Evening star. [volume], June 02, 1952, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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100th Year. No. 154. Phone ST. 5000 ** WASHINGTON, D. C.,* MONDAY, JUNE 2, 1952-FORTY PAGES. J * CENTS
' ' " ~ ' , - ■■■■■■■■- 1 ■ 1 " " > '
HIGH COURT VOIDS STEEL SEIZURE, 6 TO 3;
STRIKE OF 650,000 BEGINS IMMEDIATELY
Vinson, Minton
And Reed Back
Truman Powers
Majority Opinion
Asserts He Lacks
Express Authority
By Robert K. Walsh
. The Supreme Court today
struck down President Truman’s
seizure of the steel industry.
In a fl-to-3 judgment, it upheld
the April 29 decision of District
Court Judge David A. Pine that
the April 8 seizure lacked author
ity under the Constitution and un
der specific statutes.
Justice Black read the majority
opinion. Chief Justice Vinson and
Justices Reed and Minton dis
sented in an opinion written by
the Chief Justice. Justices Doug
las. Frankfurter, Jackson* Burton
and Clark each wrote concurring
opinions.
When word of the decision was
flashed to Judge Pine in his Dis
trict Court chambers, he was
busy signing routine probate
papers. The jurist refused com
ment.
Two Crucial Questions.
In the majority opinion, Justice
Black stated that the case pre
sented these two crucial ques
tions:
Should final determination of
- constitutional validity of the a
President’s order be made in this I
case which has proceeded no fur- 1
ther than the preliminary in- ■
junction stage? If so. is the I
seizure order within the con- 1
stitutional power, of the Presi- .
dent? I
The Court declared that Judge *
Pine was right in deciding the
constitutional issue in a proceed
ing involving a request by the
steel companies to prevent Secre
tary of Commerce Sawyer from
carrying out the President’s seizure
order.
“Arguments rest in large parts
on the Government’s claim that s
should the seizure ultimately be t
held unlawful, the companies 1
could recover full compensation in c
the Court Claims for the unlawful i
taking. Prior cases have cast t
doubt on the right to recover in the 1
Court of Claims on account of
properties unlawfully taken by \
Government officials for public (
use as those properties were al- i
leged to have been/’ Justice Black c
wrote. r
Damages Held Inevitable. ‘
“Moreover, seizure and govern
mental operation of these going t
businesses were bound to result in £
many present and future damages t
of such nature as to be difficult, c
if not Incapable, of measurement, s
Viewing the case this way, and i
in the light of the facts presented,
the District Court saw no reason
for delaying decision of the con
stitutional validity of the orders, j
We agree with the District Court 1
and can see no reason why that I
question was not ripe for deter- I
mination on the record pre
sented.”
Turning to the question of the >
President’s power, Justice Black 1
said the authority to issue such a '
seizure order must stem either '•
from an act of Congress or from ’
the Constitution. He declared ’
that there is no statute which ex- 1
pressly authorized the President
to seize steel plants as he did.
“It is clear that if the President :
had authority to issue the order j
he did. it must be found in some
provisions of the Constitution,” :
Justice Black continued. “It is
not claimed that express const!-
(Continued on Page A-4, Col. 5.)
Bus Crash in France
Kills 33 Belgian Tourists
Ay th« Associated Frau
GRAVELINES, France, June 2.
—At least 33 Belgian tourists were
killed and 15 injured last night
when a bus carrying them home
from a holiday in France crashed
through the guard rail of a bridge
and plunged into the Aa River
here.
The bus was returning to Ghent,
Belgium, from Calais.
Two brothers, Gabriel and
Joseph Metayer, who heard the
crash and rushed to the river,
dived into the small stream and
saved five of the passengers.
Star Political Analyst
. To Cover Geofrof s Trip
Gould Lincoln, TM Star’s political
analyst, will bo in Abilene, Kaas., to
bring yea first-hand coverage of tha
kickoff of Gen. Eisenhower's campaign.
Mr. Lincoln will cover Gen. Eisen
hower's major political speech Wednes
day, bis press conference Thursday
and his arrival in New York Friday.
Road Tha Star for complete coverage
of fast-brooking political developments.
. Phono Staring 5000 for homo delivery^
P
Decision on Steel Dispute
Black's Majority Opinion Says Congress
Previously Refused to Sanction Seizure
The Supreme Court’s opinion
in the steel seizure case, deliv
ered by Mr. Justice Black today,
follows:
We are asked to decide
whether the President was act
ing within his constitutional
power when he issued an order
directing the Secretary of Com
merce io take possession of and
operate, most of the Nation’s
steel mills. The mill owners
argue that the President’s order
amounts to lawmaking, a legis
lative function which the Con
stitution has expressly confided
to the Congress and not to the
President. The Government’s
position is that the order was
made on findings of the Pres
ident that his action was neces
sary to avert a national catas
trophe which would inevitably
result from a stoppage of steel
production, and that in meeting
this grave emergency the Pres
ident was acting within the ag
gregate of his constitutional
powers as the Nation’s Chief
Executive and the Commander
in Chief of the Armed Forces
of the United States. The issue
emerges here from the following
series of events:
In the latter part of 1951 a
dispute arose between the steel
companies and their employes
over terms and conditions that
should be included in new col
lective bargaining agreements.
Long - continued conferences
failed to resolve the dispute.
On December 18, ftsl, the em
ployes’ representative, United
No Secret Deals Made I
In Bonn Peace Pads, <
Acheson Declares I
Two Congress Committees
Question Secretary
On Three Agreements
By J. A. O'Leary
Secretary of State Acheson as
sured two congressional commit- ;
tees today that no secret or un- ;
disclosed commitments were made
in connection with the signing of
the West German peace contract
last week. (
He spent two hours going over .
with the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee and the House Foreign
Affairs Committee the three pacts .
designed to bring the West Ger
mans into the Western Europe
defense setup. Only two of the 1
pacts require Senate ratification.
Chairman Connally told report- 1
ers that, in the joint meeting, the
Secretary was asked two or three
times whether there are any se
cret agreements: The Senator
said that each time he gave assur
ance there are none.
Agreement Fading.
“Secretary Acheson told the
joint committee the documents
laid before them tovered the en
tire complement of agreements en
tered into,” said Senator Connally.
Senator Connally, Democrat, of
Texas, added there was no agree
ment with France to back her
up in North Africa. He pointed
out, however, that the United
States has air bases in that area,
which creates an interest that
would have to be considered if
the necessity arose.
Chairman Connally promised
to start hearings on the German
agreements as soon as possible
and to seek early ratification. He
believes prompt United States
approval will strengthen the
Adenauer government when the
treaties are presented to the West
German governing body.
Mr. Acheson, who returned
Friday from the signing of the
documents in Paris, also will re
port to, the Nation by radio and
(See TREATY, 'Page A-5.)
Send a Kid to Camp
Holiday for 3 Children Means
Vacation of Sorts for Father
Government Clerk's Two Girls and Boy
Gleefully Pack for Two Weeks in Country
Joy was stacked in three neat i
piles on the radiator ot a dingy 1
Washington living room.
It was a pitifully worn and
faded little array of children’s
clothing. But it was ready for !
a happy journey—a trip to camp.:
Camp wouldn’t open for another
three weeks. But 12-year-old
Frances, sister Joan. 10, and
brother Davey, 9, were ready.
Their Dad found the prepara- J
tions the other day when he came
home from his' job. He .works
hard to care for his children.
Their mother left home six
months ago.
He makes SSO a week as a
Government clerk. The money
doesn’t stretch very far after t^
Steelworkers of America, CIO, ,
gave notice of an intention to
strike when the existing bar
gaining agreements expired on j
December 31. Thereupon the |
Federal Mediation and Concil
iation Service intervened in an
effort to get labor and man
agement to agree. This failing,
the President on December 22,
1951, referred the dispute to
the Federal Wage Stabilization
Board to investigate and make
recommendations for fair and
equitable terms of settlement. 1
This board’s report resulted in 1
no settlement. 1
I
Indispensability of Steel
Argued by President
On April 4, 1952, the union 1
gave notice of a Nation-wide 1
strike called to begin at 12:01 1
am. April 9. The indispensa
bility of steel as a component
of substantially all weapons and
other war materials led the
President to believe that the
proposed work stoppage would !
immediately jeopardize our na
tional defense and that govern
mental seizure of the steel mills
was necessary in order to assure
the continued availability of
steel. Reciting these considera
tions for his action, the Presi
dent, a few hours before the
strike was to begin, issued Execu
tive Order 10340, a copy of
which is attached as the end of
this opinion as an appendix. ,
(Continued on Page A-4. Col. 1.) ;
Barrett Back in Town j
And Ready to Appear/
Lawyer Tells Neely
Former Police Chief
Will Accept 'Lawful
Summons/ Ford Says
Robert J. Barrett, the former
police chief who failed to answer (
a Senate crime investigating com
mittee summons last week, was
back in town today.
His attorney, Charles E.
telegraphed Senator Neely, the
committee chairman, that Mr. i
Barrett “is available to receive any
lawful summons or subpoena.”
Reporters who called at Mr.
Barrett’s home at 5811 Seventh :
street N.W. today were not re- 1
ceived by the former chief.
A woman who answered the 1
door was asked: “Is Mr. Barrett
at home?"
“Yes, he is,” she replied.
“May we see him?”
“No, you may not. He has no
comment to make and neither
have I,” she said, before closing
the door.
Senator Neely was out of town 1
and there was no definite indica
tion whether or when the' investi
gators would call the former chief.
They have accused him of over
spending his acknowledged income
by $17,400 in a 33-month period.
Mr. Barrett returned to Wash
ington after the Senate commit
tee had concluded its scheduled
hearings. Some of the investi
gators said, however, they would
like to get the former police chief’s
explanation of the $17,400.
Mr. Ford said Saturday he would
advise Mr. Barrett to answer no
additional questions about his
finances. The ex-chief, who re
tired on a pension last fall, testi
-1 fled at a hearing in January.
' Gift of Cherry Trees
BUENOS AIRES, June 2 (/P).—
1 A shipment of 4,000 Japanese
' cherry trees arrived yesterday as
I a gift from the school children of
Japan to the school children of
Argentina.
rent is pam lor uw twu-rwm
kitchen-and-bath.
Frances is Dad’s right arm.
When he is at work she manages
the household and younger chil
dren. When he is at home, she
helps him. She can iron some
things better than he, now. And
she sees that the school homework
is done.
“They all pitch in together, like
a baseball team,’’ says Dad
proudly.
Frances and Joan went to camp
last year. They have infected
Davey with excitement about his
anticipated first trip. Peggy, 7, is
too young to go yet.
Camp for the children will mean
(See SUMMER CAMP, Page^-6.)
Walkout Starts
As News Comes
On Court Ruling
Union Has No Choice
But to Cease Work,
Murray Declares
The CIO United Steelworkers
called a new Nation-wide strike
of 650,000 workers in the wake
of the Supreme Court decision
ending Government seizure of the
steel mills.
Embattled workers, long denied
a wage increase, began walking off
the job in Pittsburgh, Chicago and
other steel centers as word was
flashed of the high court’s ruling.
The strike began even before
the men received official word
from CIO President Philip Mur
ray, who ’also heads the steel
union. A half hour after the
court decision, Mr. Murray, in
Pittsburgh, said “our members
have no alternative other than
to cease work.”
Picket Lines Form Quickly.
Picket lines formed at the Gary,
Ind., and South Chicago plants
of the United States Steel Co.
within minutes after the court
ruling.
The reaction was the same at
Pittsburgh and in Youngstown,
Ohio, where three mills of United
States Steel, Youngstown Sheet &
Tube Co. and Republic Steel were
struck immediately.
There was no question but that
the strike would be industry-wide.
There was fear in some quarters
that the stoppage would spread to
steel fabricating plants. The
union has 500,000 members in
the fabricating industry, although
they are not involved in the sei
zure decision.
Murray’s statement.
Mr. Murray Issued this state
ment:
“The Supreme Court of the
United States, in its opinion on
the steel seizure, has upheld the
decision of Judge Pinp.
“The act of the Court leaves the
members of the United Steelwork
ers of America without the bene
fit of a collective bargaining
Agreement.
“In the absence of a wage
agreement, our members have no
alternative other, than to cease
work.
“This notice is accordingly di
rected to all of our, local unions
and their members directly affect
ed by the decision of the Supreme
Court.
“At the same time, I call upon
the various steel companies to
participate in collective bargain
ing conferences with the represen
tatives of the United Steelworkers
of America, looking toward the
perfection of a contract firmly
based upon the recommendations
of the Wage Stablization Board.
“All local union officers are au
thorized to make satisfactory ar
rangements for standby employes
to protect the properties of the
various companies during the
period of the work stoppage.”
Steel union leaders said the
strike action was automatic. At
the union’s recent convention Mr.
Murray and other leaders made
(See STRIKE. Page A-4.)
Kesselring Is Allowed
To Visit 111 Relative
By the Associated Press
BONN, Germany, June 2.—The
British have given former Ger
man Field Marshal Albert Kes
selring a week off from his war
crimes life sentenos to visit a sick
relative. The jailers wouldn’t say
| who or where the relative was.
A British military court origi
, nally sentenced Kesselring to death
: for the Ardeantine Caves massa
cre of hundreds of Italian hos
tages while he was German com
, mander in chief in Italy. Later
his sentence was commuted.
Stock Prices Advance,
Then Back Away
By th* Associated Press
NEW YORK, June 2.—The
stock market perked up and prices
gained ground today within five
minutes after the Supreme Court’s
decision that Government seizure
of the steel mills was illegal.
It was no surge forward in any
sense of the word. Price advances
Were mostly a few cents.
Withifi a few minutes, however,
many issues backed away a little
from prices reached right after
word of the court ruling.
United States Steel was ahead a
few cents during the morning and
slipped to unchanged from the
previous close around noon. After
the decision it gained 62 cents
then slipped a few cents under
the day’s best.
Bethlehem turned from a loser
to a gainer by a few cents. Re
public started ahead a few
Reception Committee
Tanks and Infantry
Rip Down Red Flags
Inside Koje Camp
POW Shot and Wounded
By South Korean Officer
After Hurling Taunts
By the Associated Press
KOJE ISLAND. Korea, June 2.
—American tanks and infantry
men today battered down and
burned Communist flags and ban
ners in two Red prisoner of war
compounds and a South Korean
officer shot and wounded a POW
for taunting him.
The United Nations supreme
commander, Gen. Mark Clark,
visited this riotous island and de
clared:
“The maximum amount of force
necessary will be used to make
rebellious prisoners obey orders.”
He said Communist truce nego
tiators at Panmunjom had “di
rected the uprising here and the
disobedience” of POWs.
Sooth Korean Troops Stoned.
The prisoner was shot behind
the double barbed wire of Com
pound 60, which holds some 200
POWs accused of war crimes.
Fellow prisoners carried him,
bleeding, into a tin shack inside
the compound. American medics,
headed by Capt. Jim Miller, Wash
ington, D. C„ demanded he be
given up for medical care.
In answer the Reds sang songs
and shouted anti-American slo
gans under the urging of a cheer
leader.
The shooting took place just
after the inmates of compound
60, smallest of the 17 occupied
inclosures on Koje, had stoned
and shouted insults at a passing
column of South Korean soldiers.
Eyewitnesses said the South
Korean officer, goaded beyond con
trol, broke for the outer barbed
wire fence and fired three shots
from a .45-caliber pistol. One
bullet hit the POW in the leg. He
twisted and fell.
L Compound Back to Normal.
The compound returned to nor
mal 20 minutes later. The pris
, oners still held their wounded
. comrade. Capt. Miller and his
medical crew folded their medical
kit and left.
Koje’s compounds were quiet
, (See KOJE, Page A-5.)
District Bride Killed in Collision
■ Returning From Honeymoon
i A Washington bride returning
5 from a Canadian honeymoon was
! killed instantly yesterday in a
, head-on automobile collision near
5 Catskill. N. Y.
She was Frances Bretler Klein,
’ 34, married a week ago yesterday
’ Picture of Honeymoon Couple. Foge A-2
t to Morris Klein in a ceremony at
1 the home of her sister, Mrs. James
. C. Biller, 2410 North Randolph
• street, Arlington. Mr. Klein is
5 reported in fair condition in
r Greene County Hospital, Catskill.
Mrs. Klein, a native of Wash
r ington and a graduate of Mc
- Kinley High School, was the
. daughter of Mr. and Mrs.^Cal
Auto Most Deadly
Invention of Man, .
Truman Declares
President Truman today
called the Automobile “the
most deadly thing ever in
vented by man.”
He made the remark In a
talk at the fifth President’s
Trumon Shocked by Industry Death
Toll. Pago A-14
Conference on Industrial
Safety at the Departmental
Auditorium. It came at the
end of his speech, and in-a
departure from the prepared
text, as the President made
a renewed plea for fire pre
vention and highway safety.
Health Affected
By World Tension,
Dentist Declares
By tho Associated Pros
MONTREAL, June 2. Dr.
Albert Laferrier of Montreal says
dentists would have less work
if people would stop worrying.
He told the closing session of
the annual meeting of the Ameri
can Academy of Dental Medicine
that with the world situation so
tense and prices skyrocketing,
every one seems to be "grinding
their teeth.”
“It may be hard to believe,
but the state of the nation has
a lot to do with the dental mor
tality rate,” he said.
“People who worry don’t sleep
and become run down, and this
has a direct effect on their gen
eral health resulting in teeth dis
orders and diseases.”
Tooth Marks Result
In Four-Year Term
For Salami Burglar
By th» Associated Press
HOF. Germany, June 2.
Karl Wunderlich, 24-year-old
brewery worker, was convicted
here of breaking into a sau
sage stand. Police experts
testified that his teeth fitted
into bite marks left by the
burglar in an end of salami
in the shop.
Wunderlich, holder of a
lengthy police record, was
sentenced to four years in
jail.
g man Bretler, 1116 K street N.E.
s Active in Jewish charitable and
social organizations, Mrs. Klein
was past Washington chapter
r president of the Junior Consump
tive Relief Society,
i. She was employed in the office
f of the Secretary of the Air Force
. at the Pentagon. Mr. Klein is a
2 George Washington University
- graduate student.
t Besides her husband, parents
s and a sister/Mrs. Klein is survived
11 by a daughter by a previous mar
-8 riage, Sondra Kline, and a brother,
1 Herman Bretler, 1354 Maple View
place S.E.
Funeral services on Wednesday
- are being arranged by the Dan
e zansky funeral home, 3501 Four
- teenth street N.W.
Camalier Is Sworn In
As Commissioner,
Succeeding Young
Judge Laws Administers
Oath to D. C. Attorney
At District Building
Renah F. Camalier was sworn
in as District Commissioner today
in a ceremony that packed the
Board Room at the District Build
ing.
Chief Judge Bolitha J. Laws
administered the oath that made
Picture on Page A-2
the Washington-born attorney a
meipber of the 61st Board of Com
missioners. Mr. Camalier succeeds
John Russell Young, whose term
expired at midnight Saturday.
Welcomed by Donohue.
“I am glad to welcome you,”
Mr. Donohue said, “because for
the last year Engineer Commis
sioner Robinson and I have car
ried the full responsibility.”
He referred to Engineer Com
missioner Bernard L. Robinson,
who was present with other Dis
trict officials at the ceremony.
Mr. Young was not present.
After the ceremony the three
city heads met and elected Mr.
Donohue president of the Board
of Commissioners. Gen. Robinson
nominated him for the post,
which makes Mr. Donohue unof
ficial mayor of Washington.
Most top-ranking District of
ficials were on hand for the cere
mony. Others there included the
Secretary of Interior and Mrs.
Chapman and Leslie Biffie, secre
tary of the Senate.
Mr. Camalier commented, “I
have made the team.”
“I accept the high office of
Commissioner of the District in
humble realization that with justi
fiable enthusiasm and courageous
determination of a people who
love their government, their
homes, their schools, their
churches, their opportunities, their
freedoms, we as a Board of Com
missioners. will be able to bring
to fruition the true example of
faithful public service,” he de
clared. '
Will Listen to All.
Mr. Camalier promised he would
be ready to listen to all groups in
the city and urged more active
participation in the city’s affairs.
He added:
“This is our city. And responsi
bility rests upon our respective in
dividual shoulders for its welfare.”
The public will get a chance to
see the new Commissioner in ac
tion at 8:30 o’clock tonight. He
will appear on the television pro
gram, “Your Commissioners Re
port,” on WMAL-TV, The Evening
Star station, Channel 7.
Late' News
Bulletin
Juvenile Court Bill Passes
The Senate today completed
Congressional approval of legis
lation anthorising wider use of
Jnvenile Court records under
discretion of the judge and sent
it to the White House.
Gen. Eisenhower
Files Request
For Retirement
Army Action Freeing
Him for Politics
Is Due Tomorrow
By John A. Giles
Gen. Eisenhower today asked
the Army to place him officially
on the retired list, thereby freeing
him to seek the Republican pres
idential nomination.
The shift from active duty
status will make no change in his
Pictures on Pago B>l.
pay and allowances which total
$18,761 annually, and the aides
which the Army provides.
Maj. Gen. Floyd L. Parks,
Army information chief, said the
request had been received in the
Pentagon. Gen. Eisenhower will
visit the building tomorrow morn
ing and when he leaves it, will be
in the status of a retired officer,
Gen. Parks said.
The general has said on two
occasions that he plans to resign
the Army commission he has held
for 37 years should he receive
the Presidential nomination. As
“Mr.” Eisenhower he would not
receive further pay and allow
ances.
No Curb on Speeches.
But as a retired general he
would be able to make speeches
such as he plans to do at Abilene,
Kans., Wednesday.
The law which created five-star
generals and admirals gave them
lifetime rank unless they re
signed. Whether they are active
or retired always has been con
sidered a technicality before the
Eisenhower presidential boom.
Flashing smiles, the general
and Mrs. Eisenhower landed at
National Airport yesterday after
noon as thousands of spectators
looked on. There were a number
i of “Hi, Ike” calls and some “I
r Like Ike” buttons on lapels, but
, the welcome home was strictly
military from beginning to end.
There was plenty of spit and
polish and the 11 official greeters
5 were either in uniform or the
, civilian chiefs of the armed
' forces.
The occasion had been billed
* in advance as being free of all
i politics and the retiring com
. mander of Western Europe’s de
s sense forces co-operated com
i pletely.
Foreign Diplomats on Hand.
Among the welcoming groups
> were British Ambassador Sir
r Oliver Franks and French Ambas
. sador Henri Bonnet. Gen. Eisen
. hower stopped to shake hands
with them. But a section of the
. enclosure occupied by others with
more of an obvious political bent
received only nods from the gen
’ eral.
Among the latter was Repre
, sentative Judd, Republican, of
r Minnesota, who called to the gen
j eral just as he had completed a
1 review of the honor guard repre
senting all the services, and Mrs.
I Corina Rogers of 1522 Thirty
third street N.W., who carried a
. bright red umbrella with “I Like
. Ike” spelled out in big black
e paint. Mrs. Rogers is a delegate
. to the District Republican con-
J vention on Thursday.
The public welcome was modest
I and restrained. There was a
splattering of applause from the
j crowd of several thousand who
1 stood around the cordon of .troops
. about the landing area. Most of
" them appeared to be Sunday sight
“ seers. A couple of hundred more
waited at the White House to see
‘ the general’s arrival there for a
J. meeting with President Truman.
r Others gathered at the Hotel
* Statler, where the general has a
l suite for his two-day stay here
1 before proceeding to Abilene.
Luncheon With Lovett.
Today Gen. Eisenhower started
j a round of conferences at the
. Pentagon and had lunch with De
fense Secretary Lovett,
i. The schedule today began at
10:3Cf a.m., when the general
. said farewell to the standing
. group of the North Atlantic
> Treaty Organization. This after
} noon he was to return to the
. White House to receive a fourth
* (See EISENHOWER, Page A-3.)
i Schools Must Find
Seats for 1,400 Youths
WHERE WILL THEY SlT?—The
Board of Education and School Sapt.
Hobart M. Corning mutt find scats
for more thon 1,400 colored junior high
pupils by this fall. Members of the
School Board discuss their ideas of the
proper solution on Page A-2.
PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S CHURCH—
President Trumon's visits to the First
Baptist Church sometimes hove brought
surprises. Another in a series oa
churches Presidents hove attended will
be found on Page A-12£