Evening star. [volume], April 12, 1951, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Lote New York Markets, Poqe B-11 _ _An Associated Press Newspaper
99th Year. No. 102. Phone ST. 5000 **WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 12, 1951-EIGHTY PAGES.5 CENTS
MacArthur May Fly Back toll.S.
Next Week, Martin Says, While
Truman Foes Hit Policy Speech
Republicans Vow
To Bring General
. Before Congress
Gen. MacArthur may fly back
to the United States next week
to present his views to Congress.
House Republican Leader Martin
said today.
Mr. Martin made the announce
ment after a morning meeting of
Widely Different Opinions Expressed in
United States Newspapers. Page A-5
Today's Instalment of "Riddle of Mac
Arthur" Describes Character. Page A-4
House Republican Policy Com
mittee.
Original plans, Mr. Martin said,
were for Gen. MacArthur to re
turn by boat. In that case it
would be at least three weeks be
fore he could arrive here.
Mr. Martin said he had heard
from a reliable source—and not
from Gen. MacArthur himself—
that the General might fly back
here next week. Mr. Martin did
not disclose the source.
At a news conference shortly
after noon, the Republican leader
also said he would go before the
House Rules Committee tomorrow
to urge approval of a resolution
inviting Gen. MacArthur to ad
dress a joint session of Congress.
No Opposition Expected.
Mr. Martin said he did not ex
pect any opposition on the House
floor to having Gen. MacArthur
appear, and remarked:
“Even a Democrat might want
tome knowledge."
Several Republicans said they
wanted to speed the General s re
turn because public sentiment
seemed to be with him now.
“It could cool off if we waited
three weeks," one Republican re
marked.
In the event the Democrats op
pose and block the move, one
Republican said they are consid
ering the renting of "the biggest
hall we could hire” for a iparty
conference to which. every one
wnnlH hp
Senate Attitude Uncertain.
Meanwhile, the House Republi
can Policy Committee adopted a
resolution suggesting that the fir
ing of Gen. MacArthur may pave
the way for a “super-Munich”
peace settlement by the “Truman
Acheson-Marshall triumvirate.”
Mr. Martin said that he did
not know what the Senate atti
tude would be. A fight over the
move loomed there and one Dem
ocratic Senator—Kerr of Okla
homa—said he would do all he
could to block it. Senator Kerr
said he thought Congress should
obtain Gen. MacArthur’s views,
but in a manner—before commit
tees—that the Far Eastern com
mander could be questioned and
examined on the controversial
events leading up to his dismissal.
With President Truman’s radio
and television broadcast last night
defending his action only feeding
the flames of their wrath, the Re
publican leaders said they would
find some means to have Gen.
MacArthur present his views to
Congress and the world.
Wherry Presses for Action.
Senate Minority Leader Wherry
said he would continue to press
for action on a resolution he in
troduced yesterday.
Consideration of the resolution
was blockell in the Senate yester
day by Majority Leader McFar
land. Senator Wherry acknowl
edged that the parliamentary sit
uation practically ruled out any
possibility of getting any action
on it today.
The Republicans centered on
getting Gen. MacArthur here after
a furious round of conferences
yesterday during which there was
in the heat of the feelings and
(Continued on Page A-3, Col. 1.1
Move by MacArthur
To Resign Is Denied
By the Associated Press
The White House said today
President Truman had no intima
tion of any kind of any plan oi
Gen. MacArthur to resign prior tc
his removal.
This was the reply by Presiden
tial Secretary Joseph H. Short
who was asked about a broadcast
report. Mr. Short was told the
report was to the effect that Gen
MacArthur had communicated his
intentions to resign to Secretary
of the Army Pace in Tokyo and
that Mr. Pace had relayed the in
formation to the President.
Mr. Short told a news confer
ence Mr. Truman had no intima
tion of any kind along that line
and added, “the President had no
such message from Secretary
Pace.”
Mr. Short wouldn’t comment on
questions as to when the President
finally decided on Gen. MacAr
thur's removal.
Nor would he discuss Republi
can proposals for impeachments
and for bringing Gen. MacArthur
before a joint meeting of Con
gress.
He withheld comment also on
an assertion by a MacArthur
spokesman that the general had
meticulously followed all direc
tives cm foreign policy statements
i
White House Decision Forced
By General's Letter to Martin
Truman Delayed Final Move Until After
Long Conferences With All Advisers
President Makes
Strong Bid for
Public Support
By Cecil Holland
A forthright bid by President
Truman for support in his dis
missal of Gen. MacArthur from
his. Pacific commands was before
the American people today.
Less than 24 hours after issuing
the orders relieving Gen. Mac
Text of Truman Address on MacArthur
and Far East Policy. Page A-18
Messages Pour Into White House; Most
Protest MacArthur Ouster. Page A-3
Arthur, Mr. Truman went on;
radio and television last night to
justify his drastic actions. He!
emphasized it was a necessary:
step in this country's efforts to
avoid a third world war.
Mr. Truman said it was the
purpose of the United States to
keep the fighting in Korea from
spreading into another all-out
war, and added:
“A number of events have made
it evident that Gen. MacArthur
did not agree with that policy. I
have therefore considered it es
sential to relieve Gen. MacArthur
so that there would be no doubt or
confusion as to the real purpose
and aim of our policy.”
Mr. Truman laid down three
conditions for a peaceful settle
ment in Korea when the Commu
nists are willing to negotiate.
These were:
1. Fighting must stop.
2. Concrete steps must be taken
to insure that fighting will not
break out again.
3. There must be an end to
the aggression.
Flatly Rejects Proposals.
The President flatly and in
forceful language rejected the sug
gestion of Gen. MacArthur and
others that the United Nations
forces fighting in Korea should
bomb Manchuria and China and
should support Chinese National-:
ists in invading the mainland of
China.
"If we were to do Ujiese things,”
Mr. Truman declared solemnly,
”we would be running a very grave
risk of starting a general war.!
If that were to happen, we would:
have brought about the exact
situation we are trying to pre
vent."
Mr. Truman said such a course
would entangle the United States
“in a vast conflict on the con-j
tinent of Asia.” This, he added,:
would make immeasurably difficult j
the task of opposing the threat of
communism throughout the world.!
The President’s statement with
respect to bombing emphasized
anew the administration’s deter
mination to keep United Nations
aircraft away from Manchuria
and China at this stage of the
fighting lest attacks on Red sup
ply bases touch off a general
war.
But the President left open—as
he has done previously—what this:
country would do if the Commu-;
nists launched an all-out air at
tack on the U. N. forces fighting
in Korea. Military men have said
such a development necessarily
iwould bring quick and mammoth
| retaliatory attacks on Red bases
no matter where they were.
Mr. Truman was solemn and
unsmiling as he faced the micro
(See TRUMAN. Page A-3.)
Truman Won't Hold
Weekly Conference
With Press Today
By the Associated Press
President Truman will omit
his weekly news conference
today.
Announcing this yesterday,
the White House gave no ex
planation. But it may be
that the President wished to
let his speech last night on
Par Eastern policies stand as
his comment on the replace
ment of Gen. Mac Arthur.
By John M. Hightower
Associated Press Staff Writer
President Truman personally
concluded that Gen. MacArthur
had to go as soon as he saw a
copy of Gen. MacArthur’s letter
I to House Republican Leader Mar
tin.
That was last Thursday after
noon. Mr. Truman’s conclusion
Doris Fleeson's Account of Events Leading
to Ouster. Page A-23
did not become an official de
cision, however, until several days
later—after the President had
consulted his most trusted ad
visers m his own official family
and in Congress.
These and the related events
and decisions were told to this
reporter by supporters of Mr. Tru
man, close enough to see the whole
picture emerge. Their account,
which of course reflects adminis
tration thinking, follows:
Mr. Truman first learned of the
MacArthur letter to Mr. Martin
when an aide carried a news
ticker account of it into the
Chief Executive’s oval office and
laid it on the President’s desk.
The letter was a direct chal
lenge of presidential policies on
two points—use of Chinese Na
tionalist troops and the relative
importance of Asia in the con
flict with Communism.
There had been a long buildup
of MacArthur incidents before
that and Mr. Truman had become
increasingly annoyed. His hope
that the general would shut up
had given way to irritated wonder
at what he would say next.
The President and his closest
advisers fell the general did not
intend to comply with various
orders that he stop what the ad
ministration considered political
talk. Instead, he seemed to be
seeking opportunities to assert his
independence of administration
policy.
In short, in the President’*
view, Gen. MacArthur had not
been playing on the team.
Gen. MacArthur was pushing his
polity line so hard—advocating
expansion of the war beyond Ko
rea—that the President wondered
whether Gen. MacArthur'wanted
to come home in a blaze of con
troversy, martyred by his dismis
sal. America’s Allies in the Korean
^Continued on Page A-12, Col. 3.)
Reds Lose Five Planes
In Two Roaring Fights
Over Northwest Korea
152 Craft Clash in Biggest
Jet Battle in History;
All American Return
ly th« Astociated Prill
TOKYO, April 12.—American
warplanes shot down 5 enemy
jets, probably destroyed 2 more
and damaged 15 today In two
roaring air fights over Northwest
Korea.
All American planes came safely
out of the battles.
One of the thunderous dashes
was the biggest jet fight in history.
It involved 152 jet planes—80
Russian-made MIG-15s «td 72
American F-86s and F-84s—and
aboaut 49 B-29 medium bombers.
On the ground, two Chinese di
visions pulled back suddenly and
mysteriously on the central front,
American troops pushed cautiously
National Guard "Long Toms" Go Intc
Action in Korea. Page A-23
ahead in their wake against no
opposition. Staff officers said they
were puzzled by the enemy with
drawal.
Crossing Bitterly Opposed.
The two Red Divisions yesterday
bitterly oposed Allied crossings of
the Hantan River south of Chor
won. They fought from the crag
gy hills north of the river. But
they broke contact last night.
South Korean troops on the east
coast stabbed 26 miles into North
Korea in the deepest North Ko
rean penetration of the current
United Nations drive.
In history’s biggest jet battle
the 80 MIGS swooshed out of Rec
Manchuria against 72 Americar
jets flying cover for 30 to 40 B-21
Superforts. The B-29s droppec
300 tons of bombs on the vita
railroad bridge across the Yali
River between Antung, Manchuria
and Sinuiju. Korea.
me American jets snot dowr
two MIGs. probably destroyed tw<
others and damaged *13. A B-2!
gunner brought down a third Rec
jet. B-29s also damaged anothei
Red jet. Two B-29s were dam;
aged, but landed safely in Korea!
The others returned to their Jap
anese or Okinawa bases.
Battle in “MIG Alley.”
The second air battle flaret
later today in the center of “MIC
Alley” between Sinuiju and Sinan
ju. In this action 15 Communis
jets attacked 12 American Sabrt
jets.
The Sabres shot down two Ret
|jets and probably destroyed an
other. The fight raged for 1!
minutes from 34,000 down to 4,00(
feet altitude.
Heavy fighting also swirled neai
Yanggu on the southeastern edgt
of the great Hwachon reservoir
Tight censorship obscured the de
tails.
South Korean troops on the easl
coast swept northward to the towr
of Kansong, 26 miles inside Rec
Korea. It was the deepest pene
tration in the current Allied of
fensive.
Bulletin
Draft Segregation Plan Losei
The House tentatively
knocked from Us draft bill today
a provision to allow white
youths to request assignment to
military units not containing
Negroes. The vote was 178
to 126.
(Earlier Story on Fago B-4.)
Yoshida Assures U. S.
Of Co-operafion and
Praises MacArthur
General's Benefactions
Will Live Forever in
Hearts of People, He Says
Vy Int Aisotiattd Pren
TOKYO, April 12.—Prime Min
ister Shigeru Yoshida said today
the Japanese government has as
sured the United States of its
“determination to continue more
than ever" its co-operation under
Lt. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, the
new supreme commanded of the
occupation.
At the some tfme. Mr. Yoshida
paid tribute to Gen. MacArthur
Gen. Whitney Denies MacArthur Violated
Any Truman Order. Page A-6
Firing of MacArthur Acclaimed by Both
Sides in Europe. Poge A-ll
and said “the memory of his bene
factions will live forever in the
hearts of the Japanese people."
Three major Japanese polit
ical parties agreed to join in a
resolution of thanks to Gen. Mac
Arthur.
Proposed by Liberals.
Prime Minister Yoshida’s Liberal
Party proposed the resolution and
I the Democrats and Socialists said
they would join.
The Japanese Communist Party
said Gen. MacArthur’s replace
ment occurred “because of in
| tensified contradiction and conflict
among the imperialist nations.”
Mr. Yoshida said his govern
ment was notified yesterday “that
!the retirement of Gen. MacArthur
jin no way denotes or implies any
change whatsoever in the con
sistent United States policy toward
Japan or the Par East.”
He said the United States as
sured the Japanese that the re
moval ot Gen. MacArthur will not
“affect the United States deter
mination to press forward with its
efforts to conclude a treaty of
, peace as soon as possible on the
basis already discussed with Jap
. anese leaders.”
Assurances Given.
Mr. Yoshida said the government
replied immediately to the mes
sage, which also asked for the
same “high degree of co-opera
I tion” with Gen. Ridgway as with
■ Gen. MacArthur. He said the
Japanese reply “gave assurance of
our determination to continue
more than ever our co-operation
i (See TOKYO, Page A-3.)
MacArthur Has Choice of Jobs,
From Lecturing to Acting
Gen. MacArthur, if he steps into
civilian clothes, need have no
worries about his earning power.
Before the deposed Far Eastern
commander had a chance to make
known any of his future plans,
these offers—ranging from a lec
ture tour to an acting job—have
been held out:
1. Gridley Adams, head of the
United States Flag Foundation, a
patriotic organization to foster
proper use of the flag, said he has
offered the general $1 million for
a nationwide lecture tour to build
up the soldier as a Republican
presidential candidate.
2. If he should resign his five
star commission, the North Amer
ican Newspaper Alliance reported,
he has a standing offer of f 1 mil
lion for the publication and syn
dication of his memoirs.
3. James Rand, head of Rem
ington Rand, Inc., also has offered
him an executive post with his
company - at a six-digit annual
salary, NANA reported.
4. A Hollywood producer offered
a $3,000-a-week acting job to play
the lead in “The Square Needle,”
a stage play which concerns a
World War II ofljper whose op
erations were hampered by policy
directives from Washington.
5. The Auditorium Activities
Committee offered $10,000 and
expenses if Gen. MacArthur would
make his first public appearance
in Sioux City, Iowa.
Even if Gen. MacArthur decides
to do nothing, he is entitled to a
$15,000 tax-free annual salary for
life, plus $3,700 In yearly expenses.
I
par eastern I
COMMAND ’
'
■ »1
rpW' ' '
THE BOSS
COULDN'T
I AFFORD To
[ KEEP HIM*
—CS»
President Offers to 'Help'
Senator Tobey Impeach Him
Legislator, Who Hasn't Joined in Move,
Tells of Phone Talk With Truman
By Edward Harris
A Washington Correspondent of
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Amidst loud partisan demands
for the impeachment of President
Truman, it was learned today
that the President himself, in a
fit of pique, telephoned one Sen
ator and sarcastically offered to
"help” if the Senator wanted to
start impeachment proceedings
against him.
The episode took place late
Tuesday afternoon, hours before
—
G. 0. P. "Impeachment" Outcries Abate
in Light of Realities. Page A-4
Andrew Johnson Was Only President Im
peached—and He Won. Page A-22
tru—Li-.L.r-ej—^ru-vruor-uru j
newsmen were summoned to a
post-midnight c inference, where
it was announced that Gen. Mac
Arthur had been fired.
That world-shaking announce
ment has led to calls for the
Presidents impeachment, voiced!
for the most part by his most
rock-ribbed political foes. Those
who know the President best do
not believe he is personally con
cerned over these cries for his
scalp.
But Missouri's first President,
who is prone to outspoken run
ning feuds when some one he likes
appears to turn against him.
showed sensitive concern when he
heard that Republican Senator!
Charles W. Tobey of New Hamp
shire had mentioned “impeach
ment” and “Truman” in the same
breath.
What happened was this:
As Senator Tobey related in de
tail yesterday on the Senate floor,
he had appeared last Monday be
(See TOBEY, Page A-12.)
1). S. Loses in Fight
On Decision Clearing
Miners of Contempt
Court of Appeals Refuses
To Act in Case Involving
1950 Contract Strike
By the Associated Press
The United States Circuit Court
of Appeals today dismissed the
Government’s appeal from a Dis
trict Court decision which had
cleared John L. Lewis’ United
Mine Workers of contempt of
court in their 1950 contract strike.
The Appeals Court split, 2-1, in
holding the case was moot, that
is, no longer an issue.
The effect of today's decision isi
to allow Judge Keech’s action to
stand.
The 18-page opinion dealt only
with the issue of civil contempt,
since under American safeguards
against double jeopardy, the Gov
ernment cannot appeal an acquit
tal in a criminal case.
Decision Written by Stephens.
Chief Judge Harold M. Stephens
wrote the decision in which As
sociate Judge Charles Fahy dis
sented. Associate Judge E. Bar
rett Prettyman concurred in Chief
Judge Stephenes’ views.
In finding the contempt ques
tion moot, the court declined to
act on the merits of the appeal
which stemmed from a ruling of
District Court Judge Richmond B.
Keech absolving the union of both
civil and criminal contempt. The
Justice Department charged the
union's alleged refusal to comply
with a temporary court order to
restrain the strike was con
temptuous.
The lower court’s decision, by
(See UMW, Page A-20.)
U.S. Casualties Now Total
$9,306; Up 846 in Week
By the Associated Press
Announced American casualties
in Korea reached 59,306 today, an
increase of 846 since last week.
The total includes 8,941 killed
in action. 39,500 wounded and
10,865 missing. It represents
casualties whose next of kin were
notified through midnight last
Friday.
Of the wounded, 1,040, subse
quently died and 99 of the missing
are known dead, raising the total
combat death figure to 10,080.
The figure op missing alpo in
cludes 1,109 who have since re
turned *to American control and
113 known to be prisoners of war,
leaving 9,544 currently missing.
The Army reported 49,463 total
casualties, an increase of 790 over
the previous week. The Navy
total reached 634, only one more
than previously reported. The
Marine Corps listed 32 additional
casualties, making a current total
of 8,826. Air Force casualties in
creased 23 during the week, reach
ing a total of 473.
Steel Firm Got Loans
As Well as Tax Benefit,
Capehart Charges
Patman Defends Company,
Says Stockholders Are
Putting Up $9 Million
By Francis P. Douglas
Senator Capehart, Republican,
of Indiana, asserted today that the
Government has granted tax bene
fits to a Texas steel company for
a $73.5 million expansion pro
gram and then loaned the com
pany money for the expansion.
His statement, which touched!
off a spirited debate with Repre
sentative Patman, Democrat, of
Texas, was made at a hearing be
fore the Joint Committee on De
fense Production.
Both Senator Capehart and Rep
ersentative Patman are members
of the committee.
The incident arose during testi
mony by William H. Harrison,
head of the Defense Production
Administration. Mr. Harrison dis
closed plans to ask authority for
the Government to build plants
where necessary to get production
in the defense emergency.
Certificate of Necessity.
The authority would be request
ed in provisions of the Defense
Production Act which expires June
30. Mr. Harrison gave as an ex
ample of a plant to be built one
manufacturing guided missiles, a
plant which might have no post
emergency use. The Texas steel
plant brought up by Senator Cape
hart is thft Lone Star Steel Co. of
Dallas.
me senator sam it naa re
ceived a certificate of necessity en
abling it to write off 85 per cent
of the $73.5 million expansion
costs in five years. Such a write
off. instead of taking 20 years to
depreciate costs, reduces a com
pany's taxes in a period of high
tax rates.
Senator Capehart also brought
out that the Reconstruction Fi
nance Corp. had made a loan of
$15 million to the company and
that it had received an additional
loan of $23.5 million through the
National Production Authority.
Patman Backs Company.
“It never was the intent of Con
gress that a company was to re
ceive both oertiflcates of necessity
for tax amortization and loans of
the money for expansion,” he said.
• He declared he merely was
using this company as an example.
Mr. Patman broke in and said
it was “a bad example,” and that
(See TAX BENEFITS, Page A-20.)
Eisenhower Ends Reich Tour
AUGSBURG, Germany. April 12
(#’).—Gen. Eisenhower finished a
four-day inspection of Allied
forces in West Germany today and
said his next fiel<r tour as Atlantic
pact commander will be “to the
north and Italy."
A
Screen Writer Names
S'
Budd Schulberg as
Ex-Hollywood Red
Collins Tells of Own
Membership in Party,
Lists Novelist, Others
By L. Edgar Prina
Screen Writer Richard J. Collins!
today admitted he had been a;
Communist for 10 years and
named several other top film!
writers as members of the same!
Red group to which he had. be-!
longed in Hollywood.
He told the House Committee on
Un-American Activities that Budd
Schulberg, Albert Malta, Ring
Lardner, jr„ and John Howard
Lawson all had Been fallow mem
bers of the Communist Party in
the early 1940s.
Schulberg hit the top of the
best-seller list last fall with “The
Disenchanted,” which was closely
patterned after the life of F. Scott
Fitzgerald, the author-spokesman
of the jazz age.
The 37-year-old author’s first
novel—written when he was 26
—as the story of a “heel” in Holly
wood, “What Makes Sammy Run?"
Collins testified that Schulberg
"left the party right after his
book came out.” It was published
on March 27, 1941.
X CII9 vi Tv 1 IVCl 9 UUUUi
Collins testified that he had be
come a Communist in 1938 and
had quit in late 1947. He said he
had attended during that time
about 5,000 hours of meetings"
of Communist groups.
“And I might add,” he said,
“that’s enough for a lifetime.”
By far the most informed and;
willing witness on Communism in
the film capital to appear before j
the committee so far, Collins gave;
these reasons for the Communist:
Party’s interest in infiltrating
Hollywood:
“To influence the content of
films where possible; to stop or
abate anti-Communist films; to
tap what they felt would be a
lucrative source for party funds,
and because the party throught
it would be advantageous and
easy to use a concentration of
partially frustrated creative
people.”
The witness described the re
organization of the Screen Writers’
Guild in the late 1930s under the
guidance of V. J. Jerome, the
Communist Party’s cultural com
missar. Collins said that, al
though non-Communists belonged
to the reconstituted Guild, Reds
dominated it until the first House
Committee hearing on Hollywood
in 1947.
Three Jailed for Contempt.
Lawson, Maltz and Lardneri
were members of the so-called
“Hollywood Ten,” all of whom
were jailed on contempt-of-Con
gress charges for refusing to an
swer committee questions on
Communism in 1947.
Lawson was the accepted Com
munist leader in Hollywood, Col
lins asserted.
He said Lawson directed the
Guild after Jerome’s organizing
work had been completed.
Collins, who wrote the lilm
“Song of Russia” and “As Thou
sands Cheer," said he had joined
the Young Communist League in
New York in the mid-30s. He said
that he was led into the party
(See UN-AMERICAN, Pg. A-14.)
Corregidor May Get
Its Name Changed to
MacArthur Island
By the Associated Press
MANILA, April 12.—Change
the name of historic Corregi
dor to MacArthur Island?
That’s what three members
of the Philippines Congress
want to do. They introduced a
bill last night to rename the
island in Manila Bay where
Gen- MacArthur had his head
quarters during the defense of
Bataan in 1942.
i
Supreme Court
Holds Ober Law
Constitutional
Decision Expedited
On Loyalty Oaths for
Political Candidates
The Supreme Court today gave
approval to Maryland’s anti
subversive Ober law oath, which
requires candidates for State and
city offices to swear they are not
engaged in any attempt to over
throw the Government by force
and violence.
The law had been attacked by
Thelma Gerende of Baltimore,
who sought to run for the Balti
more City Council on the Progres
sive Party ticket, but refused to
sign a loyalty oath.
The court’s opinion was un
signed and was limited to only
about 200 words. i
ii expiainea me nign iriounai i
understood Maryland courts as \
deciding that to obtain a place on
a Maryland ballot a candidate
need only make oath that he is
not a person who is engaged “in
one way or another in the attempt
to overthrow by force and vio
lence” and that he is not know
ingly a member of an organization
engaged in such an attempt.
Refused To Sign Oath.
The opinion added that during
argument Attorney General Hall
Hammond of Maryland informed
the court that he would advise the
proper authorities of Maryland to
accept an affidavit from candi
dates “in these terms as satisfying
in full the statutory requirement.”
“Under these circumstances and
with this understanding.” the Su
preme Court’s opinion said, “the
judgment of the Maryland Court
of Appeals is affirmed.”
Maryland State courts held that
to become a candidate for the
Baltimore Council Miss Gerende
was obliged to sign a loyalty oath.
She refused to do so on grounds
that such an oath was an unlaw
ful interference with freedom of
speech and thought.
Justice Reed concurred in the
opinion today.
Baltimore’s election day is May
t and because of the time limit,
the Supreme Court took the un
usual step of taking up the cast
out of the regular order. It alia
departed from precedent in hand
ing down the decision on a Thurs
day, rather than the customary
Monday. .
Decision Expedited.
Counsel for Miss Gerende had
asked the court to rule speedily,
so that its decision could be in
the hands of the Board of Super
visors of Elections of Baltimore
City well befort election.
Oral arguments were heard only
on Monday and the Supreme
Court acted with unusual speed
in rendering its decision so soon.
Mr. Hammond told the Supreme
Court, in arguing for upholding
the validity of the oath and this
part of the Ober Law under at
tack, that the law was carefully
irawn. Deputy Attorney General
I. Edgar Harvest told the highest
:ourt that the law was over
whelmingly approved by the
voters.
Counsel for Miss Gerende had
argued that both the Ober Law
and the Maryland Court of Ap
peals decision upholding its pro
visions were vague and uncertain.
They maintained that the law at
tacked beliefs and ideas and that
It violated the First Amendment
to the Federal Constitution.
Danish-U. S. Treaty Drafted
For Defense of Greenland
ly th« Asiociated Press
COPENHAGEN. April 12.—A
Danish-American treaty on the
defense of Denmark’s huge Arctic
island of Greenland has been
drafted and is now being studied
by the two governments, it was re
liably learned today.
According to the draft, the new
treaty will be valid for 20 years.
It will succeed the treaty of 1941,
which gave the United States
rights to establish naval and air
bases in Greenland.
It was learned that Denmark
will undertake the naval defense
of the island. For this purpose
Denmark will take over the Amer
ican-built naval base in Arsuk
fiord on the southwest coast.
The air defense will remain in
the hands of the Americans. For
this reason the United States will
be given back some of the air
bases, including Bluie West One
and Eight, handed over to the
Danes in the summer of 1950.
•
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