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Chief Rabbi of Old City Tells Of Death Threats by Own Race By Daniel de Luce A<$ociat*d Pr*»l Foreign Correspondent . - With the Trans-Jordan Legion to Jerusalem, May 29—The chief rabbi of the Old City’s Jews as ‘ serted sadly today that military extremists of his own race had threatened him with death when he tried to negotiate an early sur render. 'From the start of the parti-' tion troubles last December I was against turning the Old City into a battlefield,” said Dr. Mordecai Weingarten, spiritual and political head of what was the traditional home of Jewry in the Holy City. The rabbi was interviewed after surrender of the Old City to the Arab Legion which now has turned its field guns on modern Jeru salem in preparation for a wider offensive. ’ Before the British left I wanted to seek an agreement by which our Orthodox Jewish community would remain where it was, aloof from hosilities,” Rabbi Weingarten said. But I was prevented by the Jewish military from making contact with the Arabs through the British. Threatened With Shooting. The 57-year-old rabbi, fifth gen era r ion of his family in the Old City, said he began an attempt last Tuesday to negotiate directly with the Legion for surrender, "but I was told that I and my two children .would be shot as traitors.” ‘Finally,” he said, ‘‘yesterday morning I defied the military ex tremists. I told the Hagana com mand our community of 1,500 would revolt unless I was allowed to send two rabbis out under a white flag.” | . Rabbi Weingarten said he held the hope to the last that some way would be found to perpetuate the tradition of Jewish residence within the old city. “Now our homes, our little shops,j our 29 synagogues are demolished or burned. There is nothing left. We have nothing left in which to live here.” Rabbi Weingarten said he be lieved the Hagana command, which was under wireless instructions from .a higher command at all times, -might have consented to surrender: earlier but for the arrival of fresh troops May 17 when Arab irregu lars were driven back from the Zion Gatp. . "Later they thought the Legion *ould also be driven back," he ex plained. Valuable Library Burned. He said the Hagana, Irgun Zvai Leumi and Stern fighters were un der a unified command in the Old City. "It’s hard to see the work of gen erations destroyed before one's eyes,” he said, "My most precious material possession, my library of old re ligious books, is all burned.” The rabbi was interviewed at mid day at the Armenian school where 150 wounded and sick Jews under medical care are awaiting delivery to the Jewish lines outside Zion Gate or captivity as prisoners of war, depending on the individual records. One was his wife, a par alyzed invalid. "I shall be the last civilian al lowed to leave by the Legion, which is only right because of my posi tion,” he said. "Yesterday the Legion protected me from angry Palestine 'Continued From First Page.i j Legion yesterday. More than 1.500 Jewish civilians were quickly re moved from the area and the task of transporting 293 Jewish military prisoners was begun. During the bitter fighting in the Old City a mortar shell struck the Holy Sepulchre, the holiest shrine in Christendom, but did not ex plode, a delayed dispatch revealed. It was not known whether the shell was from Jewish or Arab territory. The missile crashed atop the Saint Helena's Chapel, named for the Byzantine queen mother who built the first church over the sacred place of Christ’s burial and resur rection. The dud mortar shell was the first direct hit on the Holy Sep ulchre. Windows were shattered by bullets, however, and a number of artillery and mortar shells landed nearby during the fighting. Church men said two priests and a monk have been killed. Several bombs hit Saint Saviour's Monastery near the New Gate and various oother churches were dam aged. Water Supply Threatened. ~ The surrender of the Jews in the T31d City came after a five-month jj}ege topped off an 11-day pound ing by the guns of the Arab Legion. Telling of the fighting a captured Jewish liaison officer said: "Our fighting men were too few —our arms were too few—finally j flUr position was hopeless and casu-' cities were very heavy.” ' - A communique issued by the fsraeli army in Tel Aviv said: ‘ The battle for the defense of new Jerusalem and for the liberation of the Old City continues.” Isareli troops in the newer por tion of Jerusalem are cut off from new food sources and their .main water supplies. The chief Jewish effort, to relieve them is being made in the Latrun-Bab El Wad sector 10 to 14 miles west of Jerusalem. Accounts from Tel Aviv said thousands of troops have been com mitted on both sides in the develop ing battle there for control of the vital Jerusalem Tel Aviv highway and the lesser tracks leading through the Judean Hills. Arab League headquarters said tost night that Egyptian and Iraqi planes attacked and scattered 10. 000 Jewish soldiers assembled in the fight for the Bab El Wad gorge, lour miles east of Latrun. The battle, which may be a deci sive one, is being fought in hilly country around the Latrun Monas tery with its famous Statue of Peace. Many Conflicting Accounts. { There were many- conflicting ac counts concerning operations im mediately south of Jerusalem. Ac cording to the Arab League, Arab troops are attacking the suburbs of Baqaa. Talpiyot and Katamon and are expected to capture those towns. : However, Associated Press Cor respondent Carter L. Davidson re ported yesterday he had visited Chose suburbs and none had been kit by anything for two days. ; Mr. Davidson also said that Ramat Rehel. a road control point on the Southern edge of Jerusalem, still Was in Jewish hands. The town has been heavily shelled and now is in ruins. AP Correspondent, Daniel De Luce, who told of the shelling of modern Jerusalem by the Arab Legion s artillery, said the stamping cut of the last Jewish resistance crowds which tried to spit in. my face, and pull my beard. The Le gion, I must say, has fulfilled all its promises to us.” Jew* Removed Quickly. The bitter fight put up by the Jews in the Old City ended yester day. While it lasted the Jewish re sistance served for 11 days to hand cuff Legion thrusts into New Jeru salem. There are 80,000 to 90,000 Jews in modern sections of the city. They are cut off at present from the main sources of Jewish strength along the Palestine coast. The Arab* went quickly about the task of removing the Jews from the Old City. More than 1,500 Jew ish "civilians—women, children and old men—left the walled area early today. Many carried bundles con taining their few world possessions. For more than six hours the shabby, frightened group trudged through the shell-scarred Church of Dormition—reputed scene of the Virgin Mary’s death—and crossed over to the lines of the Israeli army. They left their gutted homes by way of Arab-controlled Zion Gate which had been a focal point in the battle. While the exodus was in progress an Arab soldier fell wounded at Zion gate. Sniping suddenly broke out there coincident with Jewish attacks against the Damascus and Jaffa Gates. The attacks lasted nearly 90 minutes and then dwin dled to scattered small-arms fire. No Jews Harmed. Dr. Pablo De Azcarte y Florenz, representing the United Nations in Palestine, was standing with the Arab Legion field commander when news of the Arab casualty was re ceived. "It's only a provocation,” he said. "Please keep pushing the civilians right along.” The Arab commander complied. The legion commander reported that "not a single Jew Vias been harmed since the surrender.” Legionnaires helped moved the 150 Jewish wounded to the Armenian school from the Jewish military hospital in the flaming ghetto. A Swiss official of the International Red Cross commended the conduct of King Abdullah's soldiers and said "they carried old women in their arms to the Zion Gate.” Buses were brought in by the Legion to transport 293 Jewish men of military age to an internment camp in Amman. Trans-Jordan. These men were held temporarily behind bars in the city's police bar racks. According to the surrender terms, seriously wounded Jews are to be delivered to Jewish lines in Jerusalem. Others, if of military age. may be kept prisoner. One American Jew was said to have been wounded in the fighting and had been hospitalized when the surrender came . He was re ported to have served in the United States Navy and have a family in San Francisco. Albert Britten, 23. a private in the British Suffolk Regiment, was captured by the legionnaires when the Old City fell. He said he got separated from his outfit when he went out for a drink May 13, two days before the British left. He was held with Jewish prisoners in the police barracks. The British consul at Amman likely will intercede with the Arabs his behalf. in the Old City had given the Le gionnaires a chance to engage in a wider offensive. The Jerusalem correspondent of the Cairo newspaper Akhbar El Yom sad Egyptians and Iraqis were fighting along with Trans-Jordan troops inside Jerusalem. Count' Folke Bernadotte, the United Nations mediator for Pal estine, conferred in Cairo with Egyptian premier Mahoud Fahmy Nokrashv Pasha. He said thev discussed only the general situation. U. N. (Continued From First Page t train or mobilize men of military age if such men found their way in to the Middle East during the four weeks. The vote was the same as the paragraphs were coupled. Arms Embargo Urged. 4. Called for an embargo on im porting or exporting war material into or out of Palestine and the seven Arab League countries during the cease fire. Russia had attacked this also but did not veto it when it W'as broadened by the United States to include the Arab states as well as Palestine. The vote on the arms embargo was 9 to 0 with Rus sia and the Ukraine standing aside again. | 5. Urged everyone to take every possible precaution for the protec tion of the Holy places and the city of Jerusalem. The vote for this was unanimous. 6. Asked the Jews and Arabs to, communicate their acceptance of! this resolution to the Security Coun cil not later than 7 p.m.. EDT. June 1. The vote for this w'as 8 to 0, with Syria. Russia and the Ukraine ab staining. 7. Decided that if the resolution is rejected by either party or by both or if it is violated and re pudiated, the Council will recon sider the whole case with a view to acting under chapter seven, the strongest in the U. N. charter. The vote here was 7 to 0 with Argen tina, Syria, Russia and the Ukraine! abstaining. Delegates Guardedly Optimistic. Warren R. Austin, United States delegate, threw in an amendment1 at the end by which, the Council called on all governments to assist in carrying out the resolution. This! was approved 8 to 0, with Syria, the; Ukraine and Russia abstaining. The delegates, weary after their i most intensive grind in weeks, ad- j iourned at 7:53 p.m. ED.T., until I Wednesday afternoon, when they will take up Palestine developments again. Mr. Austin said after the session that “I hope the resolution will achieve its purpose.” “A good precedent will be set for pacific settlement and many lives CONTRACTORS SUPPLY COMPANY Has for Immediate Delivery PNEMATIC-TIRED WHEELBARROWS AL«x. 1848 OV. 2040 We Deliver TRANS-JORDAN’S KING IN JERUSALEM—An admirer bowed as he grasped the hand of King Abdullah of Trans-Jordan (left, white turban) when the Arab leader, escorted by Arab Legion troops, left Holy Sepulchre Church in the Walled City of Jerusalem shortly before the surrender of last-ditch Jewish fighters. King Abdullah prayed at Moslem and Christian shrines during the visit. —AP Wirephoto via radio from Cario. will be saved from the scourge of war,” he added. It was reported authoritatively that the delegates took a view of guarded optimism as to the out come of their work. They would not commit themselves but It was obvious that they felt their action tonight had a better chance of suc cess than previous decisions. The Council vote on the Russian American plea for forceful measures was two short of the required ma jority of seven, in which the five big powers would have had to con cur. Gromyko Raps British Policy. Russia, the United States, the Ukraine, Colombia and France voted for it; Britain, Argentina, Belgium, Canada, China and Syria abstained. This was the second time in a week that the delegates did not approve a demand for strong measures. The proposal also would have ordered a cessation of military operations within 36 hours after Council action. After the vote on using force, the Council turned to the British reso lution calling for mediation, and an embargo on arms and immigration , into Palestine. The delegates next ran into a , snarl on a paragraph calling for , an embargo on importing men of military age into Palestine. Andrei A. Gromyko, Soviet deputy foreign minister, attacked it as the most objectionable of the whole | resolution. Earlier, Mr. Gromyko declared Britain's policy on Palestine was | sheer hypocrisy, cynical and antl I Israel. The Soviet deputy foreign min ister delivered one of the most se vere attacks on British policy he !ever had made in the Security Council. Scattered hand-claps ap plauded him three time^. Cadogan Charges Abuse. 1 Sir Alexander Cadogan, British delegate, replied crisply that Mr. Gromyko had descended to “vulgar abuse and general villification.” He added the Russian delegate usually resorts to such tactics when he is not quite sure of his ground. Mr. Gromyko called on the Coun cil to defeat Sir Alexander's proposal for peaceful mediation in Palestine. He insisted the Council must take a stronger course and approve the Russian resolution calling for strong enforcement measures to stop the fighting . Sir Alexander, backed by Belgium, said his proposal was intended to es tablish a four-week breathing space for a final effort to settle the Jewish Arab conflict by peaceful means. Mr. Gromyko charged the British want to tie the new state of Israel j hand and foot by adopting a paper decision. He said the British hope to create circumstances which make it I as difficult as possible for the new Jewish state to stand on its feet. He declared the adoption of the British resolution would correspond i to the imperial interests of Britain. He said Britain's resolution com 1 pletel.v whitewashed the Arab states ;and that the British are defending their position with true British I stubborness. Sir Alexander spent little time answering Mr. Gromyko's attack. Instead, he asked ■ those nations which support Russia's resolution for stronger measures, including the United States, if they are prepared to send troops to Palestine. Reminds of League Failure. Sir Alexander asked if the U. N. had learned nothing from the half hearted attempt by the League of Nations to impose sanctions on Mussolini. He appealed to the Council not to substitute U. N. forces for British forces in Palestine, saving that no settlement ever will last there un less it has the agreement of both parties. Ferdinand Van Langenhove, Bel gium, asked also whether countries backing Russia's position would send troops, or how they would go. He said he doubted whether such meas ures would be workable. The Security Council last Satur day approved a British plan for a cease-fire order and peaceful media tion, but it did not stop the fight ing ! 1 Iflgjg Senators Describe Own States In Broadcasts Beamed to Italy How Senators themselves describe their home States in overseas broadcasts yesterday was compared with the descriptions of this coun try that have precipitated a con gressional investigation of the State Department's Voice of America. Walter S. Lemmon, president of . the World Wide Broadcasting Foun 1 dation, made public the statements of Senators included on a series of weekly broadcasts beamed primarily to Italy over Station WRUL, the non-Government short-wave sta tion. At the same time, Chairman Chenoweth of the House Expendi tures Subcommittee investigating the Voice broadcasts, called for elimination of all the “music, trash and nonsense" in the world-wide information program. Inquiry Resumes Tuesday. The House inquiry and a com panion investigation due to start in the Senate this week are aimed at placing the blame for Spanish language broadcasts to Latin Amer ica which have brought congres sional charges of slander, libel and sabotage. The House inquiry will resume Tuesday. A statement that “New England was founded by hypocrisy and Texas by sin" was among those cited by protesting Senators. In contrast, Mr. I^mmon pro duced statements made on the WRUL series by Senators Smith, Republican, of New Jersey; Hill. Democrat, of Alabama; Lodge, Re publican, of Massachusetts, and Baldwin, Republican, of Connecti cut. In Interviews with Mrs. John Davis Lodge, wife of the Connect icut Representative and chief of WRUL's Italian broadcasts, the Sen ators have discussed their own States’ historical backgrounds, edu cational institutions, culture, people, ! agriculture, industry and geographi cal appearance. “Clear Picture’* Sought. The major purpose of the pro gram. Mr. Lemmon explained, is to present a “clear, unembellishcd pic ture" of each State, with particular emphasis on the part Americans of Italian descent play in the State’s industrial and cultural life. Senator Baldwin, for instance, spoke of the thousands of Connect icut residents of Italian descent and mentioned that “our State treas urer and the Mayor of New Haven are of Italian parentage.” He re Abdullah Tells U. N. Jerusalem Shrines Are in Safe Hands ly the Associated Press LAKE SUCCESS, May 29 — King Abdullah advised the United Nations today that the holy places of Jerusalem are now safe. A telegram from the Trans jordan King was read to the Security Council by Faris El Khoury of Syria. A rustle of derisive laughter was heard. Council Chairman Alexandre Parodi warned the spectators against manifestations. Contributions Hit $7,000 In Negro College Drive The Negro college fund campaign has already raised $7,000, campaign: co-chairman John L. Burling of the Justice Department announced yesterday. Largest contibution was a check for $1,000 from District Theaters, Inc., the check was pre sented by Eugene Kramer, secretary of the corporation. Dr. Mordecal W. Johnson, presi dent of Howard University, has pointed out in a statement to cam paign workers that the 32 Negro colleges and universities which are members of the Negro college fund, train the majority of Negro pro fessional men and women, and that upon these institutions rests the major responsibility of raising the cultural level of America's 14.000, 000 Negroes. Paraguay has a chronic gasoline shortage, which may become worse. ported that Yale University’s Ital ian department is one of the fore most in the country and that its Jarves collection of Italian paintings is ‘‘said to be one of the most com plete and Important outside Italy itself.” Senator Hill talked of the indus trial growth of his State, of its forests and lumber production, of the Birmingham blast furnaces and of the ships that sail over the world from the port of Mobile. Typical was this statement: "Montgomery has been our capital for many years, and one of the most beautiful examples of Roman architecture is the State capitol with its tall white columns and rounded dome, setting on a high hill overlooking the city.” Friendship Is Emphasized. Senator Smith, like his colleagues, emphasized the feeling of friendship between Americans and Italians and added: “In light of the recent Ital ian elections, we rejoice in welcom : ing Italy into the family of western ! nations who are determined that their freedom shall be preserved.’’ Senator Lodge, speaking in Ital ian, talked of the great contribu tion Italy has made to the advance ment of the human spirit and con cluded by saying, ‘‘We know that the people in Italy are not merely concerned with the act of keeping alive. They are interested in how they live and in what they live for. That is one of the many things which Americans and Italians have in common.” When the House Inquiry resumes Tuesday. Rene Borgia, author of the "Know North America” series which aroused Congressional ire, will have a chance to testify. Mr. Borgia was fired March 10 from his script-writing job at the National Broadcasting Co., which handled the programs under a con tract with the State Department. Official to Testify. Also scheduled to testify is William T. Stone, director of the State De partment's Office of Information and Education Exchange. Mr. Chenoweth said he was par ticularly aroused because a foreigner, the Venezuelan-born Mr. Borgia, was chosen to write interpretations of American life for radio listeners in other countries. Mr. Borgia has protested that he was ordered by NBC officials to write "in a light vein” about this country against his wishes. Southeastern U. to Confer Degrees on 113 June 9 Southeastern University will con fer degrees on 113 students at 7:30 p.m. June 9 in Lisner Auditorium. Eighteenth and C streets N.W., with Rear Admiral W, N. Thomas, Navy chief of chaplains, as guest speaker. Thomas J. Frailey. marshal of the university, will preside. Other speak ers will include Leroy J. Maas, pres ident of Southeastern: Joseph K. Moyer, dean of the school of ac countancy, and Richard Glavin, as sistant director of the Federal Bu reau of Investigation. A graduation banquet will be held at 7:30 p.m. next Wednesday at the Hotel 2400. Jennings Randolph will speak and Fred Shafer, senior class president, will preside. The school of fashion modeling will have graduation exercises at 4 p.m. Saturday in the Raleigh Hotel. The school of advertising art, di rected by Charles P. Lum, will grad uate 20 students, and a dinner will be given in their honor at 7 o'clock tonight in the YMCA, 1736 G street N.W. The radio school, under the di rection of A1 K. Porter, will have its graduation at 8 p.m. June 7 at the YMCA. DENTURES REPAIRED - While You Wait Brown Dental Laboratory 638 Eye St. N.W. RE. 6119 Over Riggs Bank Voice 'Fan Mail' From Germany Distributed by Woman Here Dr. Helen Reid Sends Letters to Persons Who Will Reply By Charles J. Yarbrough A former German soldier who prescribed an antidote for war has a champion in Dr. Helen Dw'ight Reid, chief of European Education al Relations of the United States Office of Education. The prescription: “ * * * that all the hatred and many wars be tween nations are principally caus ed by want of mutual contact and understanding.” That is not only Dr. Reid’s dog ma—it’s her business. She receives between 100 and 200 letters a day from Germans and Austrians seek ing contact with Americans for an interchange of ideas. She wants no part of the current controversy over the Voice of Amer ica broadcasts to Europe and South America. As far as she is concern ed, the Voice merely supplies listen ers with her office address and the idea of letter exchanges. American licensed newspapers in occupied zones also carry small advertise ments giving the nddress. Letters Are Fan Mail. To her, the former German sol dier's letter was fan mail. It ex pressed what many others attempt ed to say—sometimes in German, sometimes in a stumbling effort at English. "I have learned by my own ex perience,” he wrote, ‘‘that mostly those men are fanatics being capa ble of feeling hatred toward other nations, who have no knowledge of foreign languages and no idea of other peoples’ characters and man- j ners.” / He said he was "thoroughly con vinced that a general furtherance; of mutual contact between members of different nations will consider ably contribute to avoid wars In the future.” His letter went to one of the many student groups over the j United States to be given to an American mechanical engineer for correspondence. Dr. Reid’s files are bulging. The European letters—some of them jfrom the British and Russian zones !of occupation—are indexed as to age groups, occupations or profes jsions; even as to interests. She has j the answer to interpretation in an efficient secretary, Mrs. Elizabeth Bullock, 600 A street N.E. Volunteer Workers Help. The mail has so taxed her small staff that volunteer workers are helping. Letters are screened closely. ‘‘Some of them think we’re a mat rimonial bureau,” Dr. Reid smiled. ‘■Those, of course, we do flot dis tribute.” The European mail goes principal ly to schools because the majority of it is from children. Colleges over the Nation have established a dis tribution system for answering the letters. Dr. Reid's biggest distribution problem is establishing contact with business groups and adults. "We're thinking of appealing to business clubs, the Rotary, Lions and Ki wanis and perhaps to parent-teach er organizations,” she says. "The teachers and students of America have a challenging op portunity to build an understanding of democracy in the minds and hearts of a whole generation of Ger mans,” she adds. Her letters come from students, barbers, surveyors, lawyers, doc tors. dentists, ministers and geo logist. In the United States, they eventually find their way to like professions. The interchange idea developed about a year ago in response to a flood of letters from the German occupied zones. Examples of Letters. Samples: "In the American licensed news paper Der Tagesspiegel—the Daily Mirror—I read your address. Per haps you only call with this adver tisement young people to an age of 19 years. But I also feel a young man for I am 27. Isn’t it? I would like to correspond with any American young man who has the same age, the same job and with whom one could take conversations over all problems belonging to our Specialising m PERFECT DIAMONDS All* ctrnpltta lint tl standard and all-American mods watckas. 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