Evening star. [volume], September 20, 1946, Page A-5, Image 5

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Vatican Not Surprised
Over Tito Arrest of ;
I
Yugoslav Archbishop
iy the Associated Press
ROME, Sept. 20—A Vatican prel
ate said today that the arrest of
Archbishop Alojzijc Stepinac. head
of the Roman Catholic church in
Yugoslavia, had "saddened but did
not surprise" the Vatican in view
of the persecution w'hich the church
attributes to Marshal Tito's govern
ment.
This prelate, who is close to the
Vatican's State Department, said
the arrest at Zagreb two days ago
of the archbishop came after all
Cathtlic pastors in Yugoslavia read
frcun their pulpits the archbishop's
letter insisting on the rights of
Christian education for youth and
other religious freedoms.
Announcements from Belgrade
said Archbishop Stepinac had been
arrested to await trial with 18 others
—12 of them Catholic priests—on
eharges of collaborating with the
Ustachi. wartime terrorist group of
the Anton Pavelic puppet regime in
Croatia.
Churchmen here estimate 400
Roman Catholic priests have been
arrested in Yugoslavia since the
end of the war.
Bishop Hurley Leaves Rome.
Bishop Joseph Patrick Hurley of
St. Augustine, Fla., regent of the
apostolic nunciature in Belgrade,
left Rome yesterday by plane for
the Yugoslav capital. He had been
here on a vacation. He is expected
to investigate the archbishop's de
tention. but Vatican sources said he
had not been sent on a special mis
sion by the Pope in that regard.
When he left Rome, friends said.
Bishop Hurley did not know of the
archbishop's arrest. These friends
said he gave the impression that al
though the Catholic situation in
Yugoslavia remained difficult there
was some slight indication of im
provement. He told associates he
had seen Marshal Tito and had
found him willing to discuss the
matter.
Vatican sources said the Serb
Orthodox church was equallv af
fected by the situation in Yugo
slavia and that there was a bond of
sympathy between it and the Ro
man Catholic church. Among Arch
bishops Stepinacs reported activi
ties during the early days of the
German occupation of Yugoslavia!
was his intervention for the libera
tion of Orthodox Serbs held as hos
tages and threatened with execu
tion.
Vatican Story of Activities.
Here, in brief, is the story of the
archbishop's activities in Yugoslavia
as reported by Vatican sources:
Archbishop Stepinac protested in
a fetter to Anton Pavelic against
the execution without trial at Glina
of 260 Serbs by the Ustachis. In a
letter to the Mihister of the In
terior he denounced the violation
of human rights in the laws promul
gated against the Jews.
Hifi brother was accused of com
munism and collaboration with the
Partisans and was executed by the
Germans November 23, 1943.
On October 3. 1943. he declared in
a sermon: “We are striving with all
our power to proclaim in public life
as strongly as we ran the principles
of the divine and eternal law
whether it concerns Croats or Serbs.
Jews or Tziganes 'Hungarian gyp
sies!, Dissidents or Mohammedans."
He befriended thousands of Jews
escaping from Austria and Hungary,
hiding them and feeding them, and
still maintains groups of homeless
elderly Jew's.
Macek Is Certain Tito
Will Prosecute Prelate
Dr. Vladimir Macek. exiled leader
of the Croatian Peasant party, be
lieves Premier Marshal Tito will dely
the Vatican and go forward “to the
end” with his intended prosecution
of Archbishop Alojzijc Stepinac.
head of the Roman Catholic Church
in Yugoslavia, for alleged “crimes
against the people."
During an interview here yester
day, Dr Macek explained that, al
though Archbishop Stepinac was
detained briefly in 1945 and has
been attacked from time to time in
Government publications, the pres
ent arrest and placing of charges
indicated the Tito regime had com
mitted itself to an actual trial of
the prelate.
“Just an Emissary.”
Asked whether he considered
Marshal Tito a satellite of Russia,
the one-time Yugoslavian Minister
of Agriculture and deputy premier
in the revolutionary government of
1941 replied, through an interpreter .
“He is not even a satellite; he is
just an emissary.”
He declared that reports reaching
him told of several hundred thou
sand persons held in coneentration
camps in Yugoslavia “More than
95 per cent” of his people, not only
peasants, but city workers and in
tellectuals as well, are opposed to
the Tito government. Dr. Macek
insisted.
He said that, eventually, “the
Western democracies will have to do
something, in their own self-inter
est,” about what he called Com
munist domination of the peasant
people in Yugoslavia and elsewhere
in Europe, because, he said, they
represent the strength of true
democracy.
Dr. Macek. W’ho has been in the
United States for several weeks, said
he hoped to talk with officials here
before returning to his headquarters
in Paris but had made no specific |
arrangements to see State Depart
ment authorities
Y ugoslavia
(Continued From First Page.i
military police In Trieste made no
attempt to prevent an attack upon
the premises of the Yugoslav War
Booty Commission, and while tak
ing no action against persons who
attacked this building, arrested
Yugoslav officers and men.”
The reply—An "entirely false in
terpretation upon the facts of the
matter. Investigation has shown
that the attack • * • was one of a
number of sporadic outbreaks of
violence occurring simultaneously
and provoked both by pro-Slav and
pro-Italian elements. • * * One
Yugoslav officer and two Yugoslav
men were arrested. As they admit
ted that they had fired on the crowd,
thereby fatally injuring a civilian,
there can be no doubt that their
arrest was abundantly justified.”
2. The charge- -That there were
"six other instances of alleged
failure of the civil and Allied mili
tary police to protect the persons
and property of Yugoslav citizens
in Trieste."
The reply—That the "fullest in
vestigation possible” of three of the
cases “failed to reveal any indepen
dent evidence that these allegations
are well founded. The remaining
three have proved on investigation
a , i
ON "LIE-DOWN” STRIKE—
When they were removed
forcibly from the Justice De
partment Building last night,
these three men bedded down
in sleeping bags on the steps
outside. Left to right: Ashton
Jones. Atlanta, Ga.. and Roger
Axford, Chicago, who seek
clemency for imprisoned con
scientious objectors, and their
friend, Charles Wellman. Bos
ton. Mrs. Jones is on the left.
Today the three made an un
successful attempt to see
Attorney General Clark.
to be false in part and exaggerated
throughout.”
3. The charge—That "no satis
factory answer has been given to
a number of the < foreign i ministry's
notes alleging that other similar
attacks upon Yugoslav persons and
property in zone A lAmerican
Britishi of Venezia Giulia had been
condoned by the Allied military
authorities, and in general implying,
that those authorities are preju
diced against Yugoslav interests."
Obstructive Tactics Charged.
The reply — The American Em
bassy note of May 20 i previously
made public > records "several ex
amples of important administrative
measures undertaken by the Allied
military authorities which were ob
viously inspired by the firm inten
tion to maintain an impartial ad
ministration.
"It also cites numerous instances,
of the measures taken by pro
Slav elements to obstruct the Allied
military administration and to in
timidate the local population, thus
indicating the provocative attitude
of those elements.
4. The charge—That on August
9 a "Maj. Despot, the political com
missar of a Yugoslav detachment in
zone A together with another
Yugoslav officer and soldier, was as
saulted by Allied military police
and was not protected from further
assaults by "Fascist mobs'”
The reply—"In view of the gross
provocation offered by Maj. Despot
and his companions, both in delib
erately and unnecessarily interfer
ing in an area of disturbance, andj
more particularly in threatening
the police and the crowd with a
hand grenade, and in resisting all
attempts by the police to conduct
them to safety, the United States
Government cannot admit that any
blame whatever attaches to the
members of the civil police con
cerned. Moreover, May Despot
acknowledged that the Allied mili
tary police concerned were endeav
oring to bring him to safety and
that on no occasion was he struck
by them.”
Tone of Note Is Firm.
With those replies the United
States note went on to say that
'the obstructive and terroristic
activities of pro-Slav elements' in
the disputed zone "constitute in
themselves a reply to many of the
complaints leveled by the Yugoslav
government."
Although firm in tone the note
reflected improvement in diplomatic
relations between the two countries
since the release of American a ir- j
men who were held after Yugoslav j
fighters forced down their plane
Five other Americans died in a sec
ond Yugoslav fighter attack.
The ultimatum demanding release
of the imprisoned men was stripped
of polite diplomatic parlance.
This time, however, the note
opened with "compliments" to the
foreign ministry and ended with
renewed "assurance of its high con
sideration."
Britain's Ambassador to Belgrade
delivered an almost identical note.
London dispatches said.
Planners
• Continued From First Page.!
mating the wings. He explained
that all private offices would be
placed at the outside of the struc
ture and described the proposed new
building as affording "ideal working
conditions."
Mr. Reynolds explained that be-;
cause the business of the General:
Accounting Office has materially!
increased as a result of the war and,
the growth of the Army. Navy and
Veterans’ Administration, it will
need much more space than was
contemplated when the 1938 pro
gram was set up.
"I am hopeful that we can get
away without an annex,” Commis
sioner Reynolds said.
T he General Accounting Office
now is housed in many buildings j
including the Moses Building at
Eleventh and F streets N.W., part of
the old Post Office Department
Building at Eleventh street and
Pennsylvania avenue N.W.. and the
old Pension Office Building at Fifth
and G streets N.W.. across the street:
from where the new structure is to
be built.
Commissioner Fteynolds was ac
companied into the planners' meet
ing by Deputy Commissioner J. E.
Stanton. Gilbert Stanley Underwood,
supervising architect, and C. D. Per
sina. chief of design—all PBA offi
cials.
Cabin John Bridge Plan Heard.
A joint plan for the enlargement
of Cabin John Bridge in nearby
Maryland, was placed before the
planners bv E A. Schmitt, associate
Army district engineer for the
Washington area. and Harry
Thompson, assistant superintendent
for the National Capital Parks
Thomas S. Settle, commistson sec
retary, explained the bridge is now
17 feet wide but has no facilities for
pedestrians The new plan, he said,I
provides for a 26-foot highway en
abling trucks to pass easily, and
sidewalks for pedestrians.
The commission yesterday agreed
to make a detailed study, requested
by the District Commissioners, of
the projected six-year $226,000,000
improvement program for the city.
The planners also voted to meet
on October 17 and 18. and. for
part of that session, hold a joint
meeting with the District Commis
sioners to discuss mutual problems.
John Nolen, jr.. director of plan
ning of the commission, and Mr
Settle, explained that the planners
voted yesterday to make detailed re
port on the items contained in the
six-year plan. Prepared by Brig.
Gen. Gordon R, Young, Engineer
Commissioner, the plan contemplates
sewer, street, building and other
improvements for the National
Capital.
The planners had already sub
mitted general comments on the
plan, but the District Commission
ers recently wrote the commission
asking it to concur in the items
involved or suggest alternatives.
To Eliminate Bottlenecks.
The commission yesterday:
1. Voted to transfer to the Dis
trict as much of LEnfant Square.
Pennsylvania and Minnesota ave
nues S.E., from the National Park
Service, as is needed to eliminate
the traffic bottleneck there by street
widening.
2. Approved taking as much of thp
park triangle at Twentieth and
Pennsylvania avenue N W. as re
quired for the widening of Twen
tieth street, which is now under
way.
3. Approved plans, submitted by
its landscape architect. Thomas C
Jeffers, for drainage, grading and
dredging to develop Anacostia Park
from the District line to Bladens
burg, Md . carrying forward the rec
lamation program already achieved
in the District.
4 Instructed Its staff to work
with the staff of the Maryland-Na
tional -Capital Park and Planning
Commission on the area to be ac
quired. land appraisals and details
of expanding the park system along
the valleys in nearby Maryland.
5. Referred to the Maryland Com
mission a procedure proposal relat
ing t» the newly formed District of
Columbia-Maryland Zoning Advisor*
Committee In cases of disagree
ment by the District representatives
on a zoning problem, they would
have opportunity to appear before
the Maryland authorities, under the
proposal.
Conference
_'Continued From First Page !
ond idea after first voting in favor.
Ethiopia voted for the change.
The decisions were foreshadowed
yesterday when the commission
turned down a Brazilian attempt to
move the Italian-Yugoslav border
eastward in Italy's favor north of
Trieste.
The military commission also went
down the line for another Big Four
agreement when it rejected. 10 to 6.
a Greek amendment to reduce the
naval strength allowed Bulgaria by
the Foreign Ministers' Council
There were five abstentions—Bel
gium. Brazil. Ethiopia. Norway and
the Netherlands. Voting for the
amendment were Australia, Canada
Greece. India, New Zealand and
South Africa.
The Greek proposal would have
limited the Bulgarian navy to 2.500
men and 3.250 tons of ships, as com
pared with the Big four agreement
on 3.500 men and 7.250 tons.
Greece also demanded that forti
fications along Bulgaria's frontiers
be limited to the same extent as
Italy's frontiers with France and
Yugoslavia.
A companion Greek effort to strip
the Bulgarian airforce down to 40
combat aircraft and 1,800 men like
wise was rejected 13 to 3 by the mil
itary commission. The Big Four
draft allows the Bulgarians 70 com
bat planes and 5,200 n*;n. Only Aus
tralia and South Africa joined
Greece on this amendment.
The American delegate, Brig. Gen
J. D. Balmer, told the commission
that Bulgaria recently had organ
ized a “frontier militia" under its
Interior Ministry. He warned that
an article in the treaty forbids mili
tary training outside the armed
forces, and said this militia would
become illegal when the treaty goes
into effect.
The Bulgarian Political and Ter
ritorial Commission tackled the
touchy question of Bulgarian de
mands against Greece, which last
week precipitated a walkout by the
Slavic bloc.
This walkout came after Greece
I
had made counterclaims against
Bulgaria and Jefferson Caffery.
American Ambassador to Paris, had
demanded a vote on a British mo
tion to consider the Greek claims.
Delegates of five Slavic nations rose
hurriedly and angrily left the meet
ing.
Subsequently, Russia abandoned
her support of Bulgarian claims,
while continuing to oppose Greek
claims for a strip of Southern Bul
garian territory Greek demands
then were turned over to the mili
tary commission.
Three Demonstrators
Foiled in Attempt to
See Clark Again
Three men staging a demonstra
tion to bring about the release of six
conscientious objectors in Federal
prisons made an unsuccessful at
tempt today to "crash" the Justice
Department to reach Attorney Gen
eral Clark's office. They had con
ferred briefly with Mr. Clark yes
terday.
Two special policemen of the Fed
eral Works Agency denied them ad
mission this morning, saying they
required a pass.
The trio, Ashton B. Jones. Atlan
ta. Ga.. Roger W. Axford of Chicago
and Charles H. Wellman of Boston,
had spent the night on the steps of
the building after being forcibly
ejected last night.
Sergt. H. S. Harrington, a war
veteran who is a special policeman
with FWA. told the three men, "You
are as near the Attorney General's
office as you are going to get unless
I get orders otherwise.”
Guarding the door with Sergt.
Harrington was Special Officer S.
V. Cavanagh.
“If you telephone the Attorney
General and get him to send down
a pass for you. then we will let
you in.” Sergt Harrington added.
The door before which the three
men had spent the night at Con
stitution avenue and Tenth street
N.W. usually is opened at 8 a m.,
but today the guards kept it locked
until Mr. Clark arrived.
The sitdown began at 5 p.m. yes
terday when Jones, Axford and
Wellman ensconced themselves in
Mr. Clark's reception room. Mrs.
Jones arrived with the party but
soon departed.
Shortly before 6 p.m. Mr. Clark
conferred privately with the objec
tors and learned they had decided
to remain in the reception room,
night and day, until the imprisoned
conscientious objectors were re
leased.
A Justice Department spokesman
said Mr. Clark told them he "al
ways listens with sympathy to any
hardship case but your attitude
will not affect my decision in this
case one way or the other.” Mr.
Clark said he would look into the
matter.
Around 7 p.m. six guards marched
into the reception room and asked
the trio to leave, since only persons j
with permits are allowed in the
building at night. When they re
fused, five of the guards dragged 1
Jones and Axford from the room'
and through the corridor. A sixth
picked up Wellman and carried him
out in his arms.
Axford told a reporter he had just
been released from Danbury 'Conn.i ,
Prison after serving 27 months for
"refusing to take a final physical
examination for induction into a
slave labor camp at Wellston, Mich."
Axford wore a mourning band on
his arm which he said represented
the death of the conscience of the
American people."
Demonstration Staged
For Japanese-American
DANBURY. Conn.. Sept. 20 (/Pi —
A hunger-striking conscientious ob
jector at the Federal correctional in
stitution here, in whose behalf a
demonstration is being conducted in
Washington, was identified by War-,
den Myrl Alexander today as James
Otsuka, 25. a Japanese-American.
Otsuka, claiming he was a "perse
cuted political prisoner."’ started his
hunger strike about the middle of
July with the announced intention
of refusing to take nourishment
until he was released, the warden
said He began a three-year term
in July. 1945.
Physicians have fed Otsuka in
travenously, the warden added, and,
although he has lost weight, he is in
no danger physically.
Red Cross
_'Continued From First Page t
most effective handling of its pro
gram.”
When the plans have been carried
out, " the governing body of the Red
Cross will be predominantly repre
sentative of. and will be responsive
to. the chapters, with full repre
sentation of the national interests."
Mr O'Connor said
Instead of 18 persons—six chosen
by chapter delegates, six appointed
by the President of the United
States and six by the Board of
Incorporators—the new Red Cross:
governing body will be composed of
50 members and known as the Board
of Governors.
In addition to the 30 elected by
chapter delegates to the national
convention. 12 will be elected by the
Board of Governors itself, as mem
bers-at-large. and eight appointed
by the President of the United
States.
Since the Advisory Committee
failed to agree on a new way of
naming the national chairman, he
will continue to be appointed by the
President, with the new title of
President of the Red Cross.
The President's eight appointees
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from Government departments and
agencies will include at least one and
not more than three from the armed
forces. The governors elected by
chapter delegates will be picked to
assure broad national representation.
Groups heretofore given little rep
resentation in Red Cross government
are to have a voice from the 12 out
standing individuals with national
interests." Mr. O'Connor said it was
not determined what "interests"
would be represented, but that it
was possible that labor, for instance,
would have a member.
Governors’ Terms Staggered.
While the term of office of all
governors will be three years, the
first 42 governors will be elected
for one, two or three year terms
so that one-third of the elective
membership will be chosen each
year. Elected governors may serve
only two three-year terms, but there
is no restriction on re-election of
presidential appointees, one of
whom is the Red Cross president
The President of the United States
will be "honorary chairman" under
the new program.
Under the new' plan, grievances
against undemocratic practices in
locals may be appealed to the na
tional organization.
Most of the changes, including
expansion of the governing body
and revisions in selection of its per
sonnel, will be introduced "through
regular channels” in the next Con
gress, Mr. O'Connor said. Arrange
ments will be prepared by Charles
M. SpofTord of New York, who acted
as counsel for the Advisory Com
mittee.
Another pffort to democratize the
organization was seen in a recom
mendation that the Red Cross
"shall be open to all people of the
United States, its territories and
dependencies * • Mr. O'Con
nor said it had been felt in the past
that the Red Cross was not reach
ing certain groups.
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