Evening star. [volume], March 13, 1951, Page A-6, Image 6

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Senate Groups Near
Final Decision on
Troops Controversy
By J. A. O'Leary
Two Senate committees mas
take final action today on the
troops-for-Europe issue and clear
the way for floor debate starting
Thursday.
The only question remaining
when the Foreign Relations and
Armed Services Committees met
jointly this morning was s
proposal by Senator Smith, Re
publican, of New Jersey to make
it clear in the pending resolutions
that the Senate indorses Presi
dent Truman’s decision to send
four American divisions to Europe
now, but wants Congress to have
a chance to pass on any future
commitments.
Republicans and Democrats ap
pear to be in agreement now
in support of sending Gen
Eisenhower four American di
visions, but they are still
at odds over whether the
President, as Commander in
Chief, should have to wait foi
congressional action before send
ing any more, if the world situa
tion made it advisable. Admin
istration spokesmen think it would
be adequate to have him consult
appropriate congressional com
mittees. Some Republicans want
to require specific congressional
action before any additional divi
sions could be sent.
Those who want Congress to
have a voice in any future com
mitments are citing in support of
their position testimony- Gen.
Eisenhower gave on February 1,
before he returned to Europe.
After pointing out that he w’ould
make intermittent reports which
would be available to Congress,
the general said:
“I do think that the Congress
of the United States ought to see
a respectable, reasonable approach
(to the problem) and the second
they see anything to be. let’s say
cock-eyed or crazy, to get into the
thing with both feet.”
He also said that if there is any
“morale failure” and Europe fails
to put up its fair share of the de
fense, “then, I, in all justice even
to myself, have no recourse but
to come and report to the Ameri
can Government what I believe.”
Gen. Eisenhower’s February 1
i testimony was in closed session,
but became available here yester
day.
Butler
(Continued From First Page.)
sands of words that had already
been spoken and written about
the Tydings whitewash.”
Mr. Smith said he had never
worked on a picture desk or laid
out a picture page and for this
reason sought the advice of Mr.
Tankersley.
"The pictures I had of Browder
testifying before Tydings were
shot from an angle which showed
one whole end of the committee
room. It was instantly apparent
that it was too big a picture to
put in the small remaining space.
It could not be reduced to show
anything.” Mi-. Smith continued.
“I first suggested that some of
the picture be cropped. But Tank
ersley said that wouldn’t work. I
then suggested we use two one
column cuts of Browder and Tyd
ings but I was told that would
throw the page off balance.”
"Finally Mr. Tankersley came
up with the composite idea. We
got out pictures showing Browder
talking and Tydings listening.
The composite was designed to
show that and that alone. It was
not a fake. It was not a fraud.
It was not proposed to deceive
any one. It was plainly, marked
‘composite.’
“A casual look at the picture
as it was printed will show a
white line down the middle clearly
Indicating it was two pictures,”
Mr. Smith explained. “The juxta
position of the two men clearly
shows it was to be two different
poses.”
Purpose Explained.
The copies of the tabloid dis
tributed to the investigators by
Mr. Tydings show, however, that
the “white line” described by Mr.
Smith is a very thin one and if
the photograph had been divided
at the point indicated it would
have cut off part of the hand
which Mr. Browder is holding to
his chin.
Under questioning by Commit
tee Counsel Edward A. McDer
mott, Mr. Smith explained, “We
wanted to show Browder talking
and Mr. Tydings listening and
there they were.”
“Yes, there they were.” Mr. Mc
Dermott said, “but you put them
together. Who wrote the copy
under the photographs?”
Mr. Smith replied he believed
this was written by William
Flythe, a member of the Times
Herald staff.
Mr. Smith told the Senators Mr.
Tydings was mistaken when he
charged that Senator Butler hired
the witness to reward him for his
work on the tabloid.
The witness said Mr. Butler ap
parently knew nothing of his work
on the circular until after he was
engaged at $10,000 a year as Mr.
Butler’s administrative assistant.
Mr. Smith explained he was on
leave of absence from his news
paper and that the maximum time
of his service with Mr. Butler was
“set from the first at one year.”
Discussed Successor.
“We even discussed a successor
for me during the first month I
worked for him.” Mr. Smith con
tinued. He added, “I have al
ready talked to three people who
have been suggested to take over
the job.”
The witness explained that “I
strongly doubt that when the taxes
are deducted and exoenses figured,
my income for 1951 will be very
much higher than it was in 1950.
“Therefore, I submit to the
committee that by using half
truths, innuendo and implications,
ex-Senator Tydings knowingly has
painted a picture of my participa
tion in the Maryland election
campaign which deliberately dis
regards the facts.”
The witness then took up the
tabloid contents, item by item and
WAITS TO TESTIFY—Mrs. Ruth McCormick Miller, editor of
the Times-Herald, talks with Senator Butler as she awaits her
turn to testify before Senate probers on her paper's part in the
campaign in which Senator Butler defeated Millard F. Tydings.
I explained the source of the mate
rial.
Rewrite of Newspapers.
The story headed, “Tydings
Sponsored Lattimore Lecture on
Soviet Russia" was a rewrite of a
story that appeared in the news
papers last year. Mr. Smith was
referring to Owen Lattimore. a
witness at the Tydings investiga
tion. The witness said the news
paper material wras based on a
radio program entitled, “Four
Off-the-Record Evenings on Rus
sia” held at Wardman Park Ho
tel in February, March and April
of 1948.
“Mr. and Mrs. Tydings’ names
I appear on the program as patron
and patroness,” Mr. Smith said,
“along with Mr. and Mrs. Alger
Hiss. Hiss was chairman of the
April 7 meeting,” Mr. Smith said.
The tabloid said Mr. Tydings,
as chairman of the Armed Serv
ices Committee, was partially re
sponsible for inadequate financ
ing of American troops in Korea
He said that this story was a
direct quotation from a speech
made in the Senate by Senator
McCarthy.
“The lead story on Page 1,
headed ‘Senator Tydings prom
ised Probe but Gave Whitewash
Instead,’" Mr. Smith said, “is a
chronological story of the Tydings
investigation of the McCarthy
charges.”
As to a story headed, “Tydings
Committee Blamed for High
Korean Casualties,” Mr. Smith
said the source was a number of
statements made publicly on this
subject.
Copies of Columns Offered.
“Particularly the points re
counted were carried in columns
written by David Law'rence and
published in The Washington
Star,’’ Mr. Smith said. He of
fered copies of the columns and
other printed material in evidence
on this point.
The witness was asked if he
ever worked in a campaign be
fore. He replied that he had
not, although he had spent 15
years in the congressional press
galleries. Mr. Smith said he
agreed to go to w'ork for Mr.
Butler about a week after the
Maryland election of November 7.
“When you supervised the prep
aration of the tabloid copy, were
you employed by the Times
Herald as the chief editorial
writer,” Mr. McDermott asked.
Mr. Smith replied in the affirma
tive. He could not recall the ex
act date he first discussed the
circular with Mrs. Miller.
“What type of material were
iyou instructed to gather?”
"Mrs. Miller said wTe w;ere to
i publish a circular on Tydings
concerning his whitewash of the
McCarthy charges,” Mr. Smith
replied.
“Did you ask Mrs. Miller for
whom the work w>as to be done?”
“No.”
“How much of the material
came from the office of Senator
McCarthy?” Mr. McDermott
asked.
“A great deal. He had more
material than ar/ body else I
knew.”
Miss Kerr to Testify.
Mr. Smith said he had talked
over the publication with Senator
McCarthy and a member of his
staff, Miss Jean Kerr. Miss Kerr,
who suffered a broken hip re
cently, is expected to testify after
she recovers sufficiently.
Mr. Jonkel previously testified
that Miss Kerr did much of the
research work in connection with
preparing the material for the
tabloid.
The witness said that Mr. Jon
kel went over some of the material
in Baltimore and later at the
Times-Herald office here.
“Who wrote the stories?” Mr.
Smith was asked.
“Much of the material was a
direct lift,” Mr. Smith replied. “I
selected the material mystelf.”
In response to questions, Mr.
Smith said the material came from
several newspapers including the
Chicago Tribune and the Times
Herald. A considerable amount
came from the latter’s files.
' Rewrote Same Material.
The witness said he rewrote
some of the material and other
stories were direct quotes lifted
from such sources as the Congres
sional Record.
Mr. Smith said he ordered many
of the photographs from the
Times-Herald library. He added,
however, that the library often
sent out for pictures not in its
files.
‘Did the Tydings and Browder
photographs come from the Times
Herald library?” Mr. Smith asked.
“I asked them for the pictures
but they may have gotten them
from the outside.”
"Did you approve the composite
photograph?”
“I don’t recall,” the witness re
plied,” that was an operation
I
which Mr. Tankersley took over.”!
Mr. Smith said that after the;
page proofs were ready the mate
rial was reviewed by Attorney!
Perry Patterson, who represented
the Times Herald. Mr. Patterson
previously had testified that he
approved the proofs and did not
feel they contained libelous mat
ter.
He expressed the opinion that
the responsibility of the Times
Herald ended when the tabloids
were delivered on the loading
platform here. The attorney also
gave the view that comments on
a political candidate enjoy a
wider latitude under the historic
interpretations of the libel lav.w
Mr. Tankersley followed Mr.
Smith to the stand. He was asked
if he ordered the art department
to prepare the composite.
"Yes,” Mr. Tankersley replied,!
“I told them how I wanted it and
they did it.”
"It was your intention to show
the two men in close conversa
tion?” Mr. Tankersley was asked.
Wanted Clear Picture.
‘‘Yes. I wanted a clear picture.
I specified, however, it must carry
the explanation that it was a com
posite picture.”
“Just what did you want to
convey?”
“It’s no secret. We wanted
Tydings to get out of the Senate.
We felt Butler would be better and
I didn’t discuss it with any one!
else.”
The witness said they were j
trying to connect Tydings up and
"wanted to show that Tydings did j
treat Browder writh kid gloves.”
Senator Smith, Republican, of
Maine asked, "Was it to 'link
Tydings with communism?”
“No,” Mr. Tankersley replied,1
“not anymore than he has beer/
linked in his protection of w'hat
some Deonle call ‘Commips ‘ ” i
Sees No Misleading Aims.
Chairman Monroney asked,
“Would you like to have a com
posite picture of you printed with
a well-known Communist?”
‘T've had some intimate con
versations with Communists,” Mr.
Tankersley replied. “People know
me. I’m willing to stand on my
record.”
“You mean you see nothing
wrong with a composite picture? j
No misleading intent?” Senator
Monroney asked.
“No,” Mr. Tankersley replied, j
Mr. Tankersley explained he
was trying to get photographs of
Browder and Mr. Tidings to illus
trate a cutline in which Mr. Ty
dings was saying to Browder, “Oh,
thank you, sir," upon completion
of Browder’s testimony.
“In discussing the layout with
Mr. Smith,” Mr. Tankersley, “I;
told him I ‘wanted him to dress it
up a little’—wanted him to get anj
illustration for that ‘Oh, thank J
you, sir’.”
Too Spread Apart.
Mr. Tankersley explained that
there was little space in the tab
loid and many pictures they had
in the files were “too spread apart’’
for their purpose.
“You wanted to get the two
men as close together as pos
sible?” asked Mr. McDermott.
“Yes,” Mr. Tankersley replied.
The third witness at the morn
ing session was Robert Thurston,
chief accountant of the Times
Herald, who described the pro
cedure in arriving at the cost of
the tabloid. He said the young
Democrats for Butler were billed
for $1,440 for the printing job on
instructions from Jeff Morgan,
Mrs. Miller’s assistant.
The tabloid came out with the
names of the Young Democrats
appearing as sponsor. An officer
of the committee previously testi
fied that he had authorized the
sponsorship.
There was other testimony that:
the Young Democrats had virtu
ally nothing to do with preparing
the copy and some of the officers
did not see the material until
after it was printed. The Butler
campaign headquarters paid the
printing bill and at least part of
the cost of distribution, according;
to witnesses.
Mr. Smith had been asked if
FRANK Smith, former chief
editorial writer for the paper
and now Senator Butler’s ad
ministrative assistant, reads a
prepared statement as the in
vestigation was resumed this
morning.
—Star Staff and AP Photos.
GARVIN E. TANKERSLEY.
Tells how composite photo
came about.
ROBERT THURSTON.
Describes the financial aspects
of the tabloid.
he had any connection with the
Young Democrats while prepar
ing the tabloid. He replied:
“Once—the morning we made up
the tabloid.”
The witness explained that
William F. Peterson of Baltimore,
described as an officer of the com
mittee, came to the Times-Herald
office to look over the page proofs.
He added, however, that Mr. Pet
erson did not see the proof of the
composite photograph or the cap
tion material.
Senator McCarthy yesterday ad
fised the subcommittee he would
be glad to appear to answer any
questions, although he was not
seeking an opportunity to appear.
Senator McCarthy made the
statement in reply to a letter
from the subcommittee offering
him an opportunity to take the
stand.
Czech Diplomat in Bern
Asks for Asylum
By th« Associated Press
BERN, Switzerland, Mar. 13.—
Jiri Brotan, first secretary of the
Czechoslovak Legation in Switzer
land, announced today that he
had asked the Swiss government
for asylum.
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U. S. Second Largest Producer
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By Thomas R. Henry
The United State* now is tho
second largest producer of urani
um in the world.
During the past year * the
amounts of this element, basis of
the atomic bomb and all pro
jected development of atomic
energy, obtained from the great
carnotite-bearing region of the
Colorado Plateau has exceeded
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posits of Great Bear Lake in
Northern Canada.
The pitchblende area of the
Belgian Congo still remains by
far the richest on earth.
The American area covers more
than 1.000 square miles in Colo
rado, Nevada, Utah and New
Mexico. It has been exploited to
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since uranium first was isolated
from the pitchblende of the
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so far as known, the only Russian
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This was announced at a press
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Richer Than Bohemian Deposits.
Carnotite ordinarily would not
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! the Belgian Congo deposits. It is,
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Allegedly the Joachimsthal de
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labor force of from a quarter to
half a million virtual slave work
ers. But this, it was explained,
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any great amounts are being ob
tained.
Actually, it was explained, when
the American deposits were first
found they were so much richer
than the Bohemian mines that
the latter were nearly driven out
of the world market and there
was essentially an American mo
nopoly until the extremely rich
Belgian Congo deposits were
found.
Until the atomic bomb, how
ever, the uses for uranium were
very small and all deposits were
mined chiefly for the extremely
small amounts of radium they
contained. Radium is a break
down product of uranium.
The commission indicated that
its new plant in South Carolina is
designed to produce materials for
‘‘either A or H bombs.”
New Tests Hinted.
New tests with atomic weapons
far out at sea or dropped from
airplanes at places other than the
testing sites used up to now may
be in prospect.
In aditlon to Enlwetok and the
range near Las Vegas, Nev., post
war tests of atomic bombs have
been made at Bikini Atoll in the
Pacific.
Several avenues were left open
to speculation, including:
1. A deep-water explosion of A
bomb for mine effect. Such an
experiment was being made ready
as the third of the Bikini series
(the first bomb was an airburst,
the second a shallow water shot in
a lagoon against target ships)
w'hen it was canceled.
2. A test against underground
installations, like those con
structed for explosion test pur
poses by Army engineers at or
near the Dugway, Utah, proving
grounds
3. Trials of atomic weapons un
der climatic or weather conditions
other than those in which A
bombs have been exploded up to
now.
Appointment of Dr. John C.
Bugher as deputy director of the
commission’s Division of Biology
and Medicine was announced
today.
Since 1938 Dr. Bugher has been
on the staff of the Rockefeller
Foundation’s International Health
Division, spending much of his
time on the control of yellow fever
in South America and Africa.
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