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Weather Forecast Guide for Readers Mostly cloudy, high in upper 70s today. Some- p p what warmer tonight, tomorrow; one or two showers likely tomorrow. Amusements. A-18 Obituary. A-12 Temperatures today—High, 75, at 1:04 p.m.; Editorials. A-10 Society.B-3 low, 52, at 5:06 a.m. Yesterday—High, 76, Edit'iaU Articles A-ll Sports_ A-15-17 at 2:10 p.m.: low, 51, at 4:42 a.m. Finance _._.A-19 Where to Go... B-ll __(Fun Report on P»gc A-12.)_ Lost an(j pound A-3 Woman’s Page A-14 -Closing New York Markets, Page A-19,_ _ An Assorted Press Newspaper 94th YEAR. No. 37,274. Phone NA. 5000. ^^H^t«Te•nDs>^^,Ady.8us,i<1So, 5 CENTS STEEL PUNTS CLOSING, MAIL EMBARGO ON; TRUMAN CALLS NEW RAIL STRIKE PARLEY — * .A. A_ Shortages Tie Up All Except One ot Bethlehem Mills U. S. Steel Expects 275,000 Will Be Idle by Monday By the Associated Press NEW YORK, May 24.—Swiftly moving paralysis hit large seg ments of the Nation’s steel in dustry today, with the world’s largest steel producer preparing for & complete shutdown by Monday if the rail strike con tinues. The second biggest steel company, Bethlehem, reported all of its steel making operations already had been shut down with the exception of a plant at Johnstown. Pa., where sev aral open hearths continued to 'op erate. A spokesman for the United States Steel Corp. said 275,000 work ers in its various operations would be Idle by Monday if the double impact of the rail tieup and the coal shortage continued. Only maintenance crews would be kept oij. The Bethlehem Steel Co. closing at Bethlehem, Pa., made 6,000 more workers idle. Bethlehem's Lackawanna plant halted all steel and iron production completely and kept only a single battery of coke ovens in operation. Another Halts Sunday. At Tonawanda, N. Y., the Wick wire Spencer division of the Col orado Fuel & Iron Co. planned to halt all production on Sunday be cause of inability to get shipments out of the plant. Its blast furnace operations thereafter would be turned to foundry iron instead of basic iron for steelmaking. Republic Steel reported from Cleveland that it was continuing operations there for the present, tfut could make no forecast as to how long this would continue. At Buf falo, N. Y., Republic withdrew one of Its seven hearths from service. The Ore and Coal Exchange in Cleveland reported that all ore and coal fleets on the Great Lakes were preparing to tie up their vessels be cause of the rail strike and would have them at moorings within 48 hours. 218 Were in Commission. Of the 218 vessels in commission, the exchange estimated 65 to 70 per cent were in operation when the rail strike began, having resumed their runs under the coal truce. Two weeeks ago they were laid up by the fuel shortage. Pittsburgh Steamship Co., United States Steel subsidiary which op erates 62 vessels, largest inland fleet in the W'orld, announced orders had gone out to tieup the entire fleet, with the crews remaining aboard until further notice. Fifteen ore carriers will lay up at Duluth and two harbors, the rest at lower lake ports. Shipping men explained the tieup came because loading operations are handled by railroad men, and be cause the strike stopped rail trans portation from the Minnesota iron ore mines to upper lake docks. U. S. Steel Closing Down. The ♦ast operations of United States Steel appeared to be moving rapidly toward a complete stop. A birdseye survey showed: The corporation’s coal mines in West Virginia. Kentucky and Illi nois operated today, but will close at the end of the working day be cause cars are lacking. One mine in Alabama was idle. Another at Palmer, Pa., will continue to oper ate as its output is transported by water. All of the corporation's interplant railroads, which move the multi tude of materials and finished prod ucts from one plant to another, were idle. The corporation’s subsidiaries op erated this week at approximately 33 per cent of potential capacity, but no forecast of activity next "week will be undertaken pending a better view of the immediate future. Nuernberg Red Aide Killed NUERNBERG, May 24 (/P)Gen. N. D. Zorya, assistant to the chief Soviet prosecutor at the interna tional war crimes trial, was killed yesterday while handling a gun, it was announced today. What Washington Is Reading As a guide to readers The Sunday Star has arranged with the leading booksellers of Washington and suburban areas to report each week the books which sell best. This survey, presented in the form of a ^weekly chart, is a new feature of the Sunday Book Section which offers timely and authoritative reviews of the newest books. In addition, these is printed a list of the best sellers based on a national survey of the country's princi pal cities. FOR BOOK REVIEWS AND BOOK NEWS KEEP UP WITH YOUR READING —IN— ©If? S>mtiiag &tar v I President Signs Bill Increasing Government Pay President Truman today signed the bill increasing the pay of ap proximately 1,000,000 classified Fed eral Government employes by 14 per cent. About 200,000 of the em ployes, who will get the increase beginning July 1, live in Washington. The measure increases by $250 the annual pay of all employes making less than $1,900 a year and by 14 per cent from there on up until the increase brings the salary to the $10 000 limit, which still holds. Members of the Senate and House Civil Service Committees, Civil i Service Commissioners and heads I of Government employe unions were | invited to attend the ceremony of I the signing of the bill, which had taken seven months to get through Congress. Abram Flaxer, president of the CIO United Public Workers of America, was not invited to attend the signing with the heads of other Government employe groups. A White House spokesman said this was because Mr. Flaxer's organiza tion had opposed the pay bill. Lewis Refuses to Call Policy Group Session; Scores Seizure Plan Indication Seen That End of Coal Strike Is Still Far Away By James Y. Newton John L. Lewis today notified his 250-man Policy Committee that it would not be convened in the near future, implying that any settlement of the long standing coal dispute was not in the offing. There was no announcement of the Policy Committee action. A notice posted in the United Mine Workers' Building here and address ed to members of the committee read: •‘Government seizure of the mines invokes the punitive provisions of the infamous Smith-Connally slave statute. Held Invasion of Liberty. “This imperils legally the liberty of individual members of the union. Until further clarification there will be no meeting of the National Pol icy Committee." The notice was signed simply, “Lewis.” The notification to the ^committee could mean that Mr. Lewis intends to take no action to extend the mine strike truce w'hich expires tomorrow' midnight. However. Mr. Lewis has on past occasions taken major steps without convening the committee. He was not at hand today to comment. Operators See Krug. Meanwhile, the soft coal operators’ Negotiating Committee met with Secretary of Interior Krug, the Gov ernment mine boss, for more than three hours this morning. Neither side would comment after the con ference. Mr. Krug called in the operators to describe proposals for a new con tract with Lewis, which he is said to have made late yesterday. Industry officials said that vir tually all mines, including anthra cite, untouched by strike so far, (See COAL, Page A-4.1 j Admiral Rebuked for Loss Of Articles From Planes By the Associated Press The Senate War Investigating Committee today released a report on the theft or loss of some $30,000 worth of clocks, pressure cookers and other articles from Navy patrol bomber planes. The report said Secretary of the Navy Forrestal had informed Sena tors of “administrative disciplinary action" against Vice Admiral Robert C. Giffen and four other naval offi cers in charge of the Naval Air Station at San Juan. Puerto Rico, between May and October of last year. Admiral Giffen, the report said, received a “severe reprimand.’ The San Juan report was made a part of the committee’s official rec ord as the Senators resumed hear ings on what Chairman Mead termed “irregularities in business operations conducted by the Navy at Pearl Harbor.’’ George Meader, committee coun sel, said the “severe reprimand" for Admiral Giffen was the first of its kind in naval history against so high-ranking an officer. Hannegan Puts Weight Limit At 16 Ounces Letters for Local Delivery Exempted; Public Aid Asked BULLETIN The Air Transport Com mand and the Naval Air Transport Service will carry the bulk of the Nation’s long haul first-class mail under plans being worked out this afternoon by officials of the two services, ODT, the Post Office Department and com mercial airlines. The com mercial routes will assist ATC and NATS wherever neces sary and will continue to handle regular air mail. Postmaster General Hannegan today placed under embargo all but first-class mail normally routed over the railroads now strike-bound and ordered postal employes throughout the Nation to enforce a 16-ounce weight limit on first-class and air mail. Mail for local delivery was ex empted from the embargo, as was that not usually carried by the rail lines now inoperative. “We shall use such rail facilities as continue to be available, and planes, motor vehicles, interurban electric lines and power boats,” Mr. Hannegan said in his embargo order. Public Asked to Co-operate. “Field officials of the postal serv ice are authorized to contract with out bidding for transportation of the mails where necessary and available.” Asking for “full cooperation” from the public during the emer gency. Mr. Hannegan urged: “Please mail nothing that Ls not essential. This is no time for busi ness houses to put vast numbers of circulars into the mails at the first class rate of postage.” Meanwhile, the Office of Defense Transportation ordered such rail roads as are running to remove pas sengers if necessary in order to carry mail. The postal embargo will halt movement of the bulk of nonlocal mail which has averaged approxi mately 10,750 tons per dav. Non local first-class (letter) mail and air mail, which will continue to go through under the order, represents a daily average of but 779 tons. Directive From ODT. The Post Office Department rec ognizes fully the serious conse quences of this limitation.” Mr. Hannegan said. “We have taken this action in conformity with the directives of the Office of Defense Transportation which, by authority of the President, is co-ordinating the Nation’s transportation. “I am directing all postal officials to continue to accept mail of all classes where normal transport fa cilities continue to be available,” Mr. Hannegan continued. “For example, the only mail trans port facilities between many com munities are contract highway star routes. There are 11,200 of these, and they have an average length of 27 miles. The 66 interurban elec (See POST OFFICE. Page A-4.) Cost of Family Necessities Has Risen 50% Since 1939 By the Associated Press Most of the things that make up the average family budget now; cost more than 50 per cent above! their price the day war started in Europe, the Bureau of Labor Sta-, tistics said today. "Food, clothing and house fur nishings costs, which represent 571 per cent of the budget for wage earners and moderate income work ers, in large cities, are now a little over 50 per cent higher than in August, 1939,” the bureau declared in a report reviewing the steady j climb in retail costs. The consumers price index now stands at 130.9 per cent of the 1935-39 average and 3 per cent above the average a year ago. Food prices increased 1.1 per cent from mid-March to mid-April, with higher prices in all major groups. A reduction in size of bread loaves, requested by the Famine Committee, caused an increase of 4.8 per cent in the average price for a pound of bread, the report noted. Navy Secret Weapon Revealed as Germ Spray With Power of Wiping Out Entire Cities By the Associated Press A germ spray reportedly capable of wiping out large cities and entire crops at a single blow is this coun try's newest secret weapon, ‘‘far more deadly than the atomic bomb." This disclosure leaked out of Con gress after the first bare hint was dropped on the floor of the House yesterday. Sketchy details of the frightening germ weapons were provided by members of the House Appropria tions Committee who learned of their development behind guarded doors. These members, specifying that l % | their names not be used, told a re ! porter full detials were given the committee during hearings on the Navy’s $4,639,718,000 appropriation | bill which the House passed yester day and sent to the Senate. There are several of the germ (Weapons, one member said, adding that they have been developed to the point where they could be used whenever necessary. Also, he said, the United States is the sole pos sessor of the secrets involved. "They have developed a weapon that can wipe out all form of life in a large city,” this member declared. “It is a germ proposition and is sprayed from airplanes that can I fly high enough while doing it to be reasonably safe from ground fire. It is quick and certain death.” While not familiar with minute details, he said the germs are highly contagious and presumably could be spread by bombs. "You would not have to drop a germ on every person in a city,” he asserted. “One operation would be sufficient, lor the effects would spread rapidly.” Another development, this com mittee member related, would make it possible for planes to fly over the Dakotas, for example, and destroy the entire wheat crop with a single (See WEAPON, Page A-6.) ft U. 5. Mobilizing All Nonrail Facilities To Alleviate Crisis ODT Embargoes Freight To Make Best Use of Available Transport (Pictures on Page B-l.) The greatest strike In railroad history today reduced the stream of rail transportation to a thin trickle in Washington and throughout the Nation as the country geared itself to face se vere shortages of food and fuel.I The Government mobilized all non-rail transportation systems in efforts to meet the emergency: caused by the walkout of 250,000 members of the striking Brother hood of Railroad Trainmen and Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi neers. President Truman turned over to Col. J. Monroe Johnson, ODT di rector. all his wartime transport powers and ODT immediately placed embargoes on freight ship ments by air, truck and w»ater to assure movement of essential food and mail. station vnmany ueservea. In Washington, instead of the 350 trains that rush through Union Station in the average day. trans portation was limited to 6 outgoing trains and 10 incoming ones, all manned by special crews. Union Station was virtually de serted. Air and bus travel was at a premium. In the freight yards here, the word was “nothing in and nothing out.” At Potomac Yards, main freight artery for the South, coal ana perishable foods had been moved ahead of the strike, but to day nothing was moving. The chances of Government work ers getting out of town for the week end were slim. Friday is usually the biggest day at Union Station with the weekly exodus beginning after 4 p.m. All but 30 of Union Station's 150 redcaps were given the choice of going home or remaining on duty today. The Washington Terminal Co. said the porters would be kept in an “alert” status in case train travel picked up. Officials said 30 or more porters would be on duty during the next 24 hours. Hundreds of would-be Washing ton travelers apparently preferred to stay off trains rather than risk being halted en route. From all big cities came reports that thou-; sands of travelers and commuters were stranded. Hotels were jam (Continued on Page A-4, Column 1) Pauley Sees Marshall NANKING, May 24 (&).—The Amer ican reparations commissioner, Ed win Pauley, arrived today from Se oul, Korea, and immediately con ferred with Gen. George C. Mar shall about his proposed reparations inspection tour in Manchuria. District Heads Act to Protect Public as Food Items Dwindle Commissioners Meet With Businessmen To Discuss Situation Preparing to protect the pub lic from hunger and supply shortages during the rail strike, the District Commissioners to day obtained from leaders in business and industry here re ports showing that power and fuel were not in immediate dan ger. but that the food supply was rapidly dwindling, part of it al most to the vanishing point. The meat supply may be exhaust ed as early as this afternoon, but there is an adequate supply of poul try. Drugs, and medical supplies may last from two weeks to two months. Assurance was given that trucking facilities are on hand to meet emer gencies. This picture was given the Com missioners today at a District Build D. C. Food Ample; Commissioners Ask No Panic Buying The District Commissioners today issued an appeal to Dis trict residents to abstain from panic-buying of foodstuffs in the interests of the general welfare. They pointed out that ample stock is on hand at present and there is no need for alarm. "No serious difficulties need develop,” they said, "as long as our citizens do not waste their money by expensive and need less hoarding.” 'See marketing storv on Page B-l.) ing meeting called swiftly on the heels of the rail strike. The Board af Trade had called leaders together at request of the Commissioners. Engineer Commissioner Gordon R. Young promised the city that fleets (See-U CTSUPPLIES. Page A-5.i 700 Carloads of Food And Livestock Left In Potomac Yards 200 Hogs in Two Cars Fed and Watered By Attendants Approximately 700 carloads of Perishable foods and livestock left stranded on sidings in Po tomac Yards, Alexandria, when railroad workers walked off the job, were still standing this af ternoon as attendants took food and water to animals in two of the cars. Approximately 200 hogs were in1 the two cars which were left so far; from the yard's stock pens that R. T. Harding, stock pen attendant,; and an assistant, had to carry water; to them. They said they would care for any other animals that might be reported stranded some where within the maze of 110 miles of tracks of the yard. Earlier yesterday, the railroad workers had left two other cars containing 70 hogs and 22 cattle near the livestock pens but these animals were herded outside for care during the strike. 85 Cars of Bananas. There were 700 carloads of per ishable foods and livestock in the yard, according to George A. Shep herd, freight agents. Of these 4 were livestock cars and 85 cars were loaded with bananas, ranging from 20,000 to 24,000 pounds per car. The value of each of the banana cars was $5,000, according to Mr. Shepherd. (See POTOMAC YARDS, Page A-5J New York Stock Exchange Will Close Tomorrow By the Associated Press % NEW YORK, May 24.—The New York Stock and Curb Exchanges and many of the Nation's other major securities markets will sus pend operations for the abbreviated Saturday session tomorrow. Chicago and Philadelphia ex changes were among the first out of-town markets to follow the ac tion of governors of New York’s "big board.” Tomorrow would have been the last Saturday market before the start of the five-day week scheduled for the summer months. Saturday closings will be the rule from June through September. 1 Former Marines Asked To Apply for Duty In Transit Crisis Navy Authorizes Calling Any Reserve Officers; Army Stands By BULLETIN Gen. Eisenhower, Army Chief of Staff, was ordered to cut short a vacation at Sa vannah, Ga.. today and leave for Washington to attend an emergency conference in con nection with the rail strike. The Marine Corps today is sued an invitation to all honor ably discharged personnel and to Its inactive enlisted reservists to apply for temporary duty in the transportation crisis, and it was stated the intention is to order to active duty any Reserve officer whose duties might be required. The Navy authorized all district commandants to order any reserve officers in their jurisdictions to ac tive duty if they found his services required. The Army stood by, awaiting any formal Government request that might be made for protection or other services authorized by law. Both the Army and Navy halted leaves for nearly all personnel. The Marine Corps active duty statement said: "All Marine Corps personnel who have been honorably discharged or discharged under honorable condi tions and all inactive enlisted Re servists may volunteer for tempo rary active duty by reporting to the (See MILITARY, Page A^T) Advertising to Be Omitted The Star regrets that in order to conserve paper, shipment of which has been stopped by the railroad strike, it is necessary to omit, commencing tomorrow and until further notice, all advertising with the ex ception of Death Notices, Lost and Found, Church Notices (set solid), brief Theater Notices and Ad vertising deemed of vital public importance. A t Situation 'Dark/ Says President's Mediator A fterSeeing Workers Entire Labor Situation To Be Discussed Today at White House Conference By Joseph A. Fox . While r presidential mediator worked feverishly, but unsuc cessfully, today to bring the Nation’s railroad officials and train men into an agreement for ending the paralyzing strike. President Truman summoned top cabinet and labor advisers to a 3 p.m, meeting to canvass “the whole strike situation.” The mediator, John R. Steelman, left a conference with repre sentatives of two striking brotherhoods at the Hotel Statler at 1:45 p.m. saying, “The situation looks dark.” He immediatelv entered a session with the carriers. Byrd Urges President To Ask More Power For Curbing Strikes Senator Wants Truman To Make Appeal to Congress at Once Senator Byrd, Democrat, of Virginia told reporters after a White House visit today that he had strongly urged President Truman to appeal to a joint ses sion of Congress for additional authority to prevent further Nation-wide strikes. He added that the President is considering the appeal. Senator Byrd said he had urged Mr. Truman to go before Congress "if he needs additional power or any legislation to punish those who have been guilty of any infraction of the laws and to prevent strikes." He said the President is giving the matter full consideration. "My judgment is that if the rail road strike is not settled today the President should come before Con gress tomorrow.” Senator Byrd added. “The country is strongly behind him in any move he may make to settle this crisis and now is the time for action." Favors Immediate Appeal. Senator Byrd was asked when the President should go up and replied 1 "The sooner the better.” "If the strike is not settled today, he should come up tomorrow, or even tonight.” Meanwhile. adoption of the seldom-used cloture rule to hasten passage of a labor disputes bill was strongly indicated as the rail tieup spurred the Senate on in the con sideration of a score of proposed restrictions on unions. Notice of intention to invoke cloture was filed by 27 Senators during a hectic night session, which brought a test vote of 47 to 30 in support of the Byrd amendment, aimed at John L. Lewis’ demand for a union-controlled welfare fund for his coal miners. The Byrd amend ment would require such programs to be controlled jointly by man* agement and labor as a trust fund. When the Senate reconvened at 11 a.m. today, however, there were more than a score of amendments j %till be be acted on. and the Byrd amendment alone had taken 10 days. Cooling-Off Period. The pending, question now is the proposal of Senator Ball. Republi can, of Minnesota and others for a mandatory 60-day cooling-off period whenever a Federal media tion board undertakes to adjust a labor dispute. Under the rules, the cloture peti tion must be voted on at 1 p.m. tomorrow, if the bill has not been passed in the meantime. While | cloture requires a two-thirds' vote to be invoked, and usually fails to muster that much strength, well-in- i formed persons predicted privately today that the rarely used rule has a good chance of adoption in the present situation. Some of the Senators who are strongly in favor of new controls on labor disputes are, at the same time, against cloture, but those who think cloture may carry are believed to be counting on putting it over without the votes of these Senators. The rule requires only two-thirds of those present and voting. The House Labor Committee (See STRIKE CONTROL, Pg. A-4.) wmte nouse rress secretary Charles G. Ross said the presi dential conference would go over Doth the rail and coal situations. Summoned to it, in addition to Mr. Steelman, were Secretary of State Byrnes, Secretary of rreasury Vinson, who formerly headed the Office of War Mobil zation; Attorney General Clark, Secretary of War Patterson. Sec tary of Interior Krug, Secre tary of Labor Schw'ellenbach, Acting Secretary of the Navy John L. Sullivan—in the absence Df Secretary Forrestal—Recon version Director John W. Sny der and ODT Director J. Monroe Johnson. Steelman Talks With Leaders. Mr. Steelman talked with leaders of the striking trainmen and en gineers early today and* then met with representatives of the carriers at the Statler as negotiations were resumed after a fruitless ses sion at the White House yesterday. While the brotherhoods Nego tiating Committee held a separate meeting on the fourth floor of the hotel, Mr. Steelman talked with the larrier representatives on the sixth floor from 11:50 to 12:50 p.m. Then he met with the union representa tives. Mr. Steelman left the White House for the Statler conference after tell ing reporters that he had a per sonal conference with President Truman Cancels Talk With Press but Keeps Cabinet Appointment President Truman canceled his weekly news conference scheduled for 11 am. todav. Press Secretary Charles G. Ross said this was necessitated bv the crowded condition of Mr. Truman's calendar. The President naturally would have been questioned exten sively about the railroad strike, and it is believed that he did not want to discuss this while negotiations are in progress. The President held his regu lar Friday morning cabinet meeting. Postmaster General Hannegan told reporters later. "We discussed strikes and noth ing but strikes, and we did so emphatically and intensely." A. F. Whitney of the trainmen and Mvanley Johnston of the engineers. In addition to the two striking union heads, Mr. Steelman con :inued, he had been in touch with representatives of the 18 nonstrik ing brotherhoods. They were not in the early morning conferences, although they had been notified to ‘stand by." Asked whether he expected the return of the negotiators to the White House any time today. Mr. Steelman said he did not. "Even if a settlement is reached?” a reporter asked. Mr. Steelman replied he saw no reason for returning to the White House even in that event. As the talks were resumed, idle trains menaced every phase of na tional existence, threatening the country's food and fuel supplies and closing down industry. The tieup on 384 rail lines was virtually 100 per cent complete. After long discussion from which President Truman kept aloof, the disputing factions left the White House at 8 o'clock last night—four • hours after the end of the five day strike truce had tied trans portation in a knotr—with little to say other than to confess the fail ure of their negotiations, and to an nounce that another meeting would be held today. John J. Pelley. president of the (See RAILROADS. Page A-3.) Accident at Los Alamos Atom Laboratory Reported Sy the Associated Press LOS ALAMOS, N. Mex., May 24 — Tlie Los Alamos atomic bomb lab oratory last night announced that "a small number of persons were in jured. one of them possibly seri ously" in an accident at the labora tory Tuesday. The project security officer said he could give no details, but that the accident was neither an explosion nor a fire. k