Evening star. [volume], September 05, 1951, Page A-5, Image 5

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Text of Truman's Address Opening Conference
>y tho Associated Pratt
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 5.
Text of President Truman’s
address opening the Japanese
peace treaty conference last
night :
I am glad to welcome you to
this conference for signing the
treaty of peace with Japan. The
people of the United States are
honored to serve as hosts for this
meeting.
Six years ago the nations rep
resented at this conference were
engaged in a bitter and costly
war. Nevertheless, these nations
and others came together here,
in this very hall, to set up the
United Nations as the first es
sential step toward a firm and
lasting peace.
Today, we meet here again to
take another step along the road
to peace. On this occasion, it is
our purpose to conclude a treaty
of peace with a country we were
fighting in 1945. We meet to
restore our former enemy to the
community of peaceful nations.
Principles of Roosevelt.
The treaty we are gathered
here to sign has not been drawn
in a spirit of revenge. The treaty
reflects the spirit in which we
carried on the war. The principles
for which we fought were clearly
set forth by President Franklin
D. Roosevelt right after Pearl
Harbor. On December 9, 1941, in
a broadcast to the American
people, he said:
“When we resort to force, as
now we must, we are determined
that this force shall be directed
toward ultimate good as well as
against immediate evil. . . . We
are now in the midst of war, not
for conquest, not for vengeance,
but for a world in which this na
tion, and all that this nation rep
resents, will be safe for our chil
dren.”
That is our purpose here today
as we gather to sign the peace
treaty. We are trying to build a
world in which the children of
all nations can live together in
peace. We hope we are attaining
the ultimate good to which Presi
dent Roosevelt referred.
New Aggression Threatened.
Unfortunately, today, the world
is faced with new threats-of ag
gression. Many of the countries
represented here are now engaged
in a hard fight to uphold the
United Nations against interna
tional law-breaking. But we have
not forgotten that our goal is
peace. We will not let the present
conflect deter us from taking every
step we can toward peace. We will
not let that happen now, any more
than we let the existence of war
in 1945 hold up our efforts for
the United Nations.
The people of all our countries
long for one thing aboye all else,
and they are determined to have
it. What they want is a world at
peace—a world where there is
justice and freedom for all men
and all nations. Our peoples de
mand of us that we take every
possible measure to reach that
goal.
We who stand ready to sign this
treaty with Japan believe in peace.
We believe in peace based on free
dom and international justice. We
know that a free and independent
people have more vigor and stay
ing power, and can do more to
.help secure the peace, than a
people held under alien control.
We believe that the whole great
effort for peace will be strength
ened if Japan is now restored to
independence and linked to other
free nations by ties of mutual
friendship and responsibility.
Special Represponsibility for U. S.
Since the fighting ended in
1945, Japan has been an occupied
country. The occupation was de-;
signed by the wartime Allies to
prevent future Japanese aggres
sion, and to establish Japan as a
peaceful and democratic country,
prepared to return to the family j
of nations.
The United States, as the prin
cipal occupying power, was given
a special responsibility to carry,
out these objectives. It is our;
judgment that they have been -
achieved.
I wish on this occasion to ex
press the pride that my country
men and I feel in the way in
which the Allied occupation has
been carried out. Its success has
been due to the devoted efforts of
many thousands of people serving
under the outstanding leadership
of General of the Army Douglas
MacArthur and his successor, Gen.
Matthew Ridgway.
I would also like to pay tribute
to the impressive effort put for
ward by the people of Japan in
this period. They have fully com
plied with the surrender terms. [
They have co-operated fully in
carrying out the purposes of the
occupation.
Progress Unprecedented
The result has been a remark
able and unprecedented period, of
progress in Japanese history.!
Japan today is a very different
country from what it was six years
ago.
The old militarism has been ]
swept away. This has been done!
not just by occupation edict, but;
by the overwhelming will of the
Japanese people themselves.
The secret police and the police
state methods used by the former
government have been abolished.
The new Japanese constitution
provides a Bill of Rights for all
citizens and establishes a govern
ment truly representative of the
people.
The Japanese people now have
Universal suffrage, and they are
taking a vigorous part in their gov
ernment. In recent local elections,
more than 90 per cent of those
eligible have voted.
Democratic Rights.
Japanese women now vote and
take part in the government, and
enjoy full rights for the
first time.
Free and independent labor
unions have been established, and
Jarm co-operatives have been
greatly expanded.
The monopolies that used to
have such a strangehold on the
Japanese economy have been sub
stantially broken up.
Remarkable progress has been
made in land reform. Over 6 mil
lion acres of land have been pur
chased from the old landlords and
sold to working farmers. Today
about 90 per cent of all cultivated
land belongs to those who work on
It, as compared with leas than 50
per cent In 1945. This Is a great
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TRUMAN CHALLENGES RUSSIA—San Francisco.—President
Truman tells the opening session of the Japanese peace treaty
conference that the meeting will show which nations seek peace
and which seek to prevent peace. Although he did not mention
Soviet Russia by name, there was no question he had Russia
and her satellites in mind. —A. P. Wirephoto.
achievement, full of meaning for
all Asia.
Restoring Full Sovereignty.
Through these and other re
forms, the Japanese people have
been developing a stable economy
and a democractic society. They
still have a long way to go, but
; they are well on the road to build
ings new Japan—dedicated to the
arts of peace and the well-being of
the people.
Because of these accomplish
ments, it is possible at this time
to restore full sovereignty to the
Japanese people.
This does not mean that the
slate has been wiped clean. The'
United States has not forgotten
Pearl Harbor or Bataan, and many
of the other nations represented)
here have similar memories that;
will not easily be erased. The new
Japan will not find the world en
tirely friendly and trusting. It
will have to keep on working to
win the friendship and trust of
other peoples over the years to
come.
But the foundations for a peace
ful future have been laid. It is
now time to move ahead with the
restoration of normal relations be
tween Japan and the rest of the
world.
After Year of Effort.
This oonference is the result of
a year co-operatfve effort toward
that end.
A year ago this month, at my
request, Mr. John Foster Dulles
began to consult other govern
ments about a treaty of peace
with Japan. Mr. Dulles has per-'
formed this task faithfully and
well, guided by the highest tradi
tions of statesmanship.
There were, of course, differ
ences of opinion among the na
tions concerned as to many of the
matters covered by this treaty J
The text of the treaty now before
us is the product of long and
patient negotiations, among many
nations, which were undertaken
to reconcile these differences.
I think it is fair to say that it
is a good treaty. It takes account
of the principal deisres and ulti
mate interests of all the partic
ipants. It is fair to both victor
and vanquished.
Looking to Future.
But, more than that, it is a
.treaty that"will work. It does not
contain the seeds of another war.
lit is a treaty of reconciliation.
I which looks to the future, not the
! past.
The treaty re-establishes Japan
as a sovereign, independent na
tion. It provides for the restora
tion of Japanese trade with other
nations, and it imposes no re
strictions upon Japan’s access to
raw materials.
The treaty recognizes the prin
ciple that Japan should make rep
arations to the countries which
suffered from its aggression. But
it does not saddle the Japanese
people with a hopeless burden of!
reparations which would crush
their economy in the years to
come.
In all these respects, the treaty
takes account of the peaceful ad
vances the Japanese have made
in recent years, and seeks to
establish the conditions for fur
tner progress However, there is
one thing we must all recognize.
There can be no progress unless
the Japanese people and their
neighbors in the Pacific are made
secure against the threat of ag
gression.
Aggression Under Way.
At the present time, the Pacific
area is gravely affected by out
right aggression and by the threat
of further armed attack. One of
our primary concerns in making
peace with Japan, therefore, is j
to make Japan secure against
aggression and to provide that
Japan, in its turn, will so conduct
itself as not to endanger the sec
urity of other nations. To accom
plish this, It Is important to bring
Japan under the principles of the
United Nations, and within the
protection of the mutual obliga
tions of United Nations members.
The treaty expresses Japan’s
intention to apply for membership
in the United Nations. The other
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countries who sign the treaty can
be counted on to work for the ad
! mission of Japan to membership.
But even so, there may be delays;
before Japan can be admitted.
Under the treaty, therefore, the
Japanese people bind themselves
to accept immediately the basic
obligations of a United Nations
member—namely, to refrain from
aggression, to settle disputes
peacefully, and to support the
efforts of the United Nations to
maintain the peace. At the same
;time, the other nations who sign
| the treaty specifically recognize
that Japan is entitled to the pro
j tection of the United Nations
charter.
Part of Community.'
In a sense, these provisions are
the heart of this treaty. Under
them, Japan becomes part of the
community of nations pledged to
outlaw aggression and to support
a world order based on justice. • i
This tying together of the
Japanese peace treaty and the
United Nations charter is a long
step toward building security in
the Pacific. But more than this
is needed.
In the present world situation,
it has been necessary to buttress
the peaceful principles of the
United Nations charter with
regional arrangements for the,
common defense against aggres
sion. If real security is to be at
stained in the Pacific, the free
nations in that area must find
means to work together for the
common defense.
The United States recognizes
; this fact. Our people have suffered
from past aggression in the Pacific
ajid are determined that this!
country shall do its part for peace
there. In recent days, we have
joined with other Pacific nations
in important mutual security
agreements.
Philippine Pact Signed.
j Last Thursday, the Philippines
and the United States signed a
treaty of mutual defense. Under
this treaty, each country recog
nizes that an armed attack on the
other in the Pacific area would be
dangerous to its own peace and
safety, -and declares that it would
act to meet the common danger.
Last Saturday, a similar security
treaty was signed by Australia,
New Zealand, and the United;
|'States.
These treaties are initial steps
toward the consolidation of peace
in the Pacific.
It is vital that Japan be in
cluded, as soon as possible, in ap
! propriate security, arrangements
, for keeping peace in the Pacific.
This is necessary for her own pro
jection, and the protection of
! other countries.
The peace treaty, therefore, rec
ognizes that Japan, as a sbvereign
! nation, must possess the right of
self-defene and the right to join
in defense arrangements with;
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other countries under the United
Nations charter.
The development of regional
arrangements for defense in the
Pacific will mean that such Japa
nese defense forces as may-be
created would be associated with
the defense forces of other na
tions in the area. Japan’s security
would not depend exclusively on
Japanese forces but on inter
related security arrangements with
other countries. The Japanese
contribution, by itself, would not'
constitute an offensive threat.
But Japanese forces, together with
forces of other nations, would pro
vide mutual security against
threats to the independence of
the nations of the Pacific, includ
ing Japan.
At present, of course, Japan is
totally unarmed. In view of the
open aggression taking place near
Japan, the Japanese government
has requested the * United States
to enter into a bilateral treaty for
Japan’s immediate security. Under
such a treaty, the United States
would maintain armed forces in
Japan for the time being as a
contribution to international peace
and to Japan's defense against
attack.
Security arrangements are es
sential in a world in danger. In
the Pacific as in other parts of
the world, social and economic
progress is impossible unless there
is a shield which protects men
from the paralysis of fear.
New Nations Respected.
But our great goal, our major
purpose, is not just to build bigger
and stronger shields. What we
want to do is to advance, as rapidly
as we can, the great constructive
| tasks of human progress.
We in the United States respect
and support the many new free
and independent nations in the
Pacific area and Asia.
We want to see them grow and
prosper, as equal partners in the
community of independent* na
tions of both East and West. We
want to co-operate with them, to
help them in their agricultural!
and industrial development. We'
wish to see these nations attain in!
dignity and freedom a better life;
for their peoples—for that is thej
road to world peace.
These countries have a rich'
historical and cultural heritage.
Today, their people are experienc
ing great economic and social!
change. They are stirred by a new
zeal for progress and independ-!
ence. Already, we have seen some
of the progress that can be made
—progress in stamping out ma-i
lana, in building schools and
training teachers, in growing more
food and creating new industries.;
Immense opportunities lie ahead
if these countries can pursue their
national destinies in a partner
ship of peace, free from the fear
of aggression.
Under this peace treaty, we be
lieve Japan can and will join in
this partnership of peace.
Contribution Expected.
We look forward to the contri
bution which the new Japan, with!
its rich culture and its dedication !
to peace, can bring to the commu
nity of nations. We expect this*
contribution to g r ow over the 1
years, for the signing of a peace'
treaty is but one part of the proc
ess of making peace. When ag
gression and war have severed
relations between nations, many
ties which bind one nation to the
others are cut. Making peace is
like repairing the many strands
of an intercontinental cable; each
strand must be spliced separately
and patiently, until the full flow!
of communication has been re
stored.
There is no other way to bring
lasting peace than this slow and
patient progress, step by step, of
mendhig and strengthening the
! cables of communication, of
understanding between nations.
In this San Francisco confer
ence, we have the opportunity to
take one vital step toward lasting
Deace. Our specific task here is
to conclude the treaty of peace
with Japan. That will be a great
step toward general peace in the
Pacific.
There are other steps which
need to be taken. The mftst im
portant of these is the restora
tion of peace and security in
Korea. With Japan returned to its
place in the family of nations, and
with the people of Korea secure,
free, and united, it should be pos
sible to find ways to settle other
problems in the Pacific which
now threaten the peace.
Offers Action For Peace.
The United States has made
j clear on many occasions its desire
Gromyko Sees Parley
Continuing a Month
•y *ko Associated Praii
BAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 5.
Andrei Gromyko, Soviet delegate
to the Japanese peace treaty con
ference, told a British delegate
last night he expects the confer
ence to last a month.
But Kenneth Younger, mem
ber of the British Parliament,
said he wasn’t able to tell if Mr.
Gromyko meant it or was just
making conversation/.
Mr. Younger said he and the
Russian chief were waiting for
President Truman at the Ameri
can delegation’s reception follow
ing the opening of the conference
when Mr. Gromyko turned to him
and asked:
“How long do you think we’ll
be here?”
Mr. Younger estimated a week.
“A week,” he quoted Mr.
Gromyko as sajftng, “I - think it
will last a month. After all. time
isn’t the most important thing.”
The British leader said the en
tire exchange was carried on at
the small-talk level. He said he
still doesn’t know if Mr. Gromyko
meant he intended to try to stall
the conference with arguments.
“Os course,” he said, “he might
just have been trying to draw out
my reaction.”
j
to explore with other governments
at the proper time and in the
proper forum how this might be
accomplished.
There are many well established
ways in which next steps can be
explored, if there is a genuine
desire for peace in all quarters.
But these are not matters which
can be dealt with in our present
conference. We have come here
to take a single step—but a step
of the utmost importance.
The treaty now before us offers
more than talk of peace; it offers
action for peace. This conference
< will show, therefore, who seeks to
make peace, and who seeks to pre- jl
vent it: who wishes to put an endll
to war, and who wishes to con- I
jtinue it. jl
We believe this treaty will have 1
the support of all those nations
that honestly desire to reduce the ]
tension which now grip the world.
I pray that we shall all be united <
in taking this step to advance
us toward greater harmony and (
understanding. (
As we approach the peace table, t
let us be free of malice and hate,
jto the end that from here on <
there shall be neither victors nor j
vanquished among us, but only s
equals in the partnership of peace. 1
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GROMYKO ARRIVES FOR RECEPTION—San Francisco
Andrei Gromyko, Russia’s deputy foreign minister and head of
their delegation to the Japanese peace treaty conference, strides
into the Palace Hotel to attend a reception given by the United
States for all delegates. The reception followed the opening
session of the conference yesterday. —AP Wirephoto.
Truman’s Hotel Picketed
By Waterfront Workers
■ y th« Associated Pross
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 5 —A
picket line of waterfront workers
formed outside President Truman’s
hotel yesterday, protesting Coast
Guard screening of longshoremen
and seafarers.
The screening is being done in
most ports under the McCarran
Act, designed to keep subversives
out of maritime jobs.
Ten pickets, led by a tall negro,
carried banners and distributed
circulars. There was no disturb
ance.
One banner asked “Does the
Coast Guard have a dossier on
you. too, Mr. Truman?” Another
said “Mr. Truqian, screen out the
five percenters.”
Bulgarians Sentence 3
To Death as U. S. Spies
By the Associated Press
I.ONDON, Sept. s.—The Moscow
Radio reported a Bulgarian court
meted out death sentences last
night to three men accused of
spying for the United States.
Three others received prison
terms ranging from 10 to 20 years.
The broadcast said the six were
recruited by United States intel
ligence for “the purpose of con
ducting economic espionage and
organizing subversive activity
aeainst the People's Government
of Bulgaria.”
Dairy Cows' Requirements
MILWAUKEE.—A dairy cow re
quires about 150 more man-hours
of labor per year than any other
farm animal.
THE EVENING STAR
Washington. D. C. *
WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBER B. 1051
Friendly Envoys Hail
jTruman Speech; Reds
Withhold Comment
■y th. Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 5.
Delegates of nations closely allied
to the United States last night
praised President Truman’s speech
formally opening the Japanese
peace treaty conference. Russia
and her satellites were silent.
Russia’s Andrei Gromyko, after
an animated conversation with
the head of the Polish mission.
Josef Winewicz, Ambassador to
the United States told newspaper
men;
“No press."
Dr. Gertrude Sekaninova. Czech
deputy foreign minister, merely
i smiled.
New Zealander Pleased.
Sir Carl Berendsen, New Zea
land Ambassador to the United
States, who Saturday signed a
security pact with the United
States, called it "‘a very good
speech—very inspiring.”
Shigeru Yoshida. Japan’s prima
.minister, smiled, shook his head
and said “no comment” when ap
proached by newsmen.
But a spokesman for the Jap
anese delegation said:
"The Japanese delegation it
well pleased w'ith President Tru
man’s speech, especially with tha
part having to do with Japan’s
efforts to achieve her place among
the free nations of the world.
“Os course, it is a two-way
proposition, Japan will need the
co-operation of other nations in
the difficult tasks ahead.”
Turk Calls It Accurate.
Ambassador Feridun C. Erkin,
Turkey’s chief delegate, said the
speech accurately defined “the ex
act role of the Japanese peaoe
treaty, what is expected of it and
what is expected of the Japanese
people.”
“It defined also the significance
of the security pacts in the Pa
cific,” he added, “and left no doubt
of the peaceful intention behind
recent developments."
The chief Netherlands' delegate,
Dirk U. Stikker, Minister of For
eign Affairs, said he would re
serve comment until he had an
opportunity to study the speech.
Radios Surveyed
DETROIT.—Of the 20 million
radio receivers that are not lo
i cated within homes, the largest
■ number are those which are in
stalled in automobiles.
A-5