Evening star. [volume], June 26, 1948, Page A-6, Image 6

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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ffje fining Jto
With Sunday Morning Edition.
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Jli SATURDAY, June 26, 1948
The Republican Ticket
In selecting Governor Warren of Cali
fornia to run with Thomas E. Dewey, the
Republicans have named a ticket that is
going to be hard to beat.
It is ideal from the geographical stand
point, which, politically speaking, is an
important faqtor. As Governors of New
York and California, and as proven vote
getters in these largest States of the East
and the West, they promise to bring into
the Republican column seventy-two elec
toral votes from their own bailiwicks. That
is more than the entire GOP electoral vote
in 1932 and in 1936, and only a little under
the totals in 1940 and 1944. But the pulling
power of a Dewey-Warren ticket will not
be confined to the home States of the
candidates, for Governor Dewey received
more than 22,000,000 votes throughout the
country in 1944, and the selection of Gov
ernor Warren can be expected to add ma
terially to GOP strength in the doubtful
Western States.
The appeal of the Republican ticket,
however, is by no means limited to a
matter of geography, for the candidates
are strong in their own right. Governor
Dewey’s qualifications were discussed in
these columns yesterday. In the East,
Governor Warren is less well known, but It
is not an exaggeration to say that he prob
ably is the best man the convention could
have chosen to run with the New Yorker.
Four years ago Governor Warren was
the Republican keynoter. He told that
Chicago assemblage that he did not know
why he had been chosen to make the
keynote address, but that perhaps It was
because he came from “the great, hopeful
energetic West.’’ And in the West, he
went on to say, “there is little fear of
failure and no fear of trying.”
Those were not idle words, as the Cali
fornian's record as a fighter for compulsory
health insurance, more social security,
better collective bargaining, etc., will at
test. In addition to these things, Governor
Warren is a firm and clear-sighted advo
cate of the assumption by this country of
Its international responsibilities. With his
nomination, therefore, the Republican
ticket escapes the blight that would have
come upon it if the second place had gone
to some one whose record is one of ob
struction of the foreign policies which
Governor Dewey has indorsed and for
which Republicans like Senator Vanden
berg have been fighting.
When President Truman was in Cali
fornia he said that Governor Warren really
was a Democrat. The Governor would
deny that, but there is no reason to dis
avow the compliment which the President
Intended. When campaign time rolls
around the Democrats will have to con
centrate their fire on Governor Dewey or
on the Republican Congress, for they will
not have any ammunition to use against
the GOP vice presidential candidate.
The 'Killer' Ship
The physicists say that every action
produees an opposite and equal reaction.
The reaction to the development of the
torpedo boat and the submarine was the
creation of a new type of warship, the
destroyer. Late in World War II the Ger
mans developed a new type of submarine,
a fast, long-range U-boat that could
“breathe” under water by means of a
snout or “schnorkel.” The reaction to
this new undersea threat is the Navy’s new
“killer” ship, a speedy cruiserlike vessel
especially designed to hunt down and
destroy the latest type of submersible.
Most of the details about this new anti
submarine ship, to be known as the CLK
(light cruiser-killer), remain a secret.
Enough has been revealed recently, how
ever, to indicate that naval experts believe
they have found the answer to the schnor
kel-equipped submarine. The schnorkel—
which is being installed on our latest sub
marines—not only enables a ship to travel
by diesel propulsion for weeks at a time
at periscope depth, but, its Nazi designers
believed, would render a U-boat immune
to radar detection. The problem of detec
tion has been given intensive study. While
the progress made in solving this problem
has not been disclosed, it is reported that
the “killer” ships will be equipped with
latest detection devices, including “sonar,”
for detecting and locating submarines by
sound.
The CLKs, two of which are to be built
for experimental purposes, also will be
armed with new antisubmarine weapons
of potent striking power. Rockets un
doubtedly will be included, for, during the
later phases of the war, rocket-type
weapons known as “mousetraps” were in
stalled on a number of destroyers and
destroyer-escorts. These batteries of
missiles, made to explode on contact with
a submarine, were projected from the
ship in multiple lots, falling in a pattern
go as to bracket a large area. Any U-boat
in that area was doomed.
The first of the “killers” will be named
the U. S. S. Norfolk, in honor of Norfolk,
Virginia, whose citizens raised $37,000,000
toward ship construction during the war.
The ship will cost something less than
$30,000,000. If this ship proves capable of
/
0
countering the schnorkel menace, it will
become the prototype for a fleet of CLKs.
What the reaction to this new weapon will
be remains for naval scientists of the
future to determine.
Red Program for Germany
The decisions of the Soviet bloc at its
meeting in Warsaw are interesting not
merely in themselves but also because of
the background against which they were
formulated.
The meeting itself came as a distinct
surprise, and there is reason to believe
that it was called on short notice. This
was, of course, a conference of govern
ments, represented by top-level representa
tives, including Foreign Minister Molotov
of Russia. The eight participants com
prise the Soviet Union and all seven of
the satellite regimes, from Poland to Al
bania, set up under Russian pressure
behind its iron curtain. Its pronounce
ments, therefore, are official and authori
tative.
Incidentally, this Warsaw meeting should
be sharply distinguished from another con
ference, that of the so-called Cominform,
which was apparently held in deep secrecy
shortly before the Warsaw meeting. The
Cominform is an organization, not of gov
ernments but of Communist parties in
various countries, including those of France
and Italy, and is concerned primarily with
furthering the Communist cause on a
world-wide basis. Naturally, whatever
decisions were taken' by the Cominform
conference form part of Moscow’s grand
strategy, international communism being
under Soviet direction and control. They
thus mesh in with the decisions of the
Warsaw meeting, which had a more con
crete and restricted objective.
That objective is Germany, and the con
crete decisions taken may be considered
as tactical rather than strategic in char
acter. Moscow’s strategy in Germany has
long been obvious. It is the establishment
of a Communist-dominated regime cover
ing the whole of Germany, nominally in
dependent, but actually another satellite
of the Soviet bloc. There is nothing in
the five-point program for Germany which
indicates any change in Moscow’s strategic
objective. The actions of the Western
Powers are denounced as illegal and in
jurious, and the speedy setting up of an
all-German provisional government is
proposed as the preliminary to a definitive
peace settlement, with evacuation of all
occupation forces. That is Moscow’s
familiar propaganda line.
However, two points should be noted.
Contrary to expectations in the West, the
Warsaw program does not provide for the
setting up of a regime in Eastern Germany
as an answer to that provided for under
the London agreement in the three west
ern zones. This, of course, will give the
Communists an effective talking point that
it Is the Western Powers who have split
Germany, whereas Russia is solicitous for
German unity.
The second noteworthy point is that
there is no mention in the program of
Germany’s eventual frontiers. It should
be remembered that the conference was
held in Warsaw, and there can be no
doubt that the Polish government would
like to have had specific assurance that
there would be no revision of the former
German provinces assigned to Poland by
Moscow’s unilateral action. This omission
presumably is another Russian bait for
German national feeling, whether or not
the implied hopes that may be raised are
valid or spurious.
As for the program itself, it can clearly
form no basis for any negotiations between
Russia and the Western Powers. It is
just another major move in the diplomatic
struggle going on over Germany, and its
significance will doubtless be pointed up
by what takes place in Berlin during the
near future.
Hail and Farewell to a Champ
Joe Louis, avowedly retiring after his
twenty-fifth defense of the heavyweight
prize fight championship, leaves behind
him a record of which he has every reason
to be proud. Last night’s contest at
Yankee Stadium, though slow-moving,
left no room for doubt that the Brown
Bomber is still the champ—perhaps the
outstanding fighter of all time. But even
Joe himself admitted after it was over
that he is not the agile, deadly puncher
that he used to be. The listlessness of
Louis and his prancing opponent, Jersey
Joe Walcott, made the first ten rounds
look like a second-rate preliminary. It
took the prodding of the referee to pro
duce the climactic flurry of blows which
dropped the challenger for the final count.
It is understandable, therefore, that Joe
Louis should have announced through the
microphone that he had fought his last
fight. He retires a champion in more ways
than one. Prize fighting has not always
been blessed with such able and clean
fighters as Louis. There are many pres
sures and temptations which only the
strong can resist. But Louis resisted them.
Sticking to fighting, he refused to be
exploited by propagandists of a number of
questionable causes. He climbs out of the
prize ring (if his decision is indeed irrevo
cable) a great fighter, a fine sportsman
and a good citizen—a real credit to sport
dom, to his country and to his race.
The U. N. Loan
Despite some suggestions to the con
trary, it seems highly unlikely that the
United Nations will remove its headquar
ters from this gauntry because' Congress
failed to authorize the U. N. building loan
’in the last-minute rush before adjourn
ment.
After all, the failure is attributable pri
marily to a House leadership that dilly
dallied too long in bringing the measure to
a vote. Unanimously indorsed by the
House Foreign Affairs Committee and ap
proved by the Senate, the proposal has
enjoyed overwhelming support in Con
gress, and the United Nations would be
making little sense if it decided to build
its home abroad simply because of a
temporary delay in action on authorizing
the necessary funds.
Nevertheless, besides creating an unfor
tunate psychological impression in some
quarters, the delay has left the whole
project up in the air and created a number
of difficulties for the architects, excavators,
builders, contractors and others involved.
U. N. Secretary General Trygve Lie is
understandably disappointed and a bit
worried. So, too, is New York City, which
4
has pledged $20,000,000 for site improve
ments and which is anxious to get on
with the job. As in all undertakings of
this sort, financial uncertainty and loss of
time add up to a costly headache for
everybody involved.
Under the bill which Congress failed to
pass in time, the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation would have been empowered
to advance $25,000,000 immediately to the
United Nations, with an additional $40,
000,000 to be appropriated as the work
proceeded and the bills came due. Unless
some way can be found to make the
$25,000,000 available in the weeks ahead,
construction of the New York headquarters
will be held up for a year or two—an
altogether unwarranted delay.
It has been suggested that Congress
ought to be called into special session to
deal with the situation, but that seems
improbable. Another suggestion is that
the World Bank may be able to make the
initial advance. If the bank has the legal
power to do so, it can meet the immediate
problem. In any event, all such possibili
ties should be explored in the hope of
finding a satisfactory stop-gap solution
pending congressional authorization.
Is There a Hiding Place?
The Encyopedia Britannica people are
putting out a movie called “Where Will
You Hide?” This question arises from the
threat of atomic warfare. The film is
designed to show “what will happen in
another war when atomic bombs, bacterio
logical warfare or still-unpublicized weap
ons of mass destruction rain down on
our cities.”
As if in response to the movie’s question,
an Army Map Service expert has just
announced that the Nation’s many natural
caves would be of little value in such a
grim emergency. Reports as to the feasi
bility of using caves for shelter in an
atomic war are “greatly exaggerated,” ac
cording to William E. Davies, a nationally
known expert on caves, who has studied
the problem for the Army.
A false idea as to the availability of
caves for human habitation has grown up
as a result of public inspection of certain
well-known caverns, mostly of a commer
cialized nature, said Mr. Davies. Some of
these holes in the ground may be usable
for storage of important records, military
supplies, scientific apparatus and other
material. But most caverns are not only
inaccessible in an emergency but not fitted
to live in for more than a short time.
They are damp, muddy, poorly ventilated
and full of hazards, from vertical drops of
several hundred feet to falling rocks.
From this pessimistic report it would
seem that the only underground refuge
that might prove effective against radia
tion or germs would be one specifically
designed and constructed for that purpose.
To provide sufficient space underground
in or near every city and town to protect
the inhabitants from destruction obviously
would be an engineering job too enormous
to undertake. And even if the money
could be found to dig these extensive bomb
shelters, there is no certainty that they
would ever prove their worth. If the
bombs should start falling, there will prob
ably be little or no advance warning.
Our hope of salvation must lie either in
some yet-to-be-devised system of guar
anteeing the world against atomic war
fare, or failing that, in an effective defense
ring to break up any attack. Hiding our
heads underground, physically or psycho
logically, is not the answer.
This and That
By Charles E. Tracewell
A correspondent wants to know about tha
yellow-breasted chat.
“We find him as ubiquitous, noisy, gay and
inquisitive as a jay,” she writes.
This is a bird often seen in and around the
city, especially In the suburb*, where his
chatter attracts attention.
The name, of course, comes from just that—
chatter.
Hence chat, and no bird more deserves his
common name.
Gaily he calls, looking down the while to
see if any one notice* him.
* * * *
This one is 7% inches long, which is larg*
for a warbler.
He seems to have a real sense of humor.
In this he always is likened to the blue Jay,
but is unlike him in that his fun is purely
personal.
The Jay likes to laugh at others, Including
man, cat and dog, as well as bird.
The chat makes a joke about himself, and
tells it to all who will listen.
Perhaps this is not going too far: the chat
actually gives one that feeling.
* * * *
A peculiar bird, is this yellow-breasted chat.
He knows a thing or two, though, as humor
ous things usually do.
For instance, when the parasitic cowbird
puts an egg in his nest, he destroys it.
In this he is one of the few species that
seem to know the difference between rightful
babies and usurpers of the nest.
There is a long-tailed chat, but he is not
seen hereabout.
* * * *
The chat nest is put, usually, in a tangle of
shrubbery. It is made of leaves, strips of
bark and weed stalks, lined with fine grasses.
The eggs are three to five, white, tinted with
pink, spotted with chestnut.
The pink tinge is seen only when the egga
first are laid.
This bird winters in Florida and to the
South as far as Yucatan and Costa Rica.
In summer he has been found as far North
as Maine, but only as a casual visitor.
«■ * * *
Although classed as a warbler, the chat
really is quite un-warbler-like in appearance,
song and actions.
Therefore those trying to identify him should
not think “warbler” too much or they will miss
him entirely.
The size, heavy bfil and very loud voice set
it apart.
Some regard it as one of the hardest to
see and the easiest to hear.
The song usually comes as the creature hops
around in the top of a tree or in shrubbery.
He also has a flight song, given as he flies
high, and then descends with dangling feet.
* * * *
Some listeners feel that the bird never sings,
but Just gives forth with an odd mixture of
whistles, squeaks, cackles, etc.
It is this "chatting” type of sound, reminding
one of the talk back and forward between two
excited ladies, that gives the bird his common
name. ^
Victor Herbert wrote “Badinage,’ always a
favorite: the music somehow reminds one of
the sort of thing the chat achieves in the vocal
This is a fine bird, one to be taken lightly per
haps, but none the less pleasantly for all that.
He belongs to the comparatively small group
of birds regarded as humorous. It may be that
no bird has a real sense of humor, even when
it seems to have; the apparent fun in its dis
position is just the interpretation humans put
on what it does and says. But when we watch
the crow, the jay and the chat, we feel that
there is something different there, and perhaps
"humorous” is Just as good a label as any.
t
Letters to The Star i
Supports Supreme Court View
To the Editor of The SUr:
The Star persists in treating the Supreme
Court’s recent decision on religious Instruc
tion in the public schools as an "attack on
religion.” When the decision first was an
nounced, The Star’s able cartoonist portrayed
the court as having decided in favor of athe
ism and against religion. The gross miscon
ception of the cartoon now is repeated, sur
prisingly enough, by the more pretentious,
but equally fallacious, editorial reprinted from
the American Bar Association Journal.
To suggest that the court was choosing be
tween atheism and religion is a gratuitous in
sult to the eight justices who Joined in the
court’s decision, and to the seven major na
tional religious denominations which inter
vened in the case and asked the court to ban
the Champaign system. It seems clear to me
that, far from aiding atheism, tHe decision has
strengthened the integrity of free religion as
well as the integrity of free public education.
As the court said, "Both religion and govern
ment can best work to achieve their lofty aims
if each is left free from the other within its
respective sphere.”
It is astonishing to find the story of the four
Immortal chaplains—Jewish, Protestant and
Catholic—who went down together on the S. S.
Dorchester, used as an argument against the
court. Is it seriously suggested that the moral
of this sublime act of heroism and faith is
that public school systems should include
religious instruction that inevitably emphasizes
creedal differences and embroils the govern
ment, however innocently, in those religious
conflicts which too frequently have erupted
and stained the pages of history? Is it not
truer to say that the moral of the Dorchester is
that the public school system must keep divi
sive forces out of the schools—that the schools
must insure that the basic unities among our
people remain stronger than our creedal di
versities so that in times of national crisis we
act as united Americans and not as divided
sectarians?
Principle of Separation Stressed.
Hie issue in the Champaign case was not
whether the Government may foster religion
as an element in the general welfare; in many
substantial and significant ways Federal, State
and local governments foster religion. The
.issue in the Champaign case was whether Gov
ernment, in its desire to promote religion, can
employ the public school systems to the extent
of having the tax-supported public school
buildings used for the dissemination of reli
gious doctrines. The court, as was its clear
duty under the principle of separation oi
church and State, said it could not.
The public school system, as a specially vital
organ of our Government, as a shield and
symbol of our democracy, has played a decisive
part in the development of the American con
cept of separation of church and State. As the
court’s opinion shows, by the year 1875 the
principle of separation of public education
from church entanglements was firmly estab
lished in the consciousness of the Nation. By
that time, the prohibition of the commingling
of religious and sectarian instruction in the
public schools was the unchallenged rule. It
is the released time programs which are a com
paratively new innovation in our public school
system. Does any one seriously suggest that
during the long period of American history
when the principle of separation was unchal
lenged in our public school system that religion
suffered?
True, there is a problem of irreligion in
contemporary life. But the answer to that
problem is not more sectarianism in the pub
lic schools, but more religion in the churches,
the synagogues and the homes—in the places
which have traditionally been the soil of
true, free religion. What the school can offer
as a valid contribution to religion—consistent
with the schools’ basic purpose to educate
America’s children for democracy in an atmos
phere free from sectarian pressure—is to pro
mote understanding between religious groups
and respect for the basic ethical truths com
mon to all the great religions. This the schools
already do in some measure; there are few
subjects in the elementary school curricula
which are not shaped and guided by our basic
religious concepts.
Churches and Synagogues’ Duty.
As an old Sunday school superintendent who
still is vitally interested in its program, I can
testify that our Sunday schools have failed to
exploit their possibilities to inculcate religion.
Much can be done in adapting modern school
methods and pedagogy to the needs of religious
instruction in the Sunday school. This is
the responsibility of the churches and the
synagogues. I hope they will prepare to meet
that challenge without asking the public school
system to shoulder their private burdens.
We know ^rom the studies made by the United
States Office of Education that about half of
the communities which have tried it have
given up the released time plan because it
Just didn’t work from the standpoint of the
schools or the churches. As a practical mat
ter, it is questionable whether released time
programs can solve the problem of irreligion.
In the public school system the overriding
objective must be to train Americans. In our
public schools the child should be primarily
an American among Americans, who are un
shakably devoted to the basic unities of the
American way of life. Divisive forces must
be kept out of the public school if it is to be
come the "symbol of our democracy and mo6t
pervasive means for promoting our common
destiny.” The Supreme Court, true to its con
stitutional obligations, has preserved the unity
and integrity of our schools as the foundation
of American democracy. They have helped
to keep the American public schools the hest
in the world. PAUL RICHMAN.
National Representative, Anti-Defamation
League of B’nal B’rith.
Help for Embattled China
To the Editor ol The Star:
In his column last Sunday, Constantine
Brown again showed himself to be one of the
ablest political columnists in the Nation’s
Capital.
His revelations of the manner in which the
Truman administration conspired to prevent
aid to China are amazing. It was generally
known that Secretary Marshall sought to satis
fy his personal pique over his failure in China
by opposing any move that would support
Chiang Kai-shek’s government against the
Communists. It, however, was reasonable to
expect that he would put aside his ego in the
interest of his country. It is a sorry situation
when the government of a great and respected
nation permits its most vital foreign-policy
link to be determined by the personal dislikes
and prejudices of its foreign policy makers.
It is particularly surprising that Secretary
Royall should have taken part in the shameful
betrayal of the valiant Chinese armies who
have been fighting our common enemies, the
Japanese and the Communists, for more than
a decade. When Mr. Royall testified in execu
tive session that China inevitably would be
taken over by the Communists, he was acting
not only aa a defeatist but as an amateur
prognosticator the like of which we had many
during the last world war. The defeatists then
predicted the “inevitable collapse of China un
der the blows of the Japanese Army,” yet we
know today thgt the ability of the Chinese to
tie up vast numbers of Japanese troops was
the greatest outside contribution to our final
victory.
Despite all the double talk from the Whit#
House and the 6tat# Department, on% thing
a
>
Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address of the
writer, although it is permissible for
a writer known to The Star to use
a nom de plume. Please be brief.
stands out clearly: Until the Soviet Union has
secured its Asiatic flank by knocking the
Chinese Republic out of the fight against
communism, the Red Army will not be in
position to move elsewhere. As long as China
can maintain herself in the anti-Communlst
battle line, Soviet Russia will have a 3,000
mlle-long exposed "underbelly’' in Asia, vul
nerable to bomber attacks and to Invasion
in the event of a war with the United States.
It, therefore, is obvious that it is to the best
Interests of the United States to keep the mil
lions of hardy Chinese in the battle and to
see to it that they are not beaten. This can
be done by means of a comparatively small
flow of military supplies. Centuries of priva
tion have taught the Chinese people to do big
jobs with little assistance. The cost would
be only a fraction of the billions we poured
into Soviet Russia during the past seven years.
Our aid to China need only be a fraction of
the money which the present administration
proposes to throw into Europe to bolster
pseudo-socialist regimes that would collapse at
the first roar from the Soviet bear.
PAUL D. HAMMACHER.
Capital Transit Salaries
To the Editor of The Star:
I notice the Capital Transit Co. is asking
a raise in fare, intimating that fares in other
towns are higher. This is not so as in most
towns fares are lower, also rides are longer.
Very few are as high as here.
If the Capital Transit is losing, why the
huge salaries they pay their top men? E. D. C.
Three Temples in Jerusalem
To the Editor of The Star:
In The Star of June 15, the Haskln Service
replied with the following statement to an
inquiry regarding the Wailing Wall in Jeru
salem: “When Solomon’s Temple fell into the
hands of the Moslems, this fragment of the
old wall marked the nearest approach that the
Jews could make to the holy site.”
But Solomon’s Temple never fell into the
hands of the Moslems. Built about 1,000 years
before Christ, it was destroyed during the
Babylonian conquest of Palestine, about 400
years later. It was rebuilt at the end of the
Babylonian captivity, about 500 B.C. Then,
about 20 B.C., this second temple was de
molished and its reconstruction begun by Herod
the Great, called King of the Jews, though
actually he ruled as a vassal of Rome, his
position having been confirmed by Mark
Anthony. Herod had a mania for building, and
embellished many cities of Palestine with baths
and theaters. He even constructed whole towns.
The Jews were reluctant to have Herod raze
their Temple, fearing that he might neglect
to rebuild it, for he was unscrupulous and
ruthless. It was he who tried to kill the infant
Christ. He murdered his beautiful wife, Mari
amne, and is said to have executed the entire
Jewish Sanhedrin merely because, as the
Jewish national assembly, it had presumed to
criticize some of his acts.
The Wonder of Herod’s Making.
Herod's Temple was one of the architectural
wonders of the ancient world, and one of the
most astonishing buildings of all time. In size
and splendor it far surpassed Solomon’s Temple.
Towering above the buildings of ancient
Jerusalem, it looked (according to Josephus, a
contemporary Jewish historian) like a snow
covered mountain, since such parts as were
not gilded were of white marble. The sun
reflected from its gold-covered surfaces is said
almost to have blinded the beholder. We read
of doors 40 feet high and half as wide, covered,
together with their Jambs and lintels, not with
gold-leaf (though its use was then common),
but with heavy plates of gold. That is not
incredible, since the Romans are said to have
used $25,000,000 worth of the precious metal
(as much as our Capitol has cost since it was
begun) to gild their temple of Jupiter Capi
tolinus, otherwise known as the Capitolium or
Capitol.
But the most remarkable part of Herod's
Temple was the vast court in which the actual
building stood. Herod had more than doubled
the original area of the Temple site by filling
in and walling up part of a valley, thereby
creating space for a court 1,200 feet long by
1,000 feet wide. This court, paved with slabs
of marble, was surrounded by a stoa, or covered
passage, usually known as the porch, which was
nearly a mile in length. On three sides of the
court, this porch was composed of three rows
of columns. On the south side, where it was
known as the Royal Porch, there were, accord
ing to Josephus, 162 columns in four parallel
rows. There must have been at least 500 of
these columns, and all of them were in the
Corinthian style, with which we are familiar
in our Capitol and Supreme Court buildings.
Each of them is said tq have been carved from
a single piece of white marble, and to have
been of such circumference that three men
holding hands could Just reach around it at
its base.
Endured Only a Single Decade.
Strange as It may seem, though the ruin* of
many much older pagan temples still exist, not
even the smallest fragment of the architectural
details of Herod’s marvelous Temple appear*
thus far to have been discovered, though a
portion of Its foundations probably forms the
present Wailing Wall. Requiring 80 year* to
finish, and built to endure for ages, it stood
for barely 10 years after Its completion and
eventually disappeared entirely.
In AD. 70, following a siege In which more
than a million Jews are said to have perished,
Herod’s Temple (the third Jewish Temple) was
destroyed by the angry soldiers of the Roman
General (later Emperor) Titus, who was unable
to restrain them. Carved reliefs representing
the Seven Golden Candlesticks and other sacred
objects which these soldiers carried off from
Herod’s Temple, still may be seen on the
Triumphal Arch of Titus In Rome. Under that
arch no orthodox Jew may pass, since It 1*
the outstanding symbol of the humiliation of
his people.
Perhaps it was the pride inspired In them
by their magnificent Temple (which in size
and splendor certainly exceeded any pagan
temple) that led the Jews Into their tragic
war with the Romans—a war whose echoes
have not died out after nearly 2,000 years.
But the Jews were not yet entirely conquered,
nor was Jerusalem yet totally destroyed. How
ever, In the year 132, as the result of an up
rising under Bar Kochba, Its ruin was com
pleted. A Roman city known as Aelia Capitolina
subsequently was built cm its site, which was
further desecrated by the erection of many
pagan temples. A temple to Jupiter Capltolinu*,
the patron deity of ancient Rome, profaned
the Temple area. No Jew was permitted to enter
this Roman city, though entry was not for
bidden to the Christians. It is therefore evident
that no Jewish Temple fell Into the hands of
the Mohammedan conquerors. The Mosque of
Omar (symbolizing a religion that Is not Jewish,
Christian or pagan) now stand* on the Temple
slte. CHARLES H. PROBERT.
Convention Parade* Questioned
To the Editor of The 8t»r:
Do we really want to continue the custom
of the “spontaneous,” carefully planned parades
at our national conventions?
A convention has serious work to do.
DELCEVARE KINO.
I
The Political Mill
Warren's Choice Seen
Strengthening Ticket
Assures G. O. P. Coast Victory | Good
Friend of Dewey
By Gould Lincoln
PHILADELPHIA. June 34.—The $44 ques
tion to be decided by the Republican Na
tional Committee, after it had become appar
ent that Gov. Dewey of New York would head
the national ticket, was who would be the Tice
presidential nominee.
Harold E. Stassen of Minnesota had said he
would not accept second place with Got.
Dewey. Got. Warren of California had said
he was not "interested" in becoming Vice
President. Senator Bricker of Ohio, who was
Gov. Dewey’s running mate in 1944; House
Majority Leader Halleck of Indiana and
Gov. Green of Illinois all were available.
Despite various reports. Gov. Dewey never
made any commitment to any one regarding
the vice presidential nomination. So it was
with a clean slate that'the new presidential
nominee sqt In conference with Republican
leaders from all sections of the country far
into the night and until the small hours of
the morning following his own nomination to
consider this question from all angles.
Warren Admirable Choice.
Primarily the issue was to pick a running
mate for Gov. Dewey who would strengthen
the ticket, although it was more Important
still to find a man fit to be Chief Executive
should anything untoward happen to the
President, in the event of Gov. Dewey’s elec
tion. In addition, Gov. Dewey and his con
ferees had to decide whether it was better to
reward one of his supporters for the presi
dential nomination (a natural thing to do)
or to help cement the party by taking for
Vice President one of those who had been an
opponent.
It was a difficult choice to make. Gov. War
ren’s acceptance was an answer to prayer. He
is Governor of the great State of the Pacific
Coast as Gov. Dewey is Governor of the Empire
State on the Atlantic. Gov. Warren had
wrested political control of California from
the Democrats, winning by a large margin
while Franklin D. Roosevelt was still in the
White House. Gov. Dewey had won a similar
battle in New York. Both are serving their
second terms. A Dewey-Warren ticket is from
every angle admirable. Gov. Warren’s nomi
nation assures Republican victory on the West
Coast. Gov. Dewey in the East and Midwest
is strong as horse radish.
When Gov. Warren said he was "not inter
ested" in a vice presidential nomination he was
a candidate for President. When that issue
no longer confronted him, it was a different
Warren. Further, he was persuaded that he
could be of real service to the Republican Party
and to the country if he would accept.
Stassen Could Have Accepted.
Oov. Dewey and his conferees were con
fronted with a situation, before Warren ac
cepted. Harold Stassen, who had been goaded
Into saying last year he would not run for Vice
President with Oov. Dewey, had to make such
a statement to convince people he was a real
candidate for the presidential nomination and
not just shadow boxing. But when the presi
dential nomination had been settled, he, too,
was In a position where he could say “yes’*
without doing violence to his former stand.
Mr. Stassen had proved himself widely popu
lar with millions of young people and Indepen
dent voters. His following Is almost as fanati
cal as was that of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
And Mr. Stassen’s friends put all the pressure
they could bring to bear on Gov. Dewey and the
conferees to get back of the Minnesotan for
the vice presidential nomination. Gov. War
ren’s acceptance relieved that situation. Un
doubtedly a Dewey-Stassen ticket would have
been tremendously strong with the voters, too.
Dewey, Warren Good Friends.
Gov. Warren, unlike Mr. Stassen, had never
entered a coalition at the convention to “stop”
Gov. Dewey. He was not out to “stop” any one,
but to get the nomination himself If that were
possible. Further, he and Gov. Dewey have been
good friends, and have kept In touch with one
another constantly, (m problems effecting State
government. If Gov. Warren could not have
the presidential nomination he preferred Gov.
Dewey to either Mr. Stassen or Senator Taft
of Ohio.
Outside of Senator Martin of Pennsylvania,
no one did more real service for the Dewey
cause at the national convention than House
Leader Halleck, who lined up Indiana’s 39
delegates and threw them Into Oov. Dewey’s
column at a crucial moment—and kept them
there. The nomination for Vice President was
due him. His failure to get It was one of the
fortunes of politics, which are sometimes hard
to take.
Questions and Answers
A reader can set the anawar to anr aueetloo «f
fact hr writlna The Brenln* Star Information
Bureau. 81 8 Ere atreet H E.. Washington 2. D. C.
Please Inclose three (3) cents for return posters.
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.
Q. How do national forests differ from
national parks?—N. N.
A. National parks are Federal game sanctu
aries and wildlife must be protected. No hunt
ing Is permitted and natural features may
not be disturbed. Unlike national parks the
national forests permit hunting and fishing
subject to local laws. The privilege of cutting
trees Is leased to Individuals under the guid
ance of authorized forest rangers and suitable
areas are rented to stock grazers.
q Were there any Indians In the United
States Army In World War I?—C. McC. ‘
A. The majority of Indians as noncitizens
were not subject to the draft, but about 8,000
saw military service In 1917-8. The Indians
proved to be particularly valuable In the In
telligence services, in sniping and raiding be
yond enemy lines. Indian languages provided
a secret code which completely baffled the
Germans.
q. in what language does Sholem Asch
write?—B. H.
A. The author has written nearly all his
novels, plays and poems In Yiddish. Though
he speaks English fluently and has occasionally
written In It, Sholem Asch remains essentially
a Yiddish writer whose works appear in trans
lation.
Q. Does the direction In which rows of plants
are laid out have any effect on their growth?
—L. J. E.
A. In small flower gardens and In the case of
crops of varying heights, planting In north
south rather than in east-west rows result In
more symmetrical development, for both sides
of the plant are equally exposed to sunshine
and there is more protection from the heat of
the midday sun.
q What is a pulp magazine?—N. N. C.
A.’ A pulp magazine Is one that Is printed
on paper from pulpwood, similar to newsprint.
Such magazines specialise In fast-moving fic
tion, chiefly detective, western or wmance.
Kingdom of the Arts
A hundred empires that have thrust ~
Dome and turret, now are dust:
Their glories unremembered, gone
Into’unmounted oblivion.
While time, with rich investiture
Has set art, music and literature
In lasting kingdom that shall stand.
Its white towers linking . . . land . . .
and land. ___ ,
KATHERINE EDELMAJT.
i