Evening star. [volume], May 18, 1948, Page A-7, Image 7

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Psychiatric Split on Surgery
Reflected in Election Contest
By Thomas R. Henry
$<i*nc* iditer of Tho Star,
A long-standing split in the ranks
of the American Psychiatric Asso
ciation came to the surface at its
annual convention at the Statler
this morning when Dr. George S.
Stevenson of Washington, chairman
of the National Committee on Men
tal Hygiene, was nominated from
the floor to oppose Dr. Charles
Burlingame of Hartford, Conn., for
president-elect.
Dr. Burlingame alone was pro
posed for the office by the nomi
nating committee, whose slate usu
ally is accepted without opposition.
Dr. Dexter M. Bullard of Rockville
proposed Dr. Stevenson with the re
mark that the association should
have a choice of voting against a
man who was “leaning toward psy
chosurgery and lobotomy.”
Dr. Karl Bowman of Los Angeles
declared Dr. Bullard’s remark was
“a highly improper one to be made
In this association.”
Dr. Stevenson was praised by Dr.
Harry Stack Sullivan of Washing
ton for his ability to get along with
Government officials.
Possible Test of Strength.
The contest, which resolved itself
into a possible test of strength be
tween functional and organic schools
of psychiatry, will be settled in all
day balloting.
Dr. Daniel Blaine, newly ap
pointed medical director of the as
sociation, told of plans for his office
and Dr. Morris Fishbein of Chicago,
1946 Ruling Reversed
By NLRB in Upholding
Anti-Union Speeches
By th« Associated Press
Employes can be required to lis
ten to anti-union speeches on
company time and property, the
National Labor Relations Board has
ruled.
The decision, based on the Taft
Hartley Act, overturned a 1946
board decision under the Wagner
Labor Relations Act. The wording
and history of the new act, the
NLRB stated in its decision yester
day, made it clear the basis for the
earlier finding “no longer exists.”
In another far-reaching decision,
the board held thftt the Inland
Steel Corp. could not be forced to
bargain with the CIO Steelworkers
Union unless union officials signed
non-Communist affidavits.
Union leaders immediately began
making plans to challege the Con
stitutionality of the applicable Taft
Hartley provision in the courts.
Test on Speeches Uncertain.
There was no immediate indica
tion whether the decision on anti
union speeches also would be fought.
The case from which it arose in
volved a charge brought against the
Babcock and Wilcox Co., Augusta,
Ga., by the CIO United Stone and
Allied Product Workers, after the
company superintendent had made
four anti-union speeches on com
pany time.
A few days after the talk, the
company's workers voted against the
union in an NLRB election.
“Free Speech” Basis of Ruling.
In the earlier "free spech” ruling,
called the Clark Brothers Co. case,
the NLRB had held that delivery of
an anti-union speech at a compul
sory meeting of workers violated
their constitutional freedom of
speech.
The theory was that free speech
requires an exchange of ideas and
the right of a listener not to listen.
However, the Taft-Hartley law
now says that expression of an em
ployer’s views Is not evidence of an
unfair labor practice if the expres
sion contains “no threat of reprisal
or force or promise of benefits.”
Three Members on Panel.
Yesterday’s decision reversing the
Clark case was by a three-member
NLRB panel, composed of John M.
Houston, Abe Murdock and J. Cope
land Gray.
In dismissing the unfair labor
practice charge brought by the
union against the company, based
on the speeches, the NLRB said
yesterday:
“The language of Section 8 (Cl
of the amended act (the so-called
•free speech' provision) and its legis
lative history, make it clear that the
doctrine of the Clark Bros, case no
longer exists as a basis for finding
unfair labor practices in circum
stances such as this record discloses.
“Even assuming, therefore, with
out deciding, that the respondent
(company) required its employes to
attend and listen to the speeches,
we conclude that it did not thereby
violate the act.”
Deaths Reported
(From D. C. Bureau of Vital Statistics.)
Annie Edelen. 87, 4720 Upton st n w.
Catherine M. Littauer 75, Mayflower
Hotel.
Sarah C. Bressler. 63, 1711 M st. n.w.
Manuel I. Smallwood, 42, 4323 Yuma st
n.w.
Sunshine J. Lyle. 40. Dallas. Tex.
William Moore. 67. 50 Eye st. n.e
editor of the Journal of the Amer
ican Medical Association, described
the history of that association as a
guide for proposed reorganization of
the psychiatric association.
In one of the scientific sessions,
the psychiatrists had a report on
the approximate location of a mind
center buried in the brain.
A tiny—perhaps microscopic—area
of nerve cells in the rear of the left
lobe of the thalamus, the "old brain"
of vertebrates, appears to have been
a switching station in evolution, ac
cording to a report presented by Dr.
Leland B. Alford of St. Louis.
When this area is damaged by.
disease, such as a tumor or a newly
discovered syndrome of nerve cell
degeneration, there is very rapid
development of a serious failure of
all mental faculties, he reported. In
the end a victim shows no evidence
of “mind." He becomes practically
a nervous automaton.
Mental Activity Centered.
It is well known that all higher
mental activities are centered in the;
cerebral cortex, or top of the brain.;
Here, however, they are widely dis
tributed. Large areas can be cut;
away without serious impairment of
mental faculties. There have been1
cases, Dr. Alford said, where half
the cortex has been romoved. The;
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patient was paralyzed on one side,
but mentally and personality re
mained essentially unchanged.
Probability of nerve cell degen
eration in the front half of the
brain as the underlying cause of
the most devastating of mental
diseases, schizophrenia, was report
ed by Drs. N. W. Winkelman and
Mr. Harold Book of Norristown, Pa.
Some Apparent Cures.
Schizophrenia is mo6t likely to
come in adolescence or early adult
life. It is sometimes known by
the English translation of its
Greek name, “soul splitting.” There
is a severing of intellectual and
emotional life. Victims rapidly be
come dangerous or helpless.
Until quite recently the condi
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tlon was usually hopelss. Recent
techniques, such as electric cur
rents sent through the brain, have
resulted in some apparent cures in
early cases.' Up to the present no
physical basis has been found for
the disease. Autopsies of victims
have shown essentially normal
brains.
Microscopic study of the brain
•
tissue, however, shows that definite
changes usually are present, the
Pennsylvania doctors said. Thou
sands of cells seem to have died,
after reaching full maturity.
Everything points to the fact, it
was emphasized, that schizophrenia
is an organic disease for which
eventually a medical cure can be
found, rather than a purely func
tional malady.
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