Evening star. [volume], October 01, 1946, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Weather Forecast
Partly cloudy, windy, cool today. Clear to
night; light frost in suburbs. Tomorrow
sunny, continued cool.
Temperatures today—High, 67, at l:f4 p.m.;
low, 46, at 6:22 a.m. Yesterday—High, 68,
at 12:01 a.m.; low, 50, at 11:59 p.m.
(Full Report on Put A-13.)
Lote New York Markets, Page A-19.
| Guide for Readers
• rage
After Dark_A-14
Amusements - A-13
Comics.-B-18-19
Editorials .A-10
Editorial ArticlesA-ll
Finance_A-19
rage
Lost and Pound..A-3
Obituary .A-12
Radio .B-19
Society__B-3
Sports .A-16-17
Woman’s Page. B-12
An Associated Press Newspaper
94th YEAR. No. 37,404 Phone NA. 5000.
WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, fdTOBER 1, 1946-FORTY PAGES. ★★★
City Home Delivery, Delly end Sunday /Tti,'VTlQ
90c a Month, when 6 Sundays, $1.00 ® X O
2
9
. a
Ribbentrop, Jodi, Keitel to Die;
Hess, 6 Get Prison; 3 Acquitted
4 Days for Appeal;
Russia Dissents on
Some Judgments
•y th» Associated Press
NUERNBERG, Oct. 1—The
International War Crimes Tri
bunal today decreed death on
the gallows for 12 of Adolf Hit
ler’s gang, sentenced 7 to prison,
and—with Russia dissenting—
acquitted three defendants.
Sentenced to'death were Reichs
marshal Hermann Goering, former
Nazi Foreign Minister Joachim von
Ribbentrop, Field Marshal Wilhelm
Keitel, chief of Hitler’s high com
mand; Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Ges
tapo chief; Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi
. party philosopher; Hans Frank,
governor-general of occupied Po
land; Wilhelm Frick, former Nazi
Minister of Interior; Julius Streich
er, notorious Jew baiter; Fruitz
Sanckel, Nazi slave labor chief;
CoL Gen. Alfred Jodi, chief of the
German general staff; Arthur
Seyss-Inquart, Nazi occupation In
the Netherlands, and Martin Bor
mann, Hitler’s last deputy Fuehrer,
tried in absentia.
Sentenced to life' imprisonment
were Rudolf Hess, Hitler’s former
deputy Fuehrer; Walther Funk, for
mer Reichsbank head, and Grand
Admiral Erich Raeder, former Ger
man naval chief.
Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, who
surrendered Germany and was
Fuehrer in the last few days ot the
war, received a 10-year sentence.
Baldur von Schirach, Hitler youth
leader, and Albert Speer, German
Munitions Minister, both were sen
tenced to 20 years in prison.
Constantin von Neurath, German
Foreign Minister and later ‘‘pro
tector of Bohemia and Moravia,”
was given IS years.
Acquitted were Franz von Papes,
former Nazi Ambassador to Austria; j
Hjalmar Schaeht, Nazi financial
wizard, and Hans Fritsche, Nazi
Deputy Propaganda Minister.
Russia Makes Protest.
The court, after pibnouncing the
sentences, announced that Russia
had protested against the tribunal’s
acquittal of Von Papen, Schacht
and Fritsche.
The Soviet judge, Maj. Gen. I. T.
Nikitchenko, also protested that
Hess should have been hanged in
stead of receiving life imprisonment
and objected to yesterday’s acquittal
of the general staff and high com
mand.
Judges of Britain, the United
States and Prance joined in the
majority opinion, which now will
be carried out by the Allied Con
trol Council, representing all four
Allies.
Russia still may carry to the Con
trol Council her objections to the
acquittals and the prison sentence
for Hess. This Council is made up
of the ranking representatives in
Germany of the four occupying pow
ers and has the final say over all
the defendants.
Even as the Hitler gangsters were
shuffling back to their Nuernberg
courthouse cells. Lt. Gen. Lucius D.
Clay, representing the Control
Council, was in the courthouse mak
ing execution arrangements.
Four Days for Appeal.
The defendants have four days in
which to appeal to the Allied Con
trol Council, their court of last re
sort. This council, representing the
United States, Britain, Russia and
Prance in the government of Ger
many, has authority over the exe
cutions, which are expected October
16 unless an appeal for clemency is
granted, and there seemed little
chance of that. All defense attor
neys had announced they would ap
peal in the event of death sentences
against their clients.
Legal officials of the American
Military Government said that if
any of the three Nazi leaders ac
quitted were returned to the Ameri
can zone of occupation they prob
ably would be tried by Germans
under the zone's denazification law.
The officials said because Schacht
and Von Papen owned property in
mpre than one zone it was conjec
tural to which they might be re
turned. Legal experts in Berlin ex
pressed belief the Rusisans might
get custody^ Fritsche, whom they
(Continued on Page A-5, Column 1)
Goering Enraged
By Acquittal of
Hjalmar Schacht
•y ttw Associated Press
NUERN BERG, Oct. 1.—When the
International Military Tribunal
read out its verdict acquitting and
freeing Hjalmar Schacht of war
crimes charges today, Hermann
Goering, already convicted, turned
in his seat in a rage and said
something to Rudolf Hess, also
found guilty.
Goering had been known as one
of the former Reichsbank presi
dent’s bitter enemies for many
years, and apparently had been
consoled by the thought that the
financial wizard with whom he
had Jousted for power would be
conyicted with other defendants.
Weither Funk, who served as
Reichsbank president after Schacht,
turned in his seat excitedly as the
Schacht acquittal was read and
held up a finger, indicating one
acquitted. Funk later was con
victed on three counts and given
a life term.
Nuernberg Trial Box Score
•y *h» Associated Piost 'S >
NUERNBERG. Oct. l.-<-Here is the list of the defendants in the
Nuernberg trials and the oounts on which they were convicted or
found innocent: (G—guilty; I-r-innocent.)
Count 1. Count 2. Count 3. Count 4. Fate.
Hermann Goering. G G G G Hanging
Rudolf Hess. G G I I Life
Martin Borman ._ I G G Hanging
Joachim von Ribbentrop... G G G G Hanging
Wilhelm Keitel. G G G G . Hanging
Ernst Kaltenbrunner. I G G Hanging
Alfred Rosenberg.-»G G G G Hanging
Hans Frank__ I G G Hanging
Wilhelm Prick__ I G G G Hanging
Julius Streicher.. 1 G Hanging
Walther Funk .. I G G G Life
Hjalmar Schacht_ I I ..
Karl Doenitz.. I G G , 10 years
Erich Raeder.. G G G Life
Baldur von Schirach_ I G 20 years
Fritz Sauckel ,.. I I G G Hanging
Alfred Jodi .. G G G G Hanging
Franz von Papen.. I 1 _...
Arthur Seyss-Inquart. I G G G Hanging
Albert Speer... I I G G 20 years
Constantin von Neurath ... G G G G 15 years •
Hans Fritsche .. I II .
Where there is no symbol, the defendant was not charged.
The numbered counts refer to the following indictments:
Count 1—Conspiracy to commit acts named in the other three
counts.
Count 2—Crimes against the peace, namely, planning, preparing;
initiating or waging aggressive war.
Count 3—War crimes, namely, violations of the laws or customs
of war.
Count 4—Crimes against humanity, namely, murder, extermina
tion, enslavement, deportation or other inhumane acts against any
civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions, political,
racial or religious.
Goering Preserves
Fierce Reserve in
Hearing Sentence
Kaltenbrunner Bows
Ironically to Court
After Pronouncement
By Associated Pros* j
NUERNBERG, Oct. 1.—Rudolf
Hess, to the end the posturing
crackpot of the war crimes trial,
brushed aside earphones that
would have told him whether he
was to live or die and stared
blankly ahead of him as a stern
judge sentenced him to life im
prisonment.
One by one, 21 once haughty Nazi,
leaders were marched before the
bar of the International Military
Tribunal to hear their fate.
Goering retained his fierce reserve.
Gone were his flamboyant trap
pings—his medals, his glittering
uniform, his field marshal’s baton—
as he strode into the courtroom be
tween two stalwart military police
men. His shabby gray suit hung
limply about him.
Presiding Lord Justice Geoffrey
Lawrence, cold and impersonal,
gazed sternly at the No. 2 Nazi
chieftain and sentenced him to die
on the gallows. Under the pitiless
glare of the kleig lights not a muscle
of Goering’s face moved.
Ribbentrop Is Stunned.
Joachim von Ribbentrop, the
dandy of the Nazi cabinet who as
Foreign Minister once strutted
proudly across Europe’s diplomatic
stage, was stunned when he heard
his death sentence. Gray and sickly,
he had to be helped from the room
by military police.
Aging Field Marshal Wilhelm
Keitel, Hitler’s ‘military yes-man,
heard his doom silently. When the
court pronounced the death sen
tence he turned silently and went
back through the small door in the
dock.
Tall, hulking Ernst Kaltenbrunner,
once chief of the {head Gestapo, still
looked easily the fiercest of the de
fendants. He bowed ironically when
the court sentenced him to hang.
The man who scourged occupied
Russia, Nazi philosopher Alfred Ro
senberg, straightened his coat, folded
his hands and waited impassively
until his sentence of death was read.
Stocky Hans Frank, killer of thou
sands of Jews, nodded curtly when
the jfidge sentenced him to the gal
lows.
The most hated man in the dock—
hated by the defendants themselves
—was Jew Baiter Julius Streicher,
(See SENTENCING, Page A-4.)
Jackson Voices Regret
At Court's Acquittal
Of Schacht,Vou Papen
U. S. Prosecutor Doubtful
Of Decision's Effect
On Future Trials
•y rtw Auociatod trmt
NUERNBERG, Oct. 1—Justice
Robert H. Jackson, chief Amer
ican prosecutor, said tdday he
regretted the international Mil
itary Tribunal had acquitted
Hjalmar Schacht and Franz von
Papen, and expressed doubt how
the acquittal would affect fu
ture trials of German militarists
and industrialists.
Justice Jackson also expressed re
gret that the four-power tribunal
had refused "to declare the crimi
nality of the general staff.” He
praised, however, the general terms
of the tribunal's history-making
judgment.
Text of Statement.
The text of Justice Jackson's state
ment:
“On behalf of all the nations we
prosecutors asked the conscientious
and independent judgment of the
members of the tribunal as to the
guilt of these men and organizations.
This we have now received.
“In sustaining and applying the
(See PROSECUTORS,^Page A-4.)
Report of Attack on Tito,
Heard in London, is Denied
%Y tW» Associated Pros*
LONDON, Oct. 1.—London buzzed
last night with unconfirmed rumors
of an attempt on the life of Mar
shal Tito, Yugoslav Prime Minister,
but Tanjug, official Yugoslav news
agency, said the reports were un
founded.
“A typical wishful thinking story
such as originates in Rome and
Athens,” said Tanjug. “There’s
nothing to it.”
The Yugoslav Embassy said it had
heard nothing to confirm the report.
The Soviet monitor, saying the
office was flooded with telephone
calls, issued a memo to editors say
ing:
"In case you start inquiring from
us (inview of the rumors now going
around), we have had nothing so
far of an attempt on Marshal Tito.”
Commercial cable and radio com
panies later reported a mysterious
break in communications with Yu
goslavia, but a few hours after that
the Associated Press got a message
through to Belgrade.
Thousands of College Students
In D. C. Hit by Text Shortage
(Picture on Page B-l.)
District college students by the
thousands are coming away from
bookstores empty handed every day
as a Nation-wide shortage ot text
books threatens the higher educa
tion system, it was learned today.
With three of Washington’s five
major universities in full classroom
swing and the other two scheduled
to begin work in all schools this
week, the lack of textbooks already
is posing a major problem.
Students who have been forming
block-long lines in front of the city’s
book stores during the last week say
for the most part that they can’t
get the texts professors have as
signed them for their courses.
It is doubtful whether more
than 50 per cent of the expected
overall college enrollment of ap
proximately 25,000—about 40 per
cent of them veterans seeking edu
cation under the GI Bill of Rights
at-will be able to get all assigned
textbooks during the early days
of the fall tern, educators say.
Hardest hit among the schools
already open is George Washing
ton University, with an enroll
ment of about 10,000. Students*
have returned to their professors
in droves, university officials said,
to report local bookshops are com
pletely out of the freshman eco
nomics text.
Students of English likewise have
been unable to obtain their re
quired books, according to Ernest
F. Shepard, executive officer of
G. W. U.’s English department. Dr.
Wood Gray, who holds the same
position in the History Depart
ment, said his pupils had long since
exhausted the available supply of
a text on Canadian history.
The lack of books has been caused
by a combination of circumstances,
mostly war-born and led off by the
country-wide paper shortage, pub
lishers say. v
Lloyd W. King, executive seere
k (See BOOKS, Page A-12.)* 1
Justice Tempered
With Mercy in
Trial Climax
By Newbold Noyes, Jr.
Star Staff Correspondent
NUERNBERG, Oct. 1.—Justice
was strongly tempered with
mercy in this afternoon's 40
minute ^climax to the unprece
dented international trial which
has been in progress here since
last November 20. The proceed
ings were packed with drama,
a* much for what did not hap
pen as for what did.
One by one 18 of Hitler’s bench
men were brought to face the judg
ment the world imposed on them.
Not one gave evidence of the ter
rible tension which each must have
felt in his 32d appearance.
Each entered the prisoner’s dock
through elevator doors at the rear
and stood quietly to listen to Justice
Lawrence’s words through ear
phones. Most did not realize that
they would hear only one brief
sentence and therefore failed to re
move the headset when the Judg
ment had been pronounced. Mili
tary guards then signaled that the
ordeal was finished and the con
demned men took off the ear
phones and went quietly back into
tbe elevator.
Significance in Proceedings.
What happened here today had a
signifleanse in comparison to which
the actual defendants meant little.
In this courtroom the conscience of
a world sick of tyranny and the war
it breeds asserted its right to judge
and to punish duly constituted
rulers who have done it violence.
The spectators who packed into
the courtroom at the Palace of Jus
tice witnessed a parade of men who
stood for all tbe things the world
must overcome If it is to succeed
in its quest for peace. They were
all there, the big ones and the less
big, ihe gentlemen and the thugs,
tid the stupid. Each
in the system thatj
ich In his wag was
Ugmtient of Blt
lar’s terrible brew.
ufttfiay Eaten.
Just before three o’clock the doors
at the rear of the prisoners dock
opened to admit two American
military police who took up po
sitions on either aide of the en
trance. A moment later Hermann
Goering walked Into the room.
The former reichsmarshal suc
cessor-designate to Hitler. Luft
waffe chief tan and president of the
Reichstag, whose fabulous ambi
tions, acquisitions, failures and
crimes have made his name Infa
mous in the earth's farthest corners
—hesitates for a moment, standing
alone.
JTbia was the man who in 1938
spurred on the workers in German
aircraft factories by telling them he
wanted bombers big enough tostop
those “arrogant mouths” in New
York and Washington.
Tbwaght He was Strong.
That he failed to get them is not
the point. The point is that Goer
ing elected, while the rest of the
world sought peace, to argue with
bombs and tanks instead of with
words and ideas—not because he
was stupid, but because he thought
he was strong.
This man was Hitler’s right hand.
He has been singing psalms in his
cell of late, but much of the old
arrogance, the swaggering misguided
courage, is still with him at this
moment. As soon as he has put
on his earphones, Justice Lawrence
starts reading the sentence, Goering
stops him with a wave of the hand.
His headset is not working.
Apparently perfectly calm he
stands by for a full two minutes
while soldiers tinker with the ap
paratus. At last the difficulty is
straightened out and Justice Law
rence’s words, in German transla
tion, come through to Goering:
“On the counts of the indictment
on which you have been convicted,
the International Military Tribunal
sentences you to death by hanging.’’
Rudolf Hess Next.
Next to be brought to the dock was
Rudolf Hess, the man who, in his
day, followed Hitler more closely and
blindly than all the rest. Two months
ago he told this court “if I were
once more at the beginning I should
act once more as I did act, even
though I knew that at the end I
should meet death on a bonfire.”
If Hess is not crazy, he is a great
actor. He could be either—or both.
This 'heavy-browed, frizzle haired
man of 47, with his sickly pallor and
permanent 5 o’clock shadow condi
tion, gave the war one of its most
dramatic episodes in his 1941 flight
to Britain.
He gave this trial its most dramatic
(See NOYES, Page A-5.)
Court Refuses to Lift
Bon on Photographers
Zy tin Associated Press
NUERNBERG, Oct. 1.—Despite
protests which poured In from Amer
ican and British newspapers, the
International Military Tribunal re
fused to relent today In Its decision
to Jjar photographers from the
Nuernberg courtroom during the
reading of sentences.
The tribunal’s attitude was that
it wanted nothing to impair the
dignity of the court during the his
toric session. A committee repre
senting the international press con
tended without avail there had
been no complaint during the 10
months of the trial agsdnst the
photographers.
it'finds '
WUGUIIJY
dTiftw _A
Truculent Turtle Lands
At Columbus, Setting
11,237-Mile Record
Navy Bomber Expected
To Fiy On to Washington
After Being Refueled
Setting a new record for long
distance nonstop flying, the
Navy’s new patrol bomber, the
Truculent Turtle, landed at Co
lumbus, Ohio at 12:28 pm., E8T,
today after a flight from Perth,
Australia.
When the plane rolled to a stop
at the Columbus airport, it had
traveled 11,237 miles since taking off
late Sunday. £
The unofficial elapsed time was
90 hours and 18 minutes.
Id reaching Columbus, the plane
fell only a few hundred miles short
of its hoped-for destination—the
Anacostia Naval Air Station here.
Expected Here About 4 P.M.
According to officials at the air
station, the plane, with its crew of
four and a baby kanagroo, is ex
pected to take off for Washington
this afternoon after it has been
refueled. It will arrive here about
4 pm. if this schedule is followed
according to Anacostia officers.
Keeping in almost constant touch
with various radio stations operated
by the Civil Aeronautics Authority
as it streaked across the country,'
the crew, which included Comdr.
Walter 6. Reid, a former Eastern
High School student, indicated as it
passed Des Moines, Iowa, that it
would not reach Washington.
As its fuel dropped to the 400
gallon mark, the crew asked for
weather conditions at Columbus,
Pittsburgh, Morgantown and Wash
ington—indicating that they would
fly as far as possible, but at the
same time showing that they were
planning to land at the nearest-fleld
when their fuel trickled to a low
level.
Weary from their long grind, the
flyers nevertheless were jubilant over
their record-smashing dash. The
previous long-distance record was
8,198 miles, set by the Army B-29
Dreambo&t in a flight last Novem
ber from Guam to Washington.
Wives Here Disappointed.
Piloting the big, two-engined
plane on the history-making flight
was Comdr. Thomas Davis of Cleve
land, but who now is assigned to
the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics
here.
Naturally disappointed at the fail
ure of the plane to reach Washing
ton were the wives of three of the
crew members who were waiting
here.
They were Mrs. Davies, a former
lieutenant in the WAVES, and the
wives of Comdr. E. P. Rankin of Sa
pulpa, Okla., and Comdr. Reid.
Comdr. Roy H. Tabeling of Jack
sonville, Pla., the fourth member of
the crew, as listed as unmarried.
The Navy had announced at 12:45
am. today that t^ie Turtle had
broken the long distance record after
it had made its first contact with
the West Coast.
Some anxiety previously had been
felt for the plane and its crew be
(See TURTLE, Page A-3.)
Cordell Hull, 7 5, Suffers Stroke;
Condition Held'Satisfactory'
Stricken After Work
On Peace Resume at
Bethesda Hospital
Former Secretary of State
Cordell Hull suffered a slight
stroke at Bethesda Naval Hos
pital last night, the Navy De
partment announced today. His
condition was said to be “satis
factory today.
Mr. Hull, who will be 75 years
old tomorrow, entered the Naval
Hospital September 12 for a com
plete checkup and rest.
The stroke came after he spent
the day with an associate preparing
a 1,000-word statement giving his
views on the present world situa
tion and prospects for Peace, to be
released tomorrow morning.
Mrs. Huli was at the hospital with
her husband, who was said to be
entirely conscious and apparently
recovering from the stroke. However,
his doctors ordered complete rest.
Mr. Hull has been working for the
last several months at his apart
ment in the Wardman Park Hotel
on his memoirs and maintaining a
keen interest in world affairs. He
resigned as Secretary of State two
years ago due to poor health.
News that he had suffered the
stroke came shortly after Acting
CORDELL HULL.
—AP Photo.
Secretary of State Dean AcheSoh
had opened a news conference by
saying that he wanted to join mil
lions of Americans in wishing Mr.
Hull a long life and happy returns
mi his birthday anniversary to
morrow'. '
Cattle Men Paying
Near-Record Prices
For Feeder Calves
♦
Hope to Market Stock
At Higher Figure After
OPA Controls End
By Malcolm Lamborne, Jr.
Star Staff Corr«poml*nt
OMAHA, Oct. 1.—Livestock
men are betting that cattle
prices will remain above current
OPA ceilings after the Price
Control Act expires aitd are pay
ing near-record prices today for
calves which will not reach ma
turity for marketing for prob
ably another two years.
The three all-time price records
set yesterday at the Union Stock
yards here, second largest in the
United States, bore out comments
that Stockers and feeders are specu
lating on the end of controls before
the cattle are ready for market and
that such cattle can be sold there
after at continuing high levels.
There are no ceilings on cattle sold
to stockers and feeders or on calves
sold to persons, other than slaugh
terers, who plan to keep them to ma
turity. Most calves being bought
here now would have to be wintered,
pastured next summer and still
woijld not be full grown.
More Cattle Arriving.
Yesterday’s Omaha records ranged
from $20 to $23 per 100 pounds on
several carloads of choice-heifers and
calves. Hie national ceiling is $20.25
(See LAMBORNE, Page A-5.)
Frost Is Forecast Tomorrow
After Drop to 46 Low Today
Scattered light frost, the first of
the® year, today was forecast for
early tomorrow in Washington
suburbs, with the' temperature
reaching 43 degrees, a new low for
this fall.
( As for today, the Weather Bureau
says the skies will be clear and the
crisp morning cold will give way to
temperatures up to 65 degrees. A
30-mile-an-hour wind will continue
virtually unabated until tonight.
Yesterday’s gusts diminished last
night, but rose again early this
morning. Lowest, temperature re
corded this morning was 46 de
grees, rock-bottom so far for the
season. Highest yesterday was 64
degrees, recorded in the afiKnoon.
Relative humidity stood at about
50 per cent this morning, and is
expected to drop slightly as the
mercury climbs in the afternoon.
A sunny day is forecast again for
tomorrow, with slightly warmer
weather expected. Temperatures
will range into the upper 60s.
Sy the Associated Press
An unseasonal gust of cold air
swept down from Canada across
five Northeastern States today, and
brought heavy snow, high winds
and subfreezing temperatures.
Northern New York, Vermont, New
Hampshire and portions of Maine
and Massachusetts reported snow,
ranging from flurries to an 8-inch
fall at Malone, N. Y. near the
Canadian border. 'A
Border Change Asked
By Greece Denied
By Peace Commission
Group Votes, 10 to 1,
To Maintain 1941
Bulgarian Frontier
BULLETIN
PARIS (^. — Yugoslavia
pleaded today for a special
position in the projected free
international zone of Trieste
and declared that if this de
mand was not met the zone
was doomed to be “stifled to
death.”
By tKo Associated Press
PARIS, Oct. 1.—A Peace Con
ference commission voted today
to maintain the prewar Greek
Bulgarian frontier, refusing by
an overwhelming majority to
grant the border “rectifications”
sought by Greece.
The Bulgarian Political Commis
sion, in the wake of a Military Com
mission decision to demilitarize the
Bulgarian side of the line, voted,
10 to 1, to maintain the 1941 Bul
garian borders. Only Greece op
posed the move, with Holland and
South Africa abstaining.
The Commission prefaced that
step by rejecting. 8 to 2, with three
abstentions, a Greek proposal to
move the frontier northward to take
in mountain ranges which Greek
Delegate Kimon Diamantopoulos in
sisted were necessary to protect the
northern panhandle of his country
from invasion.
Only Greece and South Afrtcg
voted for that proposal, with Brit
ain, India and New Zealand abstain
ing. The United States, Australia
and the Slav states opposed it.
Others Press to Finish.
In deciding Bulgaria’s frontiers,
the Bulgarian political Commission
virtually concluded its work, with
only the actual writing and approval
of Its final report remaining on the
agenda.
Other commissions pressed to get
their work done by the October S
deadline.
The Balkan and Finland Eco
nomic Commission adopted an ar
ticle requiring Bulgaria to return
property looted from Allied nations
and tackled another clause which
would require Bulgaria to restore
Allied prewar legal rights.
The military commission over
ruled a Slav group effort to modify
demilitarization of Bulgaria's fron
tier with Greece. Slav spokesmen
sought to alter definitions so as to
(See COHERENCE, |gge A-J.)'
Ocean Shipping
On All Coasts
Halted by Strike
Some Hope Is Held
For Settlement at
New Parleys Today
By James Y. Newton
A second great maritime strike
within a month halted ocean
shipping on coasts today as
licensed officers walked out fol
lowing failure of Labor Depart
ment conferences here to bring
about contract agreement.
Government efforts to confine the
strike to the West Coast continued
until 4 am. today when talks with
East and Gulf Coast shipowners and
the unions finally were recessed.
There was some hope that a settle
ment among those groups might be
reached when conferences are re
sumed this afternoon.
The two unions involved in the
strike are the CIO Marine Engi
neers Beneficial Association, repre
senting engineroom licensed per
sonnel, and the AFL, Masters, Mates
and Pilots, representing deck offi
cers. Their contracts with ship op
erators of all coasts expired last
midnight.
An estimated 25,000 total mem
bership of the two union is involved
directly in the strike, although all
of the maritime unions are expected
to support the stoppage. The CIO
Engineers is the larger of the two
with about 15,000 members.
Longshoremen Also on Strike.
CIO Longshoremen, headed by
Harry Bridges, whose contract also
expired at midnight, were striking,
too. The union represents dock
workers only on the West Coast.
The strategy of Mr. Bridges’ group
was to hold port mass meetings in
stead of reporting for work, although
3,000 longshoremen in Los Angeles
and 2,000 in Seattle actually stopped
work. Troop, troop supply ships
and relief vessels, however, were
still being serviced in Seattle.
This second major shipping tieup
follows by only two weeks the great
17-day strike of seamen and other
unlicensed merchant marine per
sonnel which began September 5.
American shipping was only begin
ning to free itself from the earlier
all-coast stoppage when the second
blow struck this morning.
Frantic efforts of Labor Depart
ment conciliators to avert the new
strike were thwarted shortly after
midnight when representatives of
the West Coast shipowners rejected
the demands of the two unions for
more favorable hiring terms.
For several hours after that the
concilators kept the two unions and
Eastern shipping interests together
in the hope of confining the strike
to the Pacific.
Union Demands Rejected.
Officials of the Pacific' American
Shipowners’ Association flatly re
jected the unions’ demands for
“union security” similar to the plan
already in effect in the East.
Marion Plant, attorney, and
Wallace Brown, secretary of the
association, met with the Maritime
Commission and Secretary of Labor
Schwellenbach until 1:30 am. in
an effort to get over the hurdle.
Federal officials said the ship oper
ators’ representatives repeatedly
said “no” to the unions’ demands.
Mr. Plant said he and Mr. Brown
had not thought of the next move.
Mr. Plant said:
"I assume the strike is on, and I
assume any further negotiations will
be back home where they should
have been in the first place.”
Owners Opposed Meeting Here.
The West Coast owners had con
tended that their negotiations should
have been held at San Francisco
and resisted Mr. Schwellenbach’a
plans to have all sides meet here.
This delayed the start of the Wash
ington conferences until Saturday
night, only about 48 horns before
the strike deadline.
Contracts of the licensed officers
unions with most Eastern operators
call for “preferential hiring” of new
men. This means that union mem
bers are hired in preference to non
union men.
The unions in the East also have
“maintenance of membership.”
Under such a clause, ordered into
contracts widely by the War Labor
(See MARITIME, Page A^lT)
Cards Lead Dodgers,
1-0, at End of First
By Francis E. Stann
ST. LOUIS, Oct. 1.—The St. Louis
Cardinals ruled favorites in heavy
pre-grame betting today as the Red
birds and the Brooklyn Dodgers met
in the first battle of two-out-of
three series to determine the Na
tional League pennant champion.
Pollet was the Cardinal pitcher,
with Branca the Dodger choice.
The Cards led, 1 ta 0, at the end
of the first inning.
Local betting commissioners put
the odds in favor of the Cardinals
as 13 to 20 while the Dodgers were
quoted at 13 to 10.
FIRST INNING.
BROOKLYN—Schoendienst made
a nice stop and threw out Stanky.
Lavagetto filed to Moore. Med wick
bounced to Schoendienst. No rims.
ST. LOUIS—Schoendienst took a
called strike, Branca making only
three pitches. Moore singled sharply
to left. Musial looked at a called
third strike. Slaughter singled to
right, Moore taking third. Higbe
began warming up for the Dodgers.
Kurowski walked on four pitches
and the bases were loaded. Gara
giola went to a three-and-two count
with Branca and then beat out a
slow roller to Reese, scoring Moore
and leaving the bases filled. H.
Walker forced Garagiola, Reese to
Stanky. One run.