Evening star. [volume], April 16, 1947, Page A-4, Image 4

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Russia Gets 96 Pet.
Of Reparations Sent
From American Zone
■y.tha Associated Press
BERLIN, April 16. — Ninety-six
per cent of Industrial reparations
^shipments from the American occu
pation zone of Germany up to Jan
uary 31, have gone to the Soviet
Union, Gen. Lucius D. Clay, Amer
ican military governor, disclosed to
day in a monthly report.
At the end of January, the report
said, actual shipments from the
American zone totaled nearly 44,000
tons, representing equipment from
nine plants. Russai received 42,100
I tons and the remainder went to the
: United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia,
Belgium and Prance.
' According to the terms of the
i Potsdam agreement, Russia and
‘ Poland are to receive 25 per oent of
capital goods reparations from the
j western zones and the Western Al
lied nations 75 per cent.
rwiory nigi cut 10 iwi.
Gen. Clay’s report, which reviewed
military government activities dur
ing January, also disclosed that by
i four-power agreement the number
'of German factories listed for re
parations in the three western zones
(occupied by the United States,
Britain and France) had been re
duced from 740 to 704.
These adjustments represented
corrections in plant descriptions,
cancellations of plants found to be
of no value and an upward revision
in the cement capacity to be re
tained in Germany.
’ The report said it had been agreed
to leaye Germany an annual cement
production capacity of 8,348.000
metric tons. Cement plants remain
ing earmarked for reparations have
a total annual capacity of 5,895,000
metric tons. In the readjustment
four cement plants were taken off
the reparations list.
' Health Conditions Cited.
Of the 704 plants composing the
revised reparations list in Western
Germany. 153 are in the American
zone, 473 in the British and 78 in the
French.
Of the 153 reparations plants in
the American zone, 107 have been
approved for allocation and delivery
to recipient nation^. Twenty-two
have been approved only for evalua
tion and submission of bids by
claimant nations and 24 have been
I approved for evaluation purposes
■ only.
Gen. Clay’s report, reflecting win
ter difficulties, spoke gravely of
health conditions in the American
zone — especially concerning tuber
culosis.
“Tuberculosis control is the most
serious problem in the fleld of com
municable diseases," the report said.
The general health situation de
teriorated as deaths increased and
the birth rate declined. Mortality
increases were especially significant
among infants and persons more
than 70 years old.
Palestine
'Continued From First Page.l
bances. One officer at Tel Aviv said,
•‘We hope this curfew, will not last
too long.”
Gruner, a 33-year-old Hungarian
veteran of the British Army, and
the three others were members of
Irgun Zvai Leuml. the Jewish under
ground organization which claims
to have been responsible for most
of Palestine's bloodletting in recent
months.
Gruner was sentenced January 1
by a British military court which
found him guilty of participating in
a raid on the Ramat Gan police
station last April 23 in which two
policemen were killed and Gruner
wounded.
The three others— Dov Ben Salman
Rosenbaum, 24; Elieser Ben Zion
Kashani, 23. and Mordecai Ben
Abraham Alkachi, 21—were con
demned February 10 by another
military court which convicted them
of having arms and whips in their
possession when they were arrested
December 23, the night a British
major and three sergeants were
flogged by the underground in re
taliation for the whipping of an
I Irgun member.
Prison sources said Gruner, first
of the four to die, sang the Jewish
national anthem "Hatikvah” <Free
! dom> all the while he was on
I the scaffold waiting for the noose
to be adjusted, and that these were
his last words:
"So long as a Jewish soul remains
in our heart; so long as I look
toward Zion, we will not give up
; hope, the age-long hope to return
to the country of our fathers and to
the city where David lived.”
Rosenbaum, Kashani and Alkashi
followed him to the scaffold in that
order, all singing the anthem and
all, prison attaches said, equally
courageous.
Reprisals Threatened.
Irgun repeatedly has threatened
reprisals against the British if their
"soldiers” were hanged and British
Colonial Secretary Arthur Creech
Jones declared in February that
Gruner's death almost certainly
would signal a new blood bath in
the Holy Land. .
In an effort to bar just such a
development, the British clamped a
strict security ring around almost
every Jewish quarter in the land,
putting an estimated 400.000 Jews
under house arrest. Roads were
blocked and only the most essential
traffic was permitted to move.
Gruner, the first Jew to be ex
ecuted for terrorism in Palestine
since Shlomo Ben Youssef, was
hanged in August. 1938. has become,
since his conviction, a symbol of
Irgun Zvai Leumi'a violent policies
against the British.
He had adamantly refused to take
any action on his own behalf, main
taining that he was a prisoner of
war and should be treated as one.
When it appeared, early this year,
that he was to be hanged, Irgun
kidnaped two British civilians—H.
A. Collins and Judge Ralph Wynd
ham—as hostages and held them
until Gruner seemed out of imme
diate danger.
Appeals were taken for him to
Palestine courts and to the Privy
Council in London, Britain’s highest
court, but all were rejected, except
one, which was reported still pend
ing before the Privy Council.
Max Seligman. a Tel Aviv attor
ney representing all four men. said
when he learned of their deaths
that he had intended to visit them
at Acre prison this morning to
discuss their case.
“I am at a loss to understand
why this moment has been chosen
to execute them.” he declared,
■while we still are engaged in the
final stages of a legal battle to
save their livee.” .
Legal experts here said that while
it was customary for authorities to,
await tha outcome of an appeal,
*
they Pert not under edtapulkiM to
do so. |
Mrs. Helen Friedman of Lan
caster. Pa., Gruner'* sister, bunt
Into tears when told that her
brother was dead:
“Why, oh, why, did they have to
do this?” she sobbed.
She said she had been promised
! yesterday that she would be per
mitted "to see Gruner again today.
;She left Tel Aviv, where she had
jbeen conferring with Mr. Sellgman,
| early this morning for Safad, a
Jewish city near Roshpina, where
! it was believed the four would be
, buried.
Mrs. Friedman flew here several
weeks ago to aid in the legal light
for her brother. She visited him
in prison several times but Gruner
steadfastly refused, despite her
pleas, to appeal on his own behalf.
Three other Jews remain under
death sentence in Palestine, but two
of the sentences have not yet been
confirmed by the military com
mander. All death sentences had
been held up pending the outcome
of the Gruner case, regarded as the
key to all of them.
The execution of Gruner and the
others at a time when appeals were
pending was denounced as "unorth-:
odox and certainly un-British" by
• the London Committee for the De-f
fense of Jewish Prisoners, an organ
isation that provides legal aid for
Palestinian jews.
Prices
* Continued From First Page.)
too high, but there are a great many i
factors involved,” he said. "I can’t j
go along with the President’s idea j
that the alternative to bringing j
them down is to put wages up. An
Increase in wages now will just peg
prices, permanently higher.”
Instead, Senator Taft said, he
| hopes there will be “a leveling off”
process by which prices will drop
and thus offset demands for higher j
'pay.
The White House reported today j
! several business firms have informed
President Truman that they have
cut prices.
Presidential Press Secretary
! Charles G. Ross told reporters about
| the messages, but did not say defl
I nitely how many had been received
or who sent them.
Mr. Truman has expressed con
cern about high prices and has sug
gested that business ought to reduce
them.
He told a news conference last
week that if prices don't come down,
wage increases would be justified.
Democratic members of the joint
I committee subsequently have been
l pounding at this point.
World Adjustment Difficult.
Senator Taft noted that while It;
may be possible to force the prices:
of manufactured products down, the
world demand for foodstuffs is such
that there would be more difficulty
in bringing about adjustments in |
that field.
Yesterday, Secretary of the'Treas
ury Snyder opposed easing install
ment buying restrictions on scarce!
goods—or tax cuts—at this time,
contending they would promote buy
ing pressures and higher prices.
Mr. Snyder struck a hopeful note
on price cuts at a news conference.
He observed "evidences” of reduc
tions and said that next week there
may be “something more specific in
' some of the larger manufacturing
and wholesale fields.” He would not
elaborate. - j
| Rent Boost Meeting Cance'ed.
Meanwhile, House Republican'
leaders had hold of what some con
ceded privately is a political as well
I as an economic hot potato—a pro
posal to increase rents by 10 per
cent.
The Banking Committee had
planned a session today to recon
sider a 8-to-4 vote approving such
a rent increase two weeks ago, but
canceled the meeting after the
House Republican Steering Commit
tee failed in a two-hour closed-door
conference yesterday to reach a de
cision whether to sanction the boost.
Speaker Martin said the party
high command will try again, prob
ably later this week.
Chairman Wolcott of the House
Banking Committee said the rent
action must harmonize with general
economic trends, and with the find
ings of the Senate-House Economic
Committee.
However, Representative Buffett, i
Republican, of Nebraska, author of
the proposed 10 per cent rent in
crease, said he is prepared to battle
any effort to reverse the Banking
Committee's action.
Undertakers
(Continued From First Page.)
what got him into funeral direction
and the witness replied, ‘‘Yes, but
I have been reborn.”
Representative Deane. Democrat,
of North Carolina told the witness
he was making a "serious attack"
on some of the best minds of the
country when he challenged the
wisdom of the State Legislatures of
all 48 States which have license
laws.
Mr. Chambers insisted "they are
all out of step. The public would
be better off if the States didn't
have such laws.” y
Mr. Miller said he was inclined to
agree with some of the statements
of the witness who protested that
undertakers should not be placed on
a board licensing and regulating
undertakers and embalmers.
"Of course.” Mr. Chambers quick
ly replied, “you are an intelligent
man. I'm not talking to a fool.”
After two hours of debate the!
hearing was adjourned to meet
again some day next week.
Canadian Accuses
Press of Distorting
Facts on Newsprint
•y *h» A»ocial*d Frau
MONTREAL, April 16.—R. M,
Fowler, president of the Newsprint
Association of Canada, said in a
statement last night that sections
of the Canadian and American press!
recently have carried "distorted and;
incomplete reports" concerning;
newsprint supply, price and dis
tribution.
Terming it extraordinary that the
"criticism about the profits of news
print producers should come from
any newspaper publisher,” Mr.
Fowler said such publishers "seem
to overlook the fact that a free and
prosperous newsprint Industry is a
necessary foundation for their own
enterprises and for the system in
which they believe.”
His statement said that while j
Canadian newsprint mills were
making more profits than formerly,
they also were making more paper
and American mills had "decided to
reduce their production of newsprint
and turn to other products." He
said the Canadian newsprint indus
try was operating at capacity, which
had been increased by the expendi
ture of large sums to improve op
erating efficiency.
Forced to Expand Wood Production.
Canadian mills have been able to
increase production only by "ex
traordinary efforts” to expand wood
production and this had involved
"going farther and farther to ob
tain pulpwood,” Mr. Fowler said.
He added that both types of ex
penditures—in the mills and in the
woods—had expanded because low
prices for newsprint during the de
pression years before and during the
war had made it necessary to defer
needed improvements.
His statement said that "almost
every Canadian newsprint manu
facturer" had been approached with
offers to pay greatly in excess of
the market price but such offers had
been refused. "Fantastic prices of
$175 and $300 per ton on spot sales
of newsprint are frequently report
ed.” Mr. Fowler said.
The association president said
there was "no known case” of any
small publisher being forced to sus
pend publication through faUure of
newsprint supply from a Canadian
mill. Canadian producers have
sought, he said, to provide a fair
share of their production to their
smaller customers and to many
other publishers, small and large*
"left stranded” by diversions of
United States newsprint mills to
other products.
Charges Hoarding by Some Firms.
Mr. Fowler said that if smaller
users were unable to obtain suffi
cient supplies for their needs, it
could only be because other users
were keeping more than their share.
Mr. Fowler said an example of
distorted reports was a recent bulle
j tin of the American Newspapers
I Publishers Association. He said
! the entire issue had been devoted
to a collection of press reports care
fully selected to leave the impres
sion that Canadian newsprint mills
were making enormous profits and
were taking advantage of the pres-j
ent paper shortage to get all the]’
traffic would bear.
He continued: • • • “in these
press reports no attempt is made
to point out that newsprint sold at
depression levels during most of
the war years when prices were
frozen. There is no reference to
the fact that price adjustments
granted by the Government near
the end of the war and after the
war did little more than compen
sate for increased production costs
and loss of exchange premium.”
The last Increase in price of news
print went into effect April 1 for
several leading companies and oth
ers follewed. Canadian Interna
tional led the way with announce
ment March 21 of the April 1 in
crease, raising prices $6 a ton to
the basic figures of $86 in Canada
and $90 in the United States.
burned, indicating an attempt to
tet off the explosives had misfired.
A Colonial Office spokesman,
asked whether h* thought there
was any connection between
Gruner’s death ahd the planting
of the explosives, declared: “It
looks as if it is more than a coinci
dence.”
Other observers recalled that
Irgun Zvai Leumi, Jewish extremist
organization, had threatened ven
geance for the execution of any of
its ‘‘soldiers.’'
Fennd by Staff Member.
The bomb, wrapped as a brown
paper parcel, was found by a staff
member in a women's lavatory on
the second floor of a four-story
building used by the Colonial office
departments. The building is a
short distance from the Prime Min
ister's residence at No. 10 Downing
Street. *
About 100 persons normally work
in the building where the bomb was
found, but only a few were in the
section where it was discovered.
[ Other government departments
were warned immediately to search
! their offices and to keep a check on
: all visitors.
The office near which the bomb
was found is visited by several call
ers each day. Police said without
comment that among the visitors
are usually some persons interested
in exports to Palestine. A record
of most visitors is kept.
Four of Scotland Yard's senior
officials were placed in charge of
the investigation—two from the spe
cial branch which deals with po
litical offenses and two from the
criminal investigation department.
Threats Received Previously.
Scotland Yard investigators said
the bomb might have been placed
by a woman visitor or might have
been planted during the night by a
person who gained entrance through
a window.
Telephoned threats against the
Colonial Office, the houses of Par
liament and other buildings were
received several months ago, but
prior to the finding of the bomb
today there had been no untoward
developments.
The threats followed announce
ments by Palestine underground
leaders that they would carry their
"war against the British” into
Britain itself.
Extra guards were placed around
public buildings at various times
last year and rigid security precau
tions were taken when King George
and Queen Elizabeth rode through
the streets to Westminster to open
the new session of Parliament.
London
■ Continued From First Page.!
where the bomb was found, to repair
a run in her stocking.
Nothing suspicious was found at
the War Office, which was searched
thoroughly late this afternoon after
an anonymous telephoner told Scot
land Yard: "There is an organiza
tion which is going to blow up the
War Office at 1800 hours (4 p.m.) to
day.”
A Colonial Office spokesman said
the blast attempt was "part of the
Jewish terrorist activities against
this country."
Police said the bomb was com
posed of 24 sticks of a French ex
plosive resembling gelignite—not as
powerful as they believed at flrst
when they reported the bomb could
have wrecked the entire four-story
building.
Police, who removed the bomb
for examination by Home Office ex
perts, found the fuse partially
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Foreign
(Continued From First Page.i
the possibility of offering a resolu
tion putting Congress on record as
condemning Mr. Wallace.
As the chorus of congressional
criticism of Mr. Wallace died down,
however, administration leaders in
dicated they think passage of the
bill will be a much more effective
enswer abroad than any such resolu
tion. Attorney General Clark said
the same thing in his address to the
Philadelphia Democrats.
Senator McClellan, Democrat, of
Arkansas, who drafted the censure
resolution, said he is holding it back
for a day or two to see what hap
pens. A somewhat similar proposal
Offered in the House by Representa
tive Rivers, Democrat, of South
Ckrolfna seemed likely to gather
dust in the files of the House For
eign Affairs Committee.
While congressional reaction to
Mr. Clark’s speech waasiow- devel
oping, it appeared fhat many law
makers would have preferred an
unveiled administration crackdown
on Mr. Wallace.
Visited White House Monday.
Mr. Clark himself refused to ac
knowledge to reporters that he was
referring to Mr. Wallace, saying:
"The speech speaks for itself."
Lending weight, however, to the
general belief that the Attorney
General had some form of presi
dential clearance for his remarks
is the fact that he was a White
House visitor Monday at a time
when the furore over Mr. Wallace
was at its peak.
Three Scholastic Awards
Slated at G. W. Prom
Three scholastic awards will be
made during the annual Pan
Hellenic prom of George Washing-!
ton University at the Shoreham'
Hotel at 10 pm. tomorrow'.
Awards will be made to the soror
ity which had the highest scholastic
average between February, 1946, and
February. 1947; to the sorority
pledge who had the highest scho
lastic average from September. 1946,
to February, 1947, and to the senior
sorority member who has the most
outstanding scholastic record.
District Body to Fight
Delinquency Planned
At Meeting on May 2
A permanent Washington body to
combat juvenile delinquency is the
objective of a public meeting to be
held May 2 at the United States
Chamber of Commerce Building, it
was announced today by Austin F.
Canfield, president of the District
Bar Association.
Mr. Canfield said letters to more
than 250 groups and civic leaders
are going out today, asking that
delegates be designated for the
meeting, from which it is hoped a
group will evolve to serve as a
pattern for other communities
throughout the country.
Steering Committee Formed.
A steering committee grew out of
a meeting called yesterday by Attor
ney General Clark at the Justice
Department with newspaper editors,
law officials and civic leaders. The
Attorney General sponsored the re
cent national meeting here on the
juvenile delinquency problem.
Dr. William P. Herbet, president of
! the District Medical Society, told
I yesterday's conference that his or
j ganization will enlist the aid of psy
chiatrists In dealing with the prob
1 lem.
Mr. canneld said that after or
ganization of the Washington body
is complete, the plan will be laid be
fore the American Bar Association,
and the District Bar Association will
urge its use by bar groups through
out the country as a pattern for
similar community programs.
Outgrowth of Special Report.
The meeting at 8 p.m„ May 2.
will be the outgrowth of a special
report on juvenile delinquency sub
mitted to the association by a com
mittee headed by Caesar L. Aiello,
Mr. Canfield pointed out. The com
mittee, formed last July, held a
series of hearings at which clergy
men, school authorities, police offi
cials and others appeared.
It was the committees feeling
that while a number of groups here
are working on the problem, a
well-organized, unified group could
achieve real results.
The bar association on March 11
unanimously adopted the commit
tee's report, which advocates stu
dent tours of city courts, study of
“the California plan,” which pun
ishes and educates parents of juve
nile delinquents, and a unified com
munity effort.
Labor
_<Continued From First Page.)
tighten the original bill by amend
ments on the floor. ■
In either case, he was consider
ing letting Senator Ives. Republi
can, of New York manage the bill
in the Senate so he would be in'
a better position to take pot shots.
Lead Fight for Easier Bill.
Senators Ives and Morse, Repub
lican, of Oregon led a fight in com
mittee for an easier-on-labor bill
on the grounds such a measure is
the only kind that has a chance of
being signed by President Truman.
Senator Taft's committee slashed
from the bill yesterday all restric
tions on the right of unions to
bargain collectively with an entire)
industry. The House measure would
forbid such bargaining almost with
out exception.
Both bills would restrict strikes,)
especially those affecting the na
tional health and safety. They would i
give the Government the right to j
obtain court orders to prevent or
stop such a strike during mediation.
Both bills also ban the closed
shop but allow the union shop. In
a cloeed shop, the boss can hire
nobody but union members. In the
union shop he can hire anyone, but
new workers must Join the union
later.
Moscow
^Continued From First Page.i
which may now be undertaken in1
the Kremlin and in Washington.
Considerable attention was at
tached to the fact that Gen. Mar
shall w’as the first major American
official to see Mr. Stalin following
Mr. Truman’s announcement of his
policy to aid Greece and Turkey.
Thus he was the first, to bring di
rectly to the attention of Soviet
leaders an American statement on
the seriousness with which the
United States Government views
the whole problem of Soviet rela
tions.
Gen. Marshall was believed to
Bats emphasised strongly the feel
ing of regret of the American dele
gation to tile Council of Foreign
Ministers that the Big Four had
been unable to make more progress
particularly on the disarmament
treaty proposals, which collapsed
under the load of Russian Foreign
Minister Molotov’s amendments.
Unless the Marshall-Stalin tall
produced some wholly new and un
expected basis for agreement whidi
has yet to be brought to light. th<
widespread belief here is that the
Moscow conference—now nearing it!
end—will be followed by intensified
big power rivalry in Germany and
elsewhere which will serve to widen
.the already deep east-west spilt.
An official spokesman said Gen
Marshall made a request to see Mr
Stalin the latter part of last week
through Gen. Smith to the,Soviet
Foreign Ministry.
The spokesman declared that
nothing further would be released
about the conference unless Gen.
| Marshall gave it out himself. There
| were indications that the time of
the meeting was fixed by the Krem
lin as late as yesterday.
Baruch
'Continued From First Paget
---—
lour political system; it is the despair
and defeat of those who stand
against us."
Urges 44-Hour Week.
Mr. Baruch said if this country
adopted a 5l-i-day, 44-hour week,
| with no strikes or layoffs until Jan
uary l, 1949, “the result would be
,electrlfying.”
"Production would flow smoothly,”
he said. “A sense of security would
return to worker and employer, and
the reaction upon the economy of
the world would be deep and lasting.
“Until we have unity, until we
straighten out and solve our own
problems of production, and have
internal stability, there is no basis
on which the world can renew itself
physically or spiritually. v
"Upon this change in our material
outlook, there would follow a change
in our sense of security. Make no
mistake: Our military lines are no
stronger than the industry behind
them.
Most Work to Keep Power.
“Unless we work, we shall see a
vast inflation. Unless we work, we
shall not be able to maintain our
claim to power. That would be the
greatest blow we could receive, for
it would strip us of our strength to
preserve our way of life.”
He declared that such a program
would meet the needs of other na
tions. asserting:
“There is no place left to which
to turn for regeneration except to
America. We must answer that call
or we shall fail civilization in its
most tragic moment, and thus our
1 selves.
“We cannot do it by loans, grants,
subsidies, bonuses or pious resolves.
We can do it only by showing the
real might of America—by justice,
I by helpfulness which insists upon
self-help, and Anally, by production
and still more production."
Wallace
(Continued From First Page.)
American press and the Republican
Party applauded Mr. Churchill's
views. Those of us who disagreed
with his views certainly did not deny
the right of this distinguished Brit
ish citizen to speak out in the United
States. That is part of every Amer
ican's fundamental faith in free
speech.
“As Mr. Churchill was invited to;
state his private views in the United;
States, so I was invited to state mine!
in Britain. I have said no more and
no less over here than I have said
in America. I have spoken out for;
a constructive program for peace,
and as lpng as there is hope for
peace I shall continue to speak out.
Mr. Trout. I think that is the Amer
ican way.”
Will Discuss Palestine.
Mr. Wallace said he would tackle
the troublesome Palestine issue to
morrow in a private conference with
• a group of British Parliament mem
• bora
i He Said he had accepted this final
I British engagement in a Whirlwind
. series of public and private talks
; here in order to express "how the
I American Jewish peoples feel" about
t the Holy Land issue.
After the meeting with the Parlia
; ment members, he will fly to Stock
• holm, Denmark and Prance.”
i Mr. Wallace refused comment on
i criticism in Washington of his anti
s i Truman doctrine campaign by Attor
i i ney Gen. Clark.
i Wallace's BBC Address
j Not Published in Russia
j MOSCOW, April 16 (A>).—Ameri
can and British observers In Mos
j cow, who have been following closely
the activities of Henry A. Wallace
in England, expressed surprise to
day that his British Broadcasting
Co. speech Sunday night has not
been published or referred to in the
Soviet press.
The address he made in Manches
ter on Saturday was carried promi
nently, but without comment.
In the past, almost everything Mr.
Wallace has said has been pub
lished here, and the fact that his
BBC speech has not been printed
has created considerable specula
tion among foreigners. No reasons
for the omission have been an
! nounced. ft may, of course, be pub
1 lished later.
—
| In his BBC address Mr. Wallace
declared, among other things, that
“the immense power and wealth of
America is being used for strategic
and military purposes.”
He said the "whole world needs a
new deal, and there will be no peace
until it has one.” He conceded that
Russia is expansionist, but tempered
the concession with a remark that
“Britain was expansionist in the
past and America is expansionist
I in the Pacific and elsewhere today."
He said he did not intend to visit
[Russia on this trip.
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