
“a complete repudiation of Mr,
O’Neill’s White House promise.”
Mr. Truman, having canceled
plans to make a flying weed-end
visit to his mother’s home in Inde
pendence, Mo., remained in the Cap
ital. However, Press Secretary
Charles G. Ross said only that “any
thing could happen at any time" and
that he did not know whether the
President would call Mr. O’Neill and
Mr. Lewis to see him again.
Mr. Truman asked both to stand
by after they turned down Thurs
day his proposal that the dispute be
arbitrated.
Bakers
(Continued From First Page.)
hours has cut bakers’ take-home pay
by $20 to $35 a week.
“We’ve got to wake up somebody
here,” he said.
He blamed the Commissioners for
not changing a Washington ordi
nance to allow bakeries to make a
smaller loaf.
“Now it’s too late,” he said. The
union’s two-year contract has a year
to run, he said, but it contains a
reopening clause. He said that the
union notified employers two weeks
ago they wished to reopen the con
tract “but they said there’s nothing
to negotiate—they didn’t have the
flour to keep the men working.”
Mr. McClosky said that about 20
journeymen bakers are out of work
and that 200 returned servicemen
who are bakers are jobless.
“We’re not complaining about
feeding famine countries,” he said,
“but if the Government’s ordera
(limiting milling of flour) are going
to close us up, we might as well beat
them to it.”
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