Evening star. [volume], September 15, 1948, Page A-5, Image 5

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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U. N. to Get Problem
Of Italy's Colonies
As Big Four Disagree
Rv the Associated Press
PARIS. Sept. 15.—The problem
f>f what to do about Italy’s pre
war empire in Africa went to the
United Nations today for de
cision.
Representatives of the Big Pour
powers—Russia, the United States,
Britain and France—wrangled over
the question until 3 o'clock this
morning, but agreed on only one
thing—that they could not agree.
Representatives of the four coun
tries. formally turning over the
question to the U. N., drafted this
letter to Secretary-General Trygve
Lie:
■ On the instructions of the gov
ernments of the United States,
France, the United Kingdom and
the Soviet Union, we have the
honor to inform you that the ques
tion of toe fate of the to’.mer Ital
ian colonies is transmitted to the
General Assembly of the United
Nations under Article 23. Paragraph
3 of Annex 11 of the treaty of peace
with Italy. This is done so that in
accordance with the rules of its
procedure the Assembly may ex
amine the question at the session
opening September 21."
Conferred Two Days,
By the terms of the Italian peace
treaty, signed a year ago today, the
problem now passes to the United
Nations Assembly. The veto does
no" apply there.
In two days of conferences the
Bie Four delegates—summoned to
consider the future of Eritrea.
Libya and Somaliland—spent most
of their time arguing about whether
they had the necessary authority to
do anything. Russia said they
hadn't because only France had a
foreign minister present.
When they did get down to the
question at hand. Russia demanded
that ail three colonies be placed
under international trusteeship. The
Western powers said no. The West
ern powers got together on a pro
posal 10 put Somaliland under Ital
ian trusteeship. Rusisa blocked that.
C. S. Backs British Proposal.
Tn Washington, tlie State Depart
ment. announced that the United
S'at es is backing a British pro
posal to turn over Cirenaica. one
of Libya's three provinces, to Brit
ain. under U. N. trusteeship, until
independence can be achieved.
(Secretary of State Marshall re
fused today to bind the United
States to follow in the United
Nations Assembly exactly the
same proposals for disposition of
Italy's prewar colonies as it spon
sored in Big Four discussions.
(He told a news conference that
this Government is giving care
ful consideration to each proposal
put forward by other govern
ments in an eilort to find seme
workable plan.)
Andrei Y. Vishinskv, the Soviet
deputy Foreign Minister, said the
meetings here were not session; of
the Foreign Minister's Council, since
only France had a man of that
rank present.
Russia Shifts Attitude.
The Russian proposal for inter
national trusteeship for the three
coloni“s constituted an abrupt shift.
Earlier, the Soviet Union had rome
out for putting them under Italian
trusteeship. Mr. Vishinskv shifted
course in the middle of an argu
ment yesterday.
Lewis W. Douglas. Ambassador to
London, representing the United
States, expressed amazement. First,
he said. Russia wanted to give Italy
everything: then, she wanted to
give Italy nothing.
Until the question is decided, the
colonies will remain under British
and French administration as they
have since they were taken from
Italy during the war. France con
trols the Fezzan Province in Libya,
Britain all the rest. The colonies
ha\p an area of more than 1.000.000
square miles and a population of
approximately 2.500.000.
Security Reasons Seen
‘ In Changed U. S. Stand
By the Associated Press
The United States changed its
mind about giving Italy back her
three African colonies because of
military security reasons. Western
diplomatic officials reported today.
Diplomats said forceful British
arguments prompted the State De
partment's decision yesterday to
back Britain's demand for trustee
shin over Cirenaica and postpone
further action on Tripolitania for
one year.
British Occupy Area
Cirenaica forms the northeastern
part of strategic Libya. Tripolitania
the southern sector. British troops
now occupy the whole area, as well
r> lhe two other former Italian col
onies—Eritrea and Somaliland—in
volved in the deadlocked four-power
discussions.
Former Secretary of State James
Byrnes advocated giving all three
colonies back to Italy under a
United Nations trusteeship during
the 1 f»46 Italian peace conference
negotiations. Russia and France
supported the move, but Britain
fatly refused to agree. That post
poned a final decision.
The British were reported to have
stressed the tense world outlook in
urging the American Government
to switch its position.
Politics
'Continued From First Page.)
the Republicans maintain their
Senate control.
Got. Dewey, it was said, is ex
pected to visit all the States having
doubtful Senate races, including
West Virginia. There have been
scene report' that he would not
campaign in West Virginia because
of differences with Senator Rever
comb over displaced persons legis
lation.
Senator Revercomb is having a
hard fight with former Senator
Neely.
Other political developments in
cluded:
1. President Truman yesterday
told a gathering here of United
States attorneys that there will be
a Democratic victory in November
if they protect the people from co
ercion.
2. William Green, president of the
AFL. said after a White House visit
yesterday that the November elec
tions will bring out a record labor
vote with "a very large percentage"
of the AFL membership voting for
Mr. Truman.
3. Louis Johnson, former Assistant
Secretary' of War, w>as named head
of the Finance Committee of the
Democratic National Committee.
«
Text of Truman and Findling Letters on NLRB Charge
Following are the texts of let- 1
ters exchanged between President
Truman and David P. Findling,
associate general counsel of the
national Labor Relations Board,
in connection with the Interna
tional Typographical Union case:
Mr. Findling's letter:
My Dear Mr. President:
We have been advised that you
have requested a report concerning
a recent conference in Senator
Taft's office, having to do with the
typographical union and newspaper
publishers. The following is my
! recollection of what occurred.
At the request of Senator Taft,,
| relayed to me through Mr. (Thomas
1E.' Shroyer, chief counsel for the
Joint Committee on Labor Manage
j ment Relations under the Labor
Management Relations Act. 1947,
Mr. Johns and I went to Senator
Taft's office at 11 a.m. on Wednes
day. July 28. 1948. Mr. Johns is chief
of the District Court injunction
j section of the general counsel office
and has the responsibility for con
ducting litigation involving tem
porary injunctive relief under sec
tion 10 (J> and iL" of the National
Labor Relations Act. as amended.
At the opening of the meeting
there were present in the Senator's
office, in addition to Senator Taft,
Mr. Shroyer, Mr. Jones and myself.
Mr. John S Knight, publisher of the
Knight chain of newspapers, in
cluding a Chicago newspaper, Mr.
E. M. Antrim, busines smanager of
the Chicago Tribune, Mr. Richard J.
Finnegan, editor of the Chicago Sun.
and Mr. Robert C. Bassett, counsel
for the Hearst newsapers, including
the Chicago Hearst newspaper.
Stressed Importance of Case.
Alter conventional preliminaries
and introductions Senator Taft
said that lie appreciated our coming
to his office and that he wished to
caserns Uie typographical union
proceedings. He stated that under
the present structure, of the Na
tional Labor Relations Act, the en
forcement of the statute, including
utilization of the injunctive pro
cedures of the act. had to be through
tiie National Relations Board: and
that, although he had originally
entertained a different view, his
colleagues had persuaded him that
it was undesirable to peimit private
parties to enforce the provisions
of the act by injunctive litigation
privately instituted.
He said that he regarded the ITU
case as the most important case
that had come to the board and
I hat it stood as a symbol to many
members ol the Congress and he
believed, to the puolic, of the effec
tiveness of the enforcement ma
chinery of the statute. He said
that he was therefore greatly dis
turbed by reports that had come to
him from various sources, indicating
that there was a serious breakdown
1 of the enforcement machinery in
the case of the typographical union
land the publishers.
NLRB OFFICIALS AT WHITE HOUSE—Robert N. Denham, general counsel of the National La
bor Relations Board, and two aides as they left the White House after a conference with
President Truman late yesterday. (Left to right): Winthrop A. John, in charge of injunctions,
Mr Denham and David P. Findling, associate general counsel. Later In the day the White
House made public a letter in which Mr. Truman accused Senator Taft, Republican, of Ohio of
an "improper” attempt to “put the heat on” the NLRB to act against the International Typo
graphical Union. ___ AP^Wirephoto.^
He declared, particularly, that in
a situation where the general coun
sel's office had sought and obtained
an injunction, it was believed the
Government's responsibility to see
that the injunction was obeyed.
Mr. Johns and I said that we were
in no position to discuss the details
of the typographical union's con
duct in so far as it involved a
possible violation of the injunction
because we did not have all the
facts at our command: that we had
sent staff investigators into various
cities all over the country during
the previous several weeks to obtain
information as to exactly w'hat was
happening in negotiations between
publishers and the typographical
union, and that these investigators
were then in process of preparing
a written report correlating the data
that they had obtained.
Taft Repeated Earlier Stand.
We said that we expected to have
their report in our hands within a
week, and that the general coun
sel's office would then be in a posi
tion to make a determination as
to whether or not there had been
a violation of the decree. We
stated emphatically our awareness
of our responsibility to the public
and to the court; that, as Mr.
(Robert' Denham had .publicly
stated, the injunction had not been
idly sought; and that if violations
of the injunction were occurring we
would promptly call them to the
court's attention.
Senator Taft repeated in sub
stance that he had called us because
he wanted us to know that he was
keenly interested in effective en
forcement of the statute and that
in his view and, in the view of the
Joint Committee, the Typographi
cal Union case was the most import
ant proceeding that had arisen un
der the new act. He then excused
himself saying that he might re
turn if'he could get away from an
'other meeting which required his
presence.
Thereafter, the meeting continued
in Senator Taft's office with the
publishers discussing in great detail
the present status of the negotia
tions in Chicago from their point of
viewT and with particular reference
to whether or not certain demands
made by the union in the negotia
tions were prohibited by the in
junction decree. During this dis
cussion the publishers indicated that
if the injunction decree did not pro
hibit all of the conduct they thought
unlawful, they wished us to enlarge
the decree or to institute another
injunction proceeding.
We questioned the practicability
of any such suggestion, but said we
would., consider it further. Mr.
Sh rover was present throughout
these conversations and participated
in them to the extent of indicating
from time to time his and the joint
committee’s interest in the situation
in the newspaper industry.
The meeting closed at about 12:45
pm., with the understanding that
after we had had an opportunity to
study and analyze the report of our
investigators we might wish to dis
cus the situation with the publish
ers' attorneys in Washington. The
publisheis assured us that their rep
resentatives would be available for
any discussions we desired to have.
Senator Taft did not. return to the
meeting.
Truman Reply to Kindling.
President Truman's reply to Mr.
Findling:
Deal Mr. Findling:
I read your letter of August 19
regarding the meeting in Senator
Taft’s office with the publishers and
the Chicago newspapermen with a
lot of interest.
It seems to me that it is entirely
improper for any Senator, no matter
what his politics or his rank in the
Senate may be, to attempt to put
the heat on one of the executive
! departments.
In my conference with the Na
tional Labor Relations Board on its
organization. I informed the mem
bers of that board end the counsel
j that they constituted a part of the
executive branch of the Government
and since the Chief Executive did
not exoecf to interfere in their in
ternal affairs, h“ expected that they
would be immune to pressure from
the legislative branch of the Gov
ernment.
I sincerely hope that the counsel
ors of the National Labor Relations
Board will bear this in mind in the
transaction of public business.
NLRB
(Continued From First Page.!
newspaper strike which has been
! in progress since last November,
and also was attended by Chi
..igo publishers. The publishers,
with o'hers in the industry, have
.ought JTU efforts to retain their
.iv.ciiiional closed shop.
| “It seems to me that it Ls en
tirely improper lor any Senator” no
matter which his politics or his rank
in the Senate may be, to J,mpt
to put the heat on one of en
tire departments.” Mr. nan
wrote David P. Findling. relate
general counsel of the NLRB, .who
was summoned to Senator Taft's
office with Winthrop A. Johns of
the board's legal staff.
Senator Taft, who has just re
turned to Cincinnati from a Cana
dian vacation, promised a reply to
the Truman letter after he had an
opportunity to study it.
In making public the President's
letter, and a communication from
Mr. Findling dealing with the meet
ing in Senator Taft's office, the
White House brought further into
the open a situation that developed
last month.
At that tirr-e. the ITU, at its con
vention in Milwaukee, asked the
President to investigate reports that
Senator Taft had called in NLRB
officials on July 28 and suggested
they bring contempt proceedings
against the ITU on the grounds that
it had violated a Federal Court in
junction issued March 27, forbidding
the union from demanding a closed
shop in negotiating new contracts.
Mr. Truman promised the inquiry
and received a report on August 19
from Mr. Findling to which he re
sponded the following day.
At the time of the meeting with
Senator Taft. Robert N. Denham
NLRB general counsel, denied that
the Senator had sought to eserce
his aides. Mr Denham also was
brought to the White House yes
terday with Mr. Findling and Mr.
Johns. He has been in ill health
this summer and did not sit in on
the meeting in Senator Taft's of
fice to which the participants were
called by Thomas E. Schroyer.
counsel for the Taft-Hartley law
"watchdog” committee acting for
the Ohioan.
Findling Quotes Taft.
Mr. Findling. in his report of the
Capitol meeting, said Senator Taft
had commented ‘ that he regarded
the ITU case as the most important
case that had come to the board
and that it stood as symbol to many
members of the Congress and, he
believed, to the public, of the ef
fectiveness of the enforcement ma
chinery of the statute.”
‘He said that he was therefore
! greatly disturbed by reports that
: had come to him from various
! sources, indicating that there was a
I serious breakdown of the enforce
ment machinery in the case of the
Typographical Union and the pub
lisher...” the attorney continued.
“He (Senator Taft' declared, par
ticularly. that in a situation where
the general counsel's office had
sought and obtained an injunction
it was, he believed, the Govern
ment’s responsibility to see that the
| injunction was obeyed.”
■ Mr. Findling said he and Mr.
Johns “stated emphatically our
awareness of our responsibility to
the public and to the court: that, as
Mr. Denham had publicly stated,
the injunction had not been idly
sought: and that if violations of the
injunction were occurring we would
promptly call them to the court's
attention.”
On August 24—nearly a month
after the meeting in Senator' Taft's
office—the General Counsels office
asked the court to find the union in
contempt, alleging violation of the
injunction. The charges will be aired
in Indianapolis before Judge Luther
M. Swvgert, beginning next Monday.
In his letter to Mr. Findling. Mr.
Truman commented that when the
NLRB was organized he told the
members “they constitute a part of
ilie executive branch of the Gov
ernment and since the Chief Execu
tive did not expect to interfere in
their internal affairs, he expected
they would be immune to pressure
from the legislative branch of the
Government.”
This admonition followed reports
that members of the “watchdog"
committee had impressed their views
on NLRB officials as to enforce
ment of the new law, which was
passed over Mr. Truman's veto.
At yesterday’s White House con
ference, according to Press Secre
tary Charles G. Ross, the President
re-emphasized this same point.
Yugoslav
(Continued From First Page.'
norm and east might as well be
torn up.
Treaty Violations Charged.
These treaties, said the editorial,
have been "flagrantly violated."
"friendship and alliance between
peoples of the democratic countries
are not compatible with the meth
ods of pressure or with calls to abol
ish the legal leadership of another
state or with the baseless, inimical
assaults on the leadership and the
people," the newspaper declared.
The replies, according to Borba.
are "full of rude insults unusual in
international relations—at least in
relations Vietween countries bound
together by an alliance treaty."
The Yugoslav press did not carry
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a full text of either the Romanian
or the, Hungarian reply.
The editorial was the first
acknowledgment here that these
governments had replied to the
Yugoslav charges that their respon
sible authorities were trying to fo
ment civil war and overthrow Tito
and his supporters.
The editorial said Romania and
Hungary had not denied any of
the -facts presented in the Yugo
slav protest and added:
‘They confine themselves to un
convincing general phrases in an
effort to prove that the anti-Yugo
slav campaign of Romanian and
Hungarian state functionaries is
not directed against the Yugoslav
people, blit the government.”
Hungarians Rebuked.
The editorial rebuked the Hun
ganahs for implying in their reply
that Yugoslavia is turning toward
the ‘ Imperialist West’’ because she
accepted Yugoslav frozen gold as
sets from America. It points our
that the Hungarians asked for their
gold from America in 1946 and
got it..
Both the Hungarian and Roma
nian replies rre trying to poitray
their ‘unprincipled anti-Yugoslav
campaign,” said the editorial, “as
criticism ol the leadership of the
Communist Party."
The Yugoslav Party members are
not against criticism,” but they will
not accent a "slanderous campaign”
against Yugoslavia, said the editorial.
Meanwhile, a ‘ support Tito” cam
paign is being kept at the highest
possible pitch in Yugoslavia. Mar
shal Tito has appeared in public
all along the Dalmatian coast and
on several of the Yugoslav islands
in the Adriatic, visiting docks, fac
tories and workers' homes.
Jet Explodes in Bavaria
WIESBADEN, Germany, Sept. 15
i/P).—An American jet fighter plane,
exploded over Bavaria today, killing
! the pilot. It was the fourth Ameri
can jet craft lost this month. Frag
ments from the explosion damaged
another jet flying in the same for
mation near the Fuerstepfeldbruck
air base.__
Italy Abolishes Visas
For American Tourists
By ths Associated Press
GENOA. Italy, Sept. 15—Foreign
Minister Carlo Sforza said yesterday
that American tourists no longer
I will need visas to enter Italy.
Mr. Sforza made his announce
ment in a speech to the *6-nation
! conference on tourism and com-,
mercial exchanges which opened
yesterday.
Dewey
i Continued From First Page.>
phases of foreign policy, "we shall
not be in controversy over the
basic fact that America is united
against 'aggression and against the
foes of freedom." Chairman Van
denberg of the Foreign Relations
Committee made his statement fol
lowing another foreign policy con
ference last Friday with Gov. Dewey
and Mr. Dulles.
The Governor’s office revealed
today that Chairman Hope of the
House Agriculture Committee, and:
Senator Aiken of Vermont, acting
chairman of the Senate Agriculture
Committee, will come here Friday
for a conference on farm problems
generally.
Although Gov. Dewey opens his
campaign Mondav in Des Moines,
Iowa, the heart of the farm belt, he
has let it be known that his first
speech will not be confined to agri
culture. He plans, instead, to make
it a general outline of the platform
on which he will make his bid for
the White House,
May State Farm Policy.
For that reason, he may want to
make his position on farm problems
clear before leaving for the Midwest
Sunday. He will have two oppor
tunities to do so:
1— After talking with Representa
tive Hope and Senator Aiken here
Friday, or:
2— When he acts as hast to a large
group of newspaper and radio farm
editors at Pawling. Saturday. Sen
ator Aiken and Mr. Hope are ex
pected to remain over for the Sat
urday meeting.
Both major parties face a con
flict of interest in this campaign
between the large city populations,
which want lower food prices, and
the farmers, who want to know
what the Government's future pol
icy is to be on agricultural price
supports.
‘ Runs Well” in Connecticut.
Information reached Gov. Dewey
today that a private poll taken re
cently In four industrial cities in
Connecticut show him "running
well.” The cities were Hartford.
Bridgeport, Waterbury and New
Haven.
The news was brought to Albany
by Gov. James C. Shannon, who was
renominated in party convention in
Connecticut yesterday, to oppose
Chester A. Bowles in the guberna
torial race. Asked if Gov. Dewey
would carrv Connecticut, Gov. Shan-1
non replied:
"Yes, sir, and by a substantial
majority. We realize we have a
good deal of work to do and will
do it."
The last time Connecticut gave
its electoral votes to a Republican
President was in 1932. Govs. Shan
non and Dewey exchanged ideas on
what their respective States are do
ing to meet the housing shortage.
Enroll Now for Clatses Forming in
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bUml HEARING |
PVT. EARL JOHNSON
Injured in Crash.
Police Van
(Continued From First Pagp.i
the truck sufficiently to remove the
body of the policeman.
Crash Attracts Attention.
“It was horrible," Mr. Maddon de
clared. “Pvt. Donoghue apparently
had been crushed to death instantly
and Pvt. Johnson was seriously in
jured Men were screaming and
yelling inside the locked part of the
van. The caps and guns cf the
policemen were lying near them on
the street."
Nick Cavas. 54. of 645 Ingraham
street N.W.. proprietor of a stand
at the nearby Center City Market,
and Claude Johnspn. 36. of 7019 F
street N.E., an employe of the
Nichols Meat Processing Co. at Sixth
and K streets N.W.. told police they
heard the crash and turned in time
to see Mr. Hartin’s car spin around
and hit the van a second time.
Pvt. Donoghue. a native of Ireland
who joined the force September 10.
1919. was a brother of Lt. Daniel F.
Donoghue of the 10th precinct. He
is survived by his widow. Mrs*
Catherine Donoghue. and two sons,
Patrick Francis Donoghue. who is
studying for the priesthood at Mary
knoll Seminary' in New York State,
and Joseph, 16. a student at St.
Charles preparatory seminary in
Baltimore.
He was well knowm at all pre
cinct stations and the court for the
last seven years being generally in
charge of the van. He served pre
viously at seventh and tenth pre
cincts and was transferred to ad
ministrative headquarters in July,
1947. with the designation as "clB
cial rider" with the van.
Pvt Johnson was appointed to the
force October 1. 1933. He was at
the second precinct until June. 1947,
when he was assigned as a van
driver.
Anne Arundel Units Back
Michaelson for Judge
By ths Associated Press
ANNAPOLTS. Set. 15—The Ann#
Aranday County Bar Association has
unanimously recommended Benja
min Michaelson for appointment as
circuit judge.
The Anne Arundel County Com
missioners also indorsed Mr. Mich
aelson. who tias been the commis
sioners- counsel for 19 years.
Gov. Lane has asked the State
and County Bar Associations to
rpcommenri a successor to Judge
Marvin I Anderson as associate
judge of the 5ih judicial circuit,
sitting at Annaolis. Judge Ander
son’s resignation becomes erectiva
October 1.
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