Evening star. [volume], May 08, 1951, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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Weather Forecast Guide for Readers
Sunny, warmer. High 76. Fair tonight; p*,e Paer
low 54 in city, 48 in suburbs. Tomorrow Amusements - B-17 Finance -A-19
fair, high 75. (Full report on Page A-2.) Classified.- B-18-24 Obituary-A-12
Temperatures Today. Comics-B-26-27 j Radio-TV- B-25
Midnight, 55 6 a.m. ..-49 11 a.m. ...67 Crossword- B-26 Sports-A-15-17
2 a.m. ...53 8 a.m. ...49 Noon 70 Editorial- A-10 Woman’s
4 a.m. ...53 10 a.m. _.-65 1 a.m. ...72 Edit’l Articles. A-11 Section B-3-6
__Late New York Morkets,~Page A-19.___ An Associated Press Newspaper_
99th Year. No. 128. Phone ST. 5000 ** WASHINGTON, D. C„ TUESDAY, MAY 8, 1951-FORTY-EIGHT PAGES. 5 CENTS
MARSHALL EXPLAINS KOREAN WAR STRATEGY
Aim Is to Break China Morale
By Terrific Casualties, He Says
Secretary Testifies
MacArthur Was Told
To Confine Activity
BULLETIN
Secretary of Defense Marshall
said today that consideration
was given to leaving General
MacArthur in command in
Japan but was ruled out because
it would have resulted in “a
divided authority” and would
have placed Lt. Gen. Matthew
B. Ridgway in “an almost im
possible position.”
By J. A. O'Leary and
Cecil Holland
Defense Secretary Marshall said
today the administration is seek
ing to break the morale of Chinese
Communists by inflicting "terrific
casualties” on their armies fight
ing in Korea.
If this is done, Gen. Marshall
told Congress, it offers the “best
Marshall Tells How Truman Decided to
Oust MacArthur. Page A-5
Two Old Soldiers Clash Again, Both With
Sights on Peace. Page A-4
probability of reaching a satis
factory negotiatory basis” with
the Communist forces without
risking "a great hazard” of a
complete world war.
Gen. Marshall's views on wheth
er the Korean fighting can be
brought to a victorious end were
given as he appeared for the sec
ond day before the Senate Armed
Services and Foreign Relations
Committees investigating the
MacArthur controvery.
Soviet Has Many Planes Near.
The 70-year-old soldier and
statesman, the administration’s
first witness in the investigation,
also testified:
1. It would be “a very serious
matter” for United Nations forces
fighting in Korea if Soviet air
power should be thrown into the
conflict. Gen. Marshall said the
Russians have several thousand
planes in the Vladivostok-Dairen
Port Arthur-Harbin area, and re
ports have been received of troop
concentrations on Sakhalin Island
northwest of Japan.
mere was run agieemem uy
President Truman and his top
military and political advisers on
limiting the fighting in Korea in
an effort to avoid a general war,
and that Gen. MacArthur was in
structed that “under no circum
stances” was he to carry opera
tions into Manchuria.
3. The immediate withdrawal of
U. N. forces from Korea, as pro
posed in some quarters, would be
“tragic” in. the effect on coping
with Communism in Asia, in the
Middle East and India.
Gen. Marshall’s views on
whether the administration’s plan
can bring the war in Korea to an
end were given in response to a
question by Chairman Russell of
the investigating committee.
“Hard to Answer Questions.”
Gen. Marshall said it was “ex
ceedingly hard” to answer - the
question because “it really
amounts to disclosing a war plan.”
Then in a long discussion cen
sored in part for security, Gen.
Marshall said the country faced
three choices. One was to conduct
an expanded war along the lines
suggested by Gen. MacArthur.
The second, he said, was to with
draw from Korea and violate this
country’s promise to the Koreans
and “sacrifice them to assassina
tion and probably almost extinc
tion.”
The third choice, Secretary
Marshall continued, was to carry
out the administration’s present
plan “to what advantage we could
gain by the method that we have
followed.”
“That method,” he added, “was
to inflict the greatest number of
casualties we could in order to
break down not only the morale,
(Continued on Page A-3, Col. 5.)
Italian Strike Hits
Post Office, Telegraph
By the Associated Press
ROME, May 8.—An estimated
750,000 Italian government work
ers quit their jobs today in a 24
hour demonstration for more pay.
Rome's post office was closed,
The government-owned telegraph
system was crippled by the strike.
Thousands of strikers attended
rallies in Rome and provincial
capitals but there were no reports
of disorders.
One report said the strike in
government offices here ranged
from 60 per cent effective in th<
Ministry of Foreign Affairs to 9E
per cent in the Ministry of De
fense. Earlier reports had indi
cated that over 85 per cent of a
total of 1 million employes joined
the walkout.
The strike was supported bj
both Communist-led and non
Communist unions.
Administrative employes of gov
ernment railways walked out bul
operating personnel confined theii
action to three work stoppages ol
30 minutes each. Sanitary serv
ices w-ere maintained at a bare
minimum.
*
Defense Secretary Marshall (left) chats with Chairman
Russell of the joint Armed Services and Foreign Relations
Committee before today’s hearing. —AP Photo.
Partial Text
Senators Question
Marshall Again
Following is a partial text of
testimony today before the Sen
ate Armed Services and Foreign
Relations Committees' hearings
on Far East Policy:
Chairman Russell—General . . .
I want you to tell us what re
strictions were placed upon the i
scope of military operations in|
Korea and where those restrictions
originated.
1
Secretary Marshall—The re- j
strictions imposed on Gen. Mac-|
Arthur were in general to confine!
the operations to Korea, and un
der no circumstances to carry out
operations . . . into Manchuria.
He was also cautioned against
haying units within, I think it was,
about 15 miles of the border in
Northeast Korea where it touched
the perimeter of Siberia, the So
viet government.
The restrictions did not apply to
operations by the Navy on the
water along off the coast of Korea,
but those were restricted, in other
words, forbidden, in relation to
the Manchurian coast, the China
coast, and most specifically the
northwestern tip of Korea in close
proximity to the Soviet border.
There was a modification in
those restrictions in the event that
our forces were attacked outside
of Korea, to the effect that he
was authorized to retaliate in
j bombing against such opera
tions. . . .
Chairman Russell — Did those
restrictions originate with the
Joint Chiefs of Staff . . . the
United Nations?
Secretary Marshall—Those re
strictions directly related to views
’Of the Chiefs of Staff as expressed
and discussed in the National
Security Council. . . . There w’as
an intermingling there of political
necessities along with military
directions. There was an agree
ment that not only were these
| restrictions necessary in order to
avoid a break with our Allies and
a complete confusion in our re
lations to the United Nations and
specifically the Security Council
but they also felt it would be
necessary in regard to the retalia
tion that could be carried out by
a heavy force if they developed
on the Communist side. . . .
Chairman Russell—What Is your
opinion, Mr. Secretary, as to the
potential power of retaliation
available to the Soviet in the
Korean war ... If the Soviet
wanted to see fit to enter the
Korean war?
Secretary Marshall— ... it
would be a very serious matter,
because they have ... a con
siderable force—I have forgotten
jexactly how many thousands in
(the vicinity of Vladivostok, Dairen -
Port Arthur, Harbin. I don’t
know whether there are any plane
concentrations in relation to Sak
halin, but there have been reports
(Continued on Page A-4, Col. 1.)
President Stands by
Korea Policy, Warns
Against Losing Allies
Civil Defense Address
Answers MacArthur
Plan to Extend War
By Joseph A. Fox
President Truman today stuck
to his guns on the political and
military strategy followed in
Korea with a warning to critics
that the United States might lose
her Allies, wreck the United Na
tions and be forced to wage a lone
and deadly war against commu
nism, if we launched a large-scale
attack on China.
In an address obviously de
signed as an answer to Gen
Text of Truman Speech Asking foi
Stronger Civil Defense. Page A-7
Civil Defense Meeting Told of A-Raid
Safety Measures. Page B-1
MacArthur's demand for a widen
ing of the field of operations in
the Pacific, the President last
night slapped at those who “seek
some easy way out, regardless of
the consequences,” in time oi
crisis, and then summed up:
“Our Allies agree with us in the
course we are following. They dc
not believe that we should take
the initiative to widen the con
flict in the Far East. If the
United States were to widen that
conflict, we might well have tc
go it alone.
Allies in Greater Danger.
“If we go it alone in Asia, we
may destroy the unity of the free
nations against aggression. Our
European Allies are nearer to Rus
sia than we are. They are in
far greater danger. If we act
w’ithout regard to the danger that
faces them, they may act without
regard to the dangers that we
face. Going it alone brought the
W'orld to the disaster of World
War II. We cannot go alone in
Asia and go it in company in
Europe. The whole idea of going
it alone is the opposite of every
thing we have stood for and
worked for since World War II
In this way, going it alone in Asia
might wreck the United Nations
the North Atlantic treaty and the
whole system of collective security
we are helping to set up.”
The President spoke at a Civil
Defense Conference dinner in the
Hotel Statler. While he made nc
mention of Gen. MacArthur or the
Republicans supporting the de
posed Far Eastern commander, he
took up the main arguments ad
vanced by the general at the
lengthy Senate hearings last week
(See TRUMAN, Page A-6.)
Truman Marks 67th Birthday
Quietly at His White House Desk
President Truman was 67 today
—and he observed the anniversary
at his disk.
Several appointments were on
his schedule, including a meeting
with David Ben-Gurion, Prime
Minister of Israel, who is a Wash
ington visitor.
His daughter Margaret arrived
this morning • from New York to
spend the day with him.
With war clouds hanging over
the world and domestic difficulties
piling up, the President’s birthday
this year sharply contrasted with
his first in office in 1945. He
called a special press conference
t
i
that day to announce the Ger
man surrender; Japan was col
lapsing, and the outlook for gen
eral peace cheered a Nation that
then stood solidly behind a new
Chief Executive.
In six years in office, the Presi
dent has grown grayer and there
are new lines in his face, but he
still enjoys excellent health. He
customarily puts in about a 17
hour day; gets in a brisk 30-min
ute walk almost every morning
and manages, with the help of
Maj. Gen. Wallace Graham, his
personal physician, to keep his
waistline in check and his weight
around 175.
* ¥■
Allies Pushing
North at Ends
Of Korea Line
Patrols Elsewhere on
Prowl for Vanishing
Communist Troops
By the Associated Press
TOKYO, May 8.—Allied troops
today pushed cautiously north at
both ends of the 100-mile Korean
front for the second successive
day.
Patrols hunted in the vacuum be
tween these points for vanishing
Red troops. Far north of the
theoretical battle line, pilots re
ported new Communist build-ups
in Red Korea.
Withdrawing and reorganizing
Chinese and North Korean Reds
were reported angry because they
didn't get Russian tanks and
planes to sinew their spring
offensive.
Mortar Duel Fought.
The current limited offensive is
in the hands of U. N. troops. From
West to East, front-line dispatches
gave the picture of today’s skir
mishing:
At the extreme West, where no
action has been reported for
weeks. U. N. forces on the Kimpo
Peninsula northwest of Seoul en
gaged in a mortar duel with Reds.
South Koreans making the
Western advance reached points
17 miles northwest of Seoul on
the east bank of the Han River.
Armored patrols fanning out from
Uijongbu stabbed to points 20
miles north of Seoul.
Across the rest of the western
and central sectors. Associated
Press War Correspondent John
Randolph reported, “there is no
formal front line. Instead, there
is a wide shelf of no-man's land
of varying width. In this belt,
Chinese and United Nations pa
trols roamed back and forth.”
Column Enters Chunchon.
For the second successive day an
armored column rumbled unop
posed into the hub city of Chun
chon, 45 miles northeast of Seoul.
Patrols jabbed north into Red de
fenses but elsewhere found no
Communists.
South Koreans fighting above
the 38th Parallel battled a Com
munist battalion east of Inje.
Northwest of this Red-held city
airmen reported a “considerable
build up” of Red troops.
Fifth Air Force warplanes flew
500 sorties, sometimes through
heavy ground fire.
Lt. Gen. James A. Van Fleet,
8th Army commander, visited the
Western front to award the United
States presidential unit citation
to the heroic British Gloucester
shire regiment.
iiam reeling nepurteu.
Reports of Red discontent came
: from Allied officers on the Western
front. Associated Press War Cor
respondent John Randolph said
some U. N. officers believe there
is hard feeling among Chinese and
North Korean troops because they
didn’t get tanks and planes from
the Soviet Union to support their
recent ill-fated offensive.
The infantry carried the full
burden of that attack, launched
April 22. More than 80,000 Reds
have been killed or wounded, by
U. N. estimates. Yesterday 2,940
were reported killed or wounded.
Mr. Randolph quoted Allied
officers as saying Red offensive
preparations indicated they had
expected both armored support
:and air cover. Roads were
widened. Air fields were put into
| condition. But the support didn’t
develop and the Red infantry was
unable to exploit its gains.
iuur iciriuic
“I think that if they had any
I air and armor available in North
Korea they would have used them
in the April attack,” one officer
said. “As it was they took some
[terrible losses trying to do it all
with infantry.
“If they aren’t deliberately
[hoarding their heavy stuff up
[north (in Manchuria) there are
[only two solutions—either they
[couldn’t cross the Yalu River, or
[else the Russians welched on their
promises.”
The officer suggested the Reds
could be holding large concentra
tions of planes and armor in
Manchuria to ward off any pos
sible Allied blow in that direction.
To reach the front from Man
churia Red tanks have to run a
gantlet of U. N. aerial bombs and
rockets. And Communist planes
have to sneak past an aerial
patrol by F-86 Sabre jets along
the Yalu River border.
Even bad weather yesterday
failed to halt “the day-by-day de
struction of the enemy’s war po
tential,” the Far Eastern Air
Forces reported. More than 900
sorties (single flights) were flown.
MacArthur and Dewey
Talk for IVi Hours
By the Associated Press
NEW YORK, May 8.—Gen.
i MacArthur and Gov. Dewey talked
together for two and a half hours
i late yesterday in the general’s
[hotel suite.
A spokesman for Gov. Dewey
said the visit was a courtesy call,
but added that the world situation
was discussed.
/ DEFEND I
WESTERN /
/ HEMISPHERE
Old Soldiers Just Fade Away
Chairman Kee Dies at Session
Of House Foreign Affairs Group
West Virginian s Work
In Vital Post Lauded
By Both Parties
Chairman John Kee of the
House Foreign Affairs Committee
collapsed and died of a heart at
tack shortly before noon today
during a meeting of his commit
tee.
Committee members said the
! chairman rose from the commit
tee table and was starting toward
an anteroom when he collapsed.
The 76-year-old West Virginia
Democrat was pronounced dead by
Dr. George W. Calver, the Capitol
physician. Mr. Kee’s personal
physician also was summoned im
mediately.
Mr. Kee had been ill for some
time. Only recently he resumed
his Capitol duties after return
ing from Bethesda Naval Hos
pital.
The first notification of Mr.
Kee's death reached the House
floor informally when the chap
lain. during his daily prayer,
—AP Photo.
REPRESENTATIVE KEE.
offered a prayer for the family
of the veteran member.
Shortly afterwards, a resolution
expressing “profound sorrow” was
(See KEE, Page A-6.)_
U. S. Again Rejects
Russian Proposals
On Japanese Treaty
Soviet Renews Idea
Of Big Three Parley,
Including Red China
The United States today turned
thumbs down on a Russian pro
posal that the Japanese peace
treaty be prepared by a Big Three
parley to include Communist
China.
The State Department spokes
man said this idea "has always
been rejected by the United States
and will be again.’’
The United States is discussing
proposed Japanese peace treaty
terms with 15 other nations and
i hopes to conclude a treaty this
summer.
itejeciea « rears Ago.
A Soviet proposal to limit the
negotiations to the big powers, ex
cluding the smaller nations which
took part in the war against Ja
pan, first was turned down by this
Government. four years ago.
Michael J. McDermott, State
Department press officer, said the
Soviet renews the proposal “peri
odically whenever it wants to stall
the conclusion of Japanese peace.”
Russia suggested this time that
! a council of foreign ministers,
j composed of representatives of the
United States, Great Britain, the
Soviet Union and Communist
China be called in June or July
to prepare the treaty.
May Leave Reds Out.
Mr. McDermott said the Soviet
effort is, with Communist China,
to get “a double veto.”
He said the State Department
received only this morning a trans
lation of the Soviet note and will
fully answer it with a rejection in
due course.
The United States intends, a
department spokesman made plain,
to go ahead with the present prep
arations for a settlement for Japan,
with or without Russian participa
tion.
In the note Russia attacked
what she said was the use!
of Japanese territory and hu
man resources for "armed inter
vention in Korea,” and demanded
withdrawal of all occupation
troops within a year after con
clusion of the treaty.
The treaty must provide for the
transfer of Formosa and the Pes
(See TREATY, Page A-G.)
Big Steel lax Benefits
Rushed as Small Firms
Waif, Douglas Says
Production Chief Replies
Case Mentioned Preceded
Backlog of Applications
A charge that tax benefits for
big steel companies were put
through at “supersonic speed”
while applications from little com
panies were handled “at a bicycle
pace” was made today by Sena
tor Douglas, Democrat, of Illinois.
He complained at a hearing of
the Senate Banking Committee of
what he said was the contrast in
handling tax benefit applications.
He said that an application for
a tax benefit made by the United
States Steel Corp. last December
19 had been approved on Decem
ber 21.
Manly Fleischmann, head of the
National Production Authority,
told the committee which is con
sidering revenue of the Defense
Production Act that the applica
tions which Senator Douglas cited
in his complaint had been made
before applications had accumu
lated in large number, forming a
backlog with which there was in
evitable delay.
Committee Chairman Maybank
quoted a Treasury statement that
(See PRODUCTION, Page A-6.)
Spreading Strike Hits
New York Buildings;
Elevators Halted
500 Service Workers
Out, With 60 Manhattan
Structures Affected
By th« Associated Press
NEW YORK, May 8.—A strike
in 60 Manhattan commercial
buildings began at 11 am. today
as hundreds of AFL building serv
ice workers walked off the jobs.
A union official said the strikes
started in buildings in the vicinity
of Broad and Nassau streets in
Lower Manhattan, but spread
“all over Manhattan.’’ Approxi
mately 500 workers are involved,
the union estimated.
Thomas Shortman, vice presi
dent, said some of the building
owners signed up immediately to
proffered union contracts “when
they saw we meant business.”
Thousands of office workers will
have to climb stairs in buildings,
some of which are as much as 42
stories high.
A union spokesman said “there
will be no emergency service in
the struck buildings.”
The strike is by elevator oper
ators, porters, janitors and other
service employes. It was called be
cause of failure of office and loft
owners to sign a contract with the
union, which demanded a wage in
crease of $4 a week and $1 in wel
fare benefits. Current weekly pay
ranges from $50 to $58.83.
Union officials said the strike
would be extended to about 500
buildings by tomorrow or Thurs
day. The union also threatened to
strike 1,200 apartment buildings
next Monday if its demands are
not met.
Privy Seal Sailing Here
LONDON, May 8 (£>).—R. R,
Stokes, Lord Privy Seal, is sailing
on the Queen Mary tomorrow for
the United States to discuss
Britain’s supply problems with
American officials.
Late News
Bulletin
Woman Dies of Burns
Mrs. Joyce Lomas, 36, who
suffered severe burns over 90
per cent of her body when her
bed clothing caught fire Sunday
in her home, 506 Independence
avenue S.E., died today in Cas
ualty Hospital. Police reported
Mrs. Lomas evidently had been
smoking in bed before the fire
started.
Government Girls to Be Hired
At Age of 17 in Capital Area
The Civil Serviee Commission
today lowered the age minimum
to 17 years for the hiring of
stenographers, typists and office
machine operators in the Wash
ington area in an effort to meet
the growing demands of the de
fense effort.
Some 6,000 jobs are expected
to be filled from the new eligibles
from the District and nearby Vir
ginia and Maryland. The Com
mission made it clear that the old
minimum—18 years still applied
throughout the rest of the coun
try.
Despite an intensive recruiting
:ampaign and the lifting of the
jpper age limit of 62 several
nonths ago, the Commission has
seen unable to find a sufficient
number of qualified persons for
the three positions named above.
With the hiring of “relatively
immature persons," Commission]
Chairman Robert Ramspeck di
rected agencies to take these safe
guards:
1. Seventeen-year-olds appoint
ed must live in the Washington
area with their parents, or with
other relatives who assume the
same responsibility as parents.
2. They should obtain employ
ment certificates under the laws
of the District, Maryland or Vir
ginia, whichever applies.
3. They should not be required
or permitted to work before 7 a.m.
or after 7 p.m.
4. The employing agency should
observe the standards of State and
Federal child labor laws. 1
f
Mi Who Fled
Ballinger Held
\s Bank Thief
Anglin Is Identified
In Bethesda Crime
Involving $1,976
Morris E. Anglin, jr„ 20, of
Hyattsville, who- escaped from
Ballinger Hospital April 29 while
iwaiting trial on two hold-up
:harges, was captured in Baltimore
last night and identified today as
ihe man who stole $1,976 from £fre
Bank of Bethesda yesterday.
Capt. G. W. Linthicum, chief of
Montgomery County detectives,
said Anglin was identified by S.
Walter Bogley, president, and two
employes of the bank, as the
stranger who was in the bank when
the money was stolen from a draw
er.
Quick police work by Montgom
ery County detectives and FBI
agents resulted in the arrest of
Anglin in a Baltimore hotel less
than 12 hours after the theft.
Escaped in Pajamas.
Anglin, son oi a nyausviue
printshop owner, was arrested
here February 2 in connection
with the $1,000 holdup at the
Ellen Wilson dwellings, a Govern
ment housing project and the $525
holdup of the Great Eastern
Agency, 3919 Fourteenth street
N.W.
On April 29, Anglin overpowered
an attendant and escaped from
the psychiatric ward at Gallinger
Hospital where he had been un
dergoing routine pre-trial mental
tests. He fled in his pajamas and
bedroom slippers.
Nothing more was heard of him
until FBI agents associated the
description of the Bethesda bank
robber with the missing fugitive.
The agents learned that a man
answering Anglin’s description had
stayed at a Bethesda tourist camp
Sunday night under the name of
"Monte Bond.”
The agents discovered last night
that a "Monte Bond” had reg
istered at a Baltimore hotel.
With Baltimore police the FBI
agents waited at the hotel
and captured Anglin as he re
turned to his room with a quan
tity of newly purchased clothing.
He had $837 in cash in his
pockets.
Circumstances Unusual.
ine bank robbery occurred
shortly after 11 a.m. under cir
cumstances which Capt. G. W.
Linthicum, Montgomery County
chief of detectives, said “prob
ably wouldn't happen again in a
thousand years.” He gave the fol
lowing account:
Mrs. Virginia Kirby of Bethesda
was w'orking at the desk which
contained the money. At an adja
cent desk was Mrs. Hilda Hardesty,
also of Bethesda.
The room was separated by a
glass partition from another room
in which there were three other
employes at desks. All five desks
faced a stairwray which led into
the first room and which con
tained a public telephone booth.
At approximately 11 a.m., a
man described by Mrs. Kirby as
about 25 years old, 5 feet 8 inches
tall, weighing 150 pounds and
wearing a white shirt, gray trou
sers and bright-colored socks,
came into the room and made a
telephone call.
He then returned to the steps. v
waited a few minutes, then re
entered the telephone booth. After
(See BANK, Page A-6.)
Hospital Puts Hull
On Critically III List
Former Secretary of State Cor
dell Hull was in critical condition
at the Bethesda Naval Hospital
today.
Mr. Hull, 79, is suffering front
an upper respiratory infection
with cardiac complications, hos
pital officials said. He was ad
mitted to the hospital Saturday.
Ill health forced Mr. Hull to
resign as Secretary of State in
1944 after he had served longer
in that office than any one else
in history. After many months
in the hospital, he had been living
a quiet life at the Wardman Park
Hotel for the last few years.
Area Garden Clubs
Have 6,000 Members
There ore about 95 garden clubs in
Washington area with a total member
ship of approximately 6,000. The pur
pose of these clubs is to promote propel
gardening
throughout the
growing season—
early in March
to late in No
vember.
For informa
tion on care of
Washington area
gardens, buy The
Star Garden
Book. This val
uable 96-page
illuitrgted guide
is on sale for 85 cents in the lobby of
The Star. By mail, it's $1. A coupon
appears in The Star today.