Evening star. [volume], August 31, 1947, Page A-11, Image 11

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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* Text of Inter-American Defense Treaty
•y th* Asiodattd trui
PETROPOLIS, Brazil, Aug. 30.—
The English text of the inter-Amer
ican treaty of reciprocal assistance
approved today by the Inter-Ameri
c can Conference for Maintenance of
Continental Peace and Security:
In the name of their peoples, the
governments represented at the
Inter-American Conference for
Maintenance of Continental Peace
and Security—inspired by a desire of
consolidating and strengthening
their relations of friendship and
good neighborliness and considering:
That Resolution Eight of the
Inter-American Conference on prob
lems of War and Peace which met in
Mexico City—recommended the con
clusion of a treaty to prevent and
repel threats and acts of aggression
against any of the countries of
America;
That the high contracting parties'
reiterate their will to remain united;
in the inter-American system con
sistent with the purposes and
principles of the United Nations
and reaffirm the existence of an
agreement which they have con-;
eluded concerning those matters re
lating to the maintenance of inter
national peace and security which
are appropriate for regional action; ;
That the high contracting parties
reaffirm their adherence to the prin-!
ciples of inter-American solidarity;
and co-operation and especially to
those set forth in the preamble and
declarations of the Act of Chapulte
pec, all of which should be under-:
stood to be accepted as standards j
of their mutual relations and as the
juridical basis of the inter-Ameri-j
can system;
That the American states pro-1
pose in order to improve procedures
4 nv DnniAe f-nttlement of tVsoir oon.
troversies to conclude a treaty con
cerning "the inter-American peace;
system’’ envisaged In resolution 39 j
of the inter-American conference on!
the problems of war and peace;
That the obligation of mutual as
sistance and common defense of the
American republics is essentially re
lated to their democratic ideals and
to their will to co-operate perma
nently in the fulfillment of the prin
ciples and purposes of a policy of
peace;
That the American regional com
munity affirms as manifest truth
that juridlcial organization is a
necessary prerequisite of security
and peace, is founded on Justice and
moral order and consequently on
international recognition and pro
tection of human rights and free
doms, on indispensable well being of j
the people and on effectiveness of
democracy for the international
realization of justice and security. |
War Formally Condemned.
In conformity with the objectives
stated above and in order to assure
peace through adequate means to
provide for effective reciprocal as
sistance to meet armed attacks
against any American state and in
order to deal with threats of ag'gres- j
sioR against any of them have re-j
solved to conclude the following
treaty;
Article 1. The high contracting
parties formally condemn war and
undertake in their international re
lations not to resort to the threat
or the use of force in any manner;
inconsistent with the provisions of!
the Charter of the United Nations!(
or of this treaty.
Article II. As a consequence of the
principle set forth in the preceding
hints trootinrr nortioc
taken or in contemplation in the
exercise of the right of self-defense
or for the purpose of maintaining
inter-American peace and security.
Article VI. If the inviolability or
the integrity of the territory or the
sovereignty or political independ
ence of any American state should
be afTected by an Regression which
I is not an armed attack or by an,
intercontinental or extracontinen
! tal conflict, or by any other fact or |
situation that might endanger the!
! peace of America, the organ of con
I sultation shall meet immediately in
i order to agree on the measures
which must be taken in case of
aggression to assist the victim of
the aggression or, in any case, the
measures which should be taken for
the common defense and for the
maintenance of the peace and se
curity of the continent.
Suspension of Hostilities.
Article VII. In the case of a con
flict between two or more American
states, without prejudice to the right
of self-defense in conformity with
Article 51 of the Charter of the
United Nations, the high contracting
parties, meeting in consultation, shall
call upon the contending states to
suspend hostilities and restore mat-*
ters to the status quo ante bellum.
and shall take in addition all other
necessary measures to reestablish or
maintain inter-American peace and
security and for the solution of the
conflict by peaceful means. The re
jection of the pacifying action will
be considered in the determination
of the aggressor and in the applica
tion of the measures which the con
sultative meeting may agree upon.
Article VIII. For the purposes of
this treaty, the measures on which
the organ of consultation may agree
will comprise one or more of the
following: recall of chiefs of diplo
matic missions, breaking of diplo
matic relations, breaking of consular
relations, complete or partial inter
ruption of economic relations or of
rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic,
telephonic and radio telephonic or
radio telegraphic communications,
and the use of armed force.
Article IX. In addition to other j
acts which the organ of consulta- i
tion may characterize as aggression,
the following shall be considered as i
such:
A. —Unprovoked armed attack by
a state against the territory, the!
people or the land, sea or air forces
of another state;
B. —Invasion by the armed forces1
of a state of the territory of an;
American state through the trespass- j
ing of boundaries demarcated in ac-!
cordance with a treaty, judicial de- j
cision or abitral award, or in the
ahsence of frontiers thus demarcated, j
an invasion affecting a region which!
is under the effective jurisdiction of
anc^her state.
Article X. None of the provisions j
of this treaty shall ,be construed as
impairing the rights and obligations!
of the high contracting parties
under the Charter of the United
Nations.
Article XI. The organ of con
sultation referred to in this treaty
.shall be until a different decision
is taken the meeting of the min
isters of foreign affairs of the 1
signatory states which have ratified 1
the treaty. 1
Union Board May Act.
Article XII. The governing board !
of the Pan American Union may,
act provisionally as an organ ofj
consultation until the meeting of
the organ of consultation referred !f
tariat of the Urfited Nations through
the Pan American Union when two
thirds of the signatory states have
deposited their ratification.
Article XXV. This treaty shall re
main in force indefinitely but may
be denounced by any high contract
ing party by a notification in writ
ing to the Pan American Union
, which shall inform all the other
high contracting parties of each no
tification'of denunciation received,
after the expiration of two years
from the date of the receipt by the
Pan American Union of a notifica
tion of denunciation by any high
contracting party, the present treaty
shall cease to be in force with re
spect to such state, but shall re
main in full force and effect with
respect to all the other high con
tracting parties.
Article XXVI. The principles and
fundamental provision^ of this
treaty shall be incorporated in the
organic pact of the inter-American
system. In withess whereof, the
undersigned plenipotentiaries, hav
ing deposited their full powers found
to be in due and proper.form, sign
this treaty on behalf of their re
spective government on the dates
appearing opposite their signatures.
Reservation of Honduras: The
delegation of Honduras, in signing
the present treaty and in connec
tion with Article IX Section B—does
so with the reservation that the
boundary between Honduras and
Nicaragua is definitely demarcated
by the joint boundary commission
of 1900 and 1901, starting from a
point in the Gulf of Fonseca, in the
Pacific Ocean, to Portillo de Teo
tecacinte and, from this point to the
Atlantic, by the line that His Maj
esty the King of Spain's arbitral
award established on the 23rd of
December of 190fi
Schools
^Continued From First Page.'
passing of local talent. Dr. Hansen,;
a school official with long experi
ence in administration, had come,
to Washirigton six months earlier
from Omaha as Dr. Coming's ex
ecutive assistant.
Not all persons in the school
system agree with the "local talent
first" idea, however.
Gives Opinion.
The retiring music department
head. Dr. Barnes, while staying
clear of any discussion of his* as
sociates in the music department,
did give' his opinion on the quali
fications a new director should
have.
He said the person named should
have a Nation-wide reputation, or;
at least an Eastern one, among
musicians and music teachers. The
job is one of administration rather
than teaching and calls for a per
son who can align the music de
partment with the activities of
the community.
Although there are many people
in the school system who are com
petent, he thought the job required
a wider, more rounded experience
than many of them have to offer.
Dr. Barnes said he w'as the first
appointee under former School
Supt. Fra nk W. Ballou to come from
out of towm and that he had "two
years of hell" because of factions
that Uiought a local person should
have been appointed to the job.
Good of System Foremost.
He said the good of the system
should be considered foremost in
undertake to submit every contro-'
versy which may arise between them
to methods of peaceful settlement!
and to endeavor to settle such con
troversies among themselves by |
means of the precedures in force in
the Inter-American system before
referring them to the Genera! As
sembly or the Security Council of
the United Nations.
Artile III. 1—The high contracting
parties agree that an armed attack j
by any state against an American!
state shall be considered as an at
tack against all the American states j
and, consequently, each one of the
said contracting parties undertakes
to assist in meeting the attack in |
the exercise of the inherent right of
individual or collective self-defense J
recognized by Article 51 of the Char
ter of the United Nations.
2— On the request of the state or
states directly attacked and until
the decision of the organ of consul
tation of the inter-American system, J
each one of the contracting parties!
may determine the immediate meas- j
ures which it may individually adopt ■
in fulfillment of the obligation con
tained in the preceding paragraph
and' in accordance with the princi
ple of continental solidarity. The
organ of consultation shall meet
without delay for the purpose of
examining those measures and |
agreeing upon the measures of a
collective character that should be j
adopted.
3— The provisions of this article
shall be applied in case of any armed
attack which takes place within the \
region described in Article IV or!
- within the territory of an American
state. When the attack takes place j
outside of said areas the provisions
of Article VI shall be applied.
4— Measures of self-defense pro
vided for under the article may be
taken until the Security Council of
the United Nations has taken the
measures necessary to maintain in
l“l I la iiiAiiwi pcntr mini pruuui^.
Region Is Defined.
Article TV. The region to which
*. this treaty refers is bounded as fol- |
lows: Beginning at. the North Pole; j
thence due south to a point 74 de
% grees north latitude 10 degrees west
j longitude;
Thence by a rhumb line to a point
47 degrees 30 minutes north latitude
80 degrees west longitude:
* Thence by a rhumb line to a
point 35 degrees north latitude 60
degrees west longtitude;
Thence due south to a point in 20
degrees north latitude;
Thence by a rhumb line to a point
five degrees north latitude 24 de
grees west longtitude;
Thence due south to the South
Pole:
Thence due north to a point 30
degrees south latitude 90 degrees
west longitude;
Thence by a rhumb line to a point
on the Equator of 97 degrees west
longitude;
Thence by a rhumb line to a point
IS degrees north latitude 120 degrees
Jfrtsst longitude;
Thence by a rhumb line to a point
50 degrees north latitude 170 degrees
east longitude:
' Thence due north to a point tn 54
\ ttWlrees north latitude;
V Tlience by a rhumb line to a point;
85 degrees 30 minutes north latitude
168 degrees 58 minutes five seconds
we6t longitude;
Thence due north to the North
* 'Article V. The high contracting
parties shall Immediately send to
•he Security Council of the United
nations, in conformity with Articles
51 and 54 of the Charter of the
tlnited Nations, complete lnforma
^ toon concerning the activities unt^r
iu m uit; preceding arucie lanes
place.
Article XIIT. The consultations!
shall be initiated on the request ad-*
dressed to the governing board of!
the Pan American Union by any of *
the signatory states which has rati- *
fled the treaty.
Article XIV. In the voting re-;
ferred to in this treaty only the j
representatives of the signatory
states which have ratified the treaty
may take part.
Article XV. The governing board
of the Pan American Union shall
act, in all matters concerning this
treaty as an organ of liaison among
the signatory states which have
ratified this treatiT and between j
these states and the United Nations.
Article XVI. The decisions of the
governing board of the Pan Ameri
can Union referred to in Articles
XIII and XV above shall be taken
by an absolute majority of the
members entitled to vote.
Article XVII. The organ of con
sultation shall take its decisions by
a vote of two-thirds of the signa
tory states which have ratified the
treaty.
Article XVIII. In the case of a
situation or dispute between Ameri
can states the parties directly in
terested shall be ^excluded from the
voting referred to in the two pre
ceding articles.
Article XIX. To constitute a quorum
in all the meeting referred to in the
previous articles it shall be neces
sary that the number of states rep
resented shall be at least equal to
the number of votes necessary for j
the adpot.ion of the decision.
Article XXX. Decisions which re- j
quire the application of the meas- j
ures specified in Article VIII shall *
dp Dinning upon mi me Mgnawji.v j
states which have ratified this treaty;
except that no state shall be re
quired to use armed force without
its consent.
Article XXI. The measures agreed
upon by the organ of consultation j
shall be executed through the pro
cedures and agencies now existing or
those which may in future be estab
lished.
Article XXII. This treaty shall
enter into effect, between the states
which ratify it as soon as the ratifi
cations of two-thirds of the signa
tory states have been deposited.
Treaty Open for Signature.
Article XXIII. This treaty is open
for signature by the American states
at the city of Rio de Janeiro and
shall be ratified by the signatory’
states as soon as posible in accord
ance with their respective constitu
tional processes. The ratifications
shall be deposited with the Pan
American Union which shall notify
the signatory states of each deposit.
Such notification shall be considered
as an exchange of ratifications.
Article XXIV. The present treaty
shall be registered with the secre- j
any sucn appointments even ll tney
caused temporary hard feelings.
Following the usual procedure,
recommendations for the jobs will
be made to the Personnel Committee,
of the Board of Education by Dr.
Coming. The committee then will
make its recommendations to the i
full board.
These recommendations are then
approved by the board members at1
a regular meeting, a special meet
ing or by a poll of the board mem- j
bers. If there is a dissenting vote
on a poll, the matter is tabled until j
it can be discussed and voted on at
a meeting.
Personnel matters are discussed In
closed sessions of the board and an- j
nouncements of the results are made
afterward.
Charter Commission Named!
HAGERSTOWN, Md., Aug. 30. (/P).
■—A 12-man charter commission
was named today by Mayor Rich
ard H. Sweeney to draw a new city
charter to be submitted to the
voters at either a special or general
election.
Conference
_^Continued From First Page.)
establish a Western Hemisphere
Economic Council.
This special conference will be the j
consequence of strong urging during
the present meeting that the Amer- !
icas unite to prevent economic, as
-v... axia CO
operate in the Improvement of the
economies of all nations of North
and South America.
Provision* of Treaty.
The treaty approved today pro
vides :
"An armed attack by any state
against an American state shall be
considered an attack against all of
them, and each undertakes to assist
in meeting the attack.”
The nation or nations attacked
“may determine the immediate
measures which they may individ
ually take • * * in the right of self
defense" and the foreign Thinisters
of all states signing the treaty would
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consult In the meantime on collec
tive measures to be taken.
Collective military measures will
be employed in case of armed attack
within the security rone or within
the territory of an American state,
a provision which could bring armies
of all American countries against
any power which might attack
Greenland, the Aleutian Islands.
Canada, Hawaii, the North or South
Polar regions or the Falkland Is
lands.
If the' attack is directed against
an American state outside the zone
or outside the American state's ter
ritory—against American troops in
Germany or Korea or against a Pan
amanian ship far out at sea. for ex
ample—inter-American consultation
would be held immediately to deter
mine whether hemisphere security
is endangered.
Broad Measures May Be Taken.
If the territorial integrity, the
sovereignty or political independence
of any American state should be
affected by non-military aggression
or by any situation which might en
danger the peace of the Americas,
treaty nations would consult immed
iately to agree on measures to be
taken. These may be breaking dip
lomatic relations with the aggressor,
breaking off economic relations and
communications or use of armed
force.
"in case of conflict between two or
more American states, without prej
udice to the right of self-defense,
the treaty nations meeting In consul
tation shall call on the contending
countries to suspend hostilities, with
draw from any territory acquired by
force and take all other necessary
measures * • • for solution of the
conflict by peaceful means.” Refusal
to adopt peaceful action “will be con
sidered in determination of the ag
gressor and in the decision to apply
immediately the measures • • •
agreed upon.”
The application of measures
against aggression will be adopted
by a two-thirds vote of the consult
ing foreign ministers, but all parties
to the treaty are pledged to join in
their application, except in the case
of use of armed force, which would
be binding only on those states
voting for such a step.
Senator Vandenberg. American
delegate, later expressed belief that
the treaty would be ratified by the
United States Senate.
He told a news conference that the
treaty could not "be attacked on the
basis of diluting the United Na
tions” and declared:
"We are looking all over the earth
for a ray of sunshine and we can
ont find it, but here is a lighthouse
of hope. In this stage of history
two continents have found a way of
Joining hands for the preservation
of peace and security. This is a
tremendous fact.”
The Republican senator from
Michigan said he believed the treaty
would have a great "psychological
and spiritual” effect in the world.
Referring to the reception the
treaty would receive in the Senate,
Senator Vandenberg said he could
not predict the actioh of his col
leagues but added that “continental
interest in the Monroe Doctrine has
been so acute for so long that I con
sider all preponderate to be on the
side of Senate approval."
Asked if he thought the treaty!
would start an arms race in Latin
America. Senator Vandenberg said,
he believed it would have the oppo
site effect.
The Senator also said the Pan
American Union and Inter-Ameri
can defense board would always
"welcome any closer ties Canada
wishes to make at any time.”
Former Mayor Denied Stay
In Arkansas Bribe Case*
By the Associated Press
ST. PAUL,* Minn., Aug. 30.—The
Eighth Federal District Court of
Appeals today denied the petition of
former Mayor Leo P. McLaughlin
and Cny Attorney Jay Rowland of
Hot Springs, Ark., for a writ staying
criminal proceedings against them
SUNDAY, AUGUST
iq.the Arkansas State Courts.
The court issued no statement1
with its decision.
A three-judge court listened for
an hour to arguments spiced with
claims that three elected officials—!
a judge, sheriff and prosecuting at
torney-used a “handpicked grand
jury” after a bitter political cam
paign to return indictments.
McLaughlin, Hot Springs mayor
for 25 years, was indicted on 16
counts involving charges of bribery,
misuse of public funds, being in
directly interested in a gambling
house, and armed robbery, the court
was told by Nathan Schoenfeld,
deputy prosecutor at Hot Springs.
Marriage of Doris Duke
To Diploma! Expected
By the Associated Pr«»i
NEW YORK. Aug. 30.—The New
Vork Journal-American said today
that Doris Duke, tobacco heiress and
Porfirio Rubirosa, Dominican diplo
mat. would be married Monday in
Paris.
Miss Duke and Mr. Rubirosa.
Charge d'Affaires for his govern
ment, in France, will be married at
the Dominican Legation in a cere
II, 1W.___
mony to be attended only by clos*
friends, the paper added.
Miss Duke is Paris fashion editor
for Harpers Bazaar. She formerly
was the wife of James H. R. Crom
well, former United States Minister
to Canada.
Mr. Rubirosa was divoreed May
21 from Danielle Darrieux, French
film star. He previously was the
husband of Flor Trujillo, daughter
of the Dominican president.
Selznick Divorce Suit
Alleges Mental Cruelty
By the Associated Pros*
LOS ANGELES. Aug. 30—Mrs.
Irene Mayer Selznick today filed
suit for divorce from Movie Pro
ducer David O. Selznick. charging
he “wrongfully inflicted grievous
mental suffering’’ upon her.
Mrs. Selznick, daughter of the
film magnate. Louis B. Mayer,
asked for custody of their sons.
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