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David Lawrence Our Limited/Peace on Earth 7 Abandonment of All Principles Is Seen Accompanying The 'Peace at Any Price' of Co-existence Boosters This is s Christmas of make believe in more respects than meet the eye. For, on the sur face, there is good cheer and an abundance of material things. But the talk of “peace cm earth and good will toward men" seems confined only to the so-called free world. There are no evidences of peaceful intent from behind the Iron Curtain. Despite this, the clamor for “peaceful co-existence” goes upLffotn the Western countries and from those governments like India and Yugoslavia which profess not to be aligned with East or Wert. It is an understandable clamor, and if wishful thinking and the repe tition of peaceful purpose could accomplish the result, there have been enough words spoken and speeches made by Western leaders to saturate the governmental rulers on the other side who have It in their hands to assure peace. • But candor and a respect for truth compels the statement that hypocrisy and an aban donment of principle art al most everywhere condoned even on this side of the Iron Curtain. If challenged, the usual answer is that in an atomic age this is "imperative.” But even as ancient empires began to decay when peoples thought more of material things than strength of spirit and morality, so today great principles are being tossed aside irreverently in a passion ate demand for peace at al most any prloe. This very season when the United Nations is extolled as Doris Fleeson — I Johnson Proceeds With Caution Democrats Can't Agree on Proper Attitude Toward Eisenhower: To Go Easy, or Lay It on the Line? In challenging National Chairman Paul Butler on the course Democrats should take toward President Eisenhower, Senate Leader Lyndon John son was challenging Adlai Stevenson. The National Com mittee elected the relatively unknown Mr. Butler December 4 solely because he had the Stevenson imprimatur. The hint of rivalry for the presidential nomination in 1956 is sure and strong. It is not at all surprising in view of the party’s showing at the last election, especially the turning of the tide at the grass roots. Senator Johnson is home in Texas for Christmas. But in a telephone interview he said that congressional Democrats would proceed slowly and care fully in their opposition to the President. He implied that Speaker Rayburn agreed with him and suggested that indi vidual Democrats would dis courage Mr. Butler from "pre maturely partisan" utterances. The new majority leader is a master technician who four times last session persuaded his individualistic flock to cast a solid Democratic vote on controversial issues, including the McCarthy censure. He is aware, however, that not all Senators admire his caution, Dorothy Thompson — Melodrama in the Courtroom Sheppard Trial Jury Had to Feel Way Through a Fog Os Lawyers' Histrionics in Search for Justice There were times during the trial of Dr. Sam Sheppard when one wondered whether the jury system could possibly serve justice in the modern American courtroom. For nine weeks the jury was compelled to hear evidence in an atmosphere so consciously and deliberately emotionalised that the borders between rea son and feeling must often have been obliterated. Where a life has been taken by brutish violence and an other is at stake, emotion can not be altogether divorced from judgment. Where the evidence, as in this case, is entirely circumstantial, over tones of doubt, distress, revul sion, fear must pass like float ing clouds over the minds of the ordinary citizens charged with the fearful responsibility of life and death. The mind entirely pure of such influence functions only in the rarefied atmosphere of abstract thought. But a man, his wife, his marriage, their ' unknown inner lives, strains, and conscious and unconscious potentialities, are not mathe matical propositions. In every fatal crime of passionate vio lence there are always two protagonists the murderer and the murdered. But only one is left to tell, or to sup press, the truth. Yet justice can rest onjy upon truth: truth, which in cases like this one ie evasive. The defendant, whether testi fying or not, is a perpetual witness, tor he is continually on display. Every expression of his face is searched for testimony. The jurors, hold ing his life in their hands, but lacking decisive, concrete evi dence. must have asked them selves, “Could this young man, obviously conventional, whose speech reveals him finicky rather than tough, whom man ner appears repressed rather than aggressive, and whose profession is that of healing, possibly behave undo: any an instrumentality of peico because its secretary general is going to travel all the way to Peiping to ask for the release.of the 11 American air men held captive by Red China, the principle of free dom of information has been dealt a body blow. When the Secretary General ' of the United Nations goes behind the Iron Curtain, evi dently no correspondents or newspapermen from the free nations may accompany him and report even the outward phases of his mission. Again and again the United Nations command in the ar mistice negotiations at Pan munjom in Korea insisted that newsmen from this side must be permitted to accompany the negotiators to the scene 'of the parleys, though of course they were not admitted in the conferences themselves. Now Secretary General Hammarskjold says that it’s Just too bad, but the talks "will not be of a nature usually covered by the press.” He adds that the "rules that generally apply to the press do not now apply,” But are there any interna tional conferences from the scene of which the press is ever excluded except those held behind the Iron Curtain? Why does the Secretary General of the U. N. which boasts a Com mission on Human Rights, feel that he must announce to tho world the surrender of a great principle? It could be that the secretary general believes that only the Communist newspapermen—who will, of course, be present—are entitled most of them Stevenson sup porters such as Fulbright and Monroney. Their argument is that los ing fights must be risked for principle and that the Eisen hower legend must be strongly attacked before the next cam paign actually begins. Senator Johnson still likes his way best. He will have the support of the Southerners. The pros pect, therefore, is for con siderable pulling and hauling as the next session proceeds toward climax of the nominat ing convention. I{ , in one sense, therefore, the Johnson interview says Merry Christmas to the President. But it does no more than confirm political realities and remind the pro • Stevenson forces that they aren’t home yet. The situation bears a cer tain resemblance to the 1952 Republican pattern. The Democratic record will be built in Congress and while no Democrat there has the com manding position of the late Senator Taft, plenty of them are ambitious. The votes of National Com mittee members from 40-odd States, including the South, showed Mr. Stevenson’s high standing with the public. And the Democratic Governors, circumstances like a monster?” That was the crux of Shep pard’s case: That he was In capable of such an act. But meanwhile, during the nine weeks’ trial, the lawyers exacerbated to frenzy the un avoidable emotions of jurors and spectators in melodra matic renditions of their own scripts, which only a court room would stage today, since any* but a captive audience would boo them off the boards. They did not seek to bqpalm but to Intensify hysteria. The prosecution wept ex cruciatingly for Hecuba. The defense attorney, Mr. Corri gan, after a warming-up by his colleague, Mr. Garmone, climaxed the show in the man ner of a ham aetor playing King Lear. Passing from juror to juror he intoned, with the appropriate gesture, *1 bring you Sam Sheppard ... the body of a man 3Q years young . . . more than an immortal pearl, the purchase of God, for whom he poured out his own blood." including, along with crucifixion, the Constitu tion, sacred and profane love, communism, and Christmas. One asked: Are these instru ments of justice serious? Is a jury expected to "deliberate" In such an atmosphere? I found it disgraceful. But it is usual. By, such exhibitionist histrionics, trial lawyers be come nationally famous. We think they have mimed their profession. Actually, the jury delivered a judgment against both the prosecution and the defense. For the prosecution was out to prove that Dr. Sheppard committed a monstrously (and stupidly) executed crime, gg sciously deliberated and planned, and so introduced no evidence that might lead to any other conclusion. The defense was out to move that the “immortal pearl" who had described the grisly night as "like a dream or a nightmare” ‘had nothing to do with the murder at aIL \ to write their version of what takes place. Clearly, the hypocrisy of “peaceful co-existence” was never more dramatically il lustrated than by this incident. It is a domination by the Com munists which is recognised by the U. N. Secretary General, the retention of the 11 airmen is itself a violation of the Korean armistice, and there is the same right for newsmen to be present how as there was at Panmunjom. The incident tells the lengths to which tire secre tary general, if indeed he is speaking for the U. N., is willing to go to try to hide the humiliation which the people of U.N. countries must feel when Red China dictates who shall or shall not come along on the mission of the secretary general. It was this same spirit of appeasement which in 1938 lulled the Wetsem world into a belief that peace was just around the corner. But the enemy mistook this attitude of weakness for a form of cowardice, and miscalculated. Then came World War XL The same danger exists to day—that the Communists will construe the secretary general’s move and other such steps by the West as weakness. That’s why all the talk of peace and all the optimism about the future need to be tempered with the realistic fact that symptoms of “peace ful surrender” could encourage the Communists to commit overt acts and thus bring on the big war that nobody wants. (Reproduction Right* Reserved.) reinforced with seven just elected, are substantially pro- Stevenson. The story is fresh in mind of. how the Eisenhower sup porters, with help from the party’s contributors and press, built a machine with the Re publican Governors which ran over the Taft candidacy at Chicago. Mr. Stevenson himself wants no arguments with the party’s congressional leaders. It is, in fact, his weakness' that he lacks a sturdy bridge by which to reach them. They resented In 1952 the extent to which he put his campaign Into the hands of personal associates and ama teurs, more or less bypassing the old pros. The retiring chairman. Steve Mitchell, has worked tirelessly to overcome the feeling which resulted and in large measure succeeded. That the Mitchell hridge won’t work for Mr. Butler seems now apparent. It is probably up to Mr. Stevenson, handicapped as he is by having no official position and wanting to settle down for awhile to his law practice. It will not be easy to avoid even the appearance of Inter ference while making firm con tact with such men as Speaker Rayburn but It Is vital to his hopes for the presidency. After 102 hours of agonizing disagreement, the jury decided that the defendant could and did kill his wife, purposely, maliciously, but without pre meditation. The pertinently crtical question of why, in what state of mind, under what, if any, provocation, re mains unanswered. A psycho pathologist might have thrown light, but none was called to testify, for such evidence would have fitted neither plea, and was carefully avoided in the cross-examination of Dr. Sheppard by both prosecution and defense. The judgment of the jury therefore rested on common sense. It was the only sense dis played in the trial, for crim inal trials have become court room melodramas. fapt. Schepers Named BMC Works Officer The assignment of Capt. Rob ert W. Schepers as public works officer of the Potomac River Naval Command was announced yesterday. He replaces Capt. J. W. SHllman. Before reporting to his new berth, capt. Schepers was force civil engineer on the staff of the commander-in-chief Os the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterra nean Naval Forces In London for two years. His new offices will be in the Naval Gun Fac tory. Capt. Schepers formerly served as public works officer haw from September, 1950. to October, 1962. He also served haw as director of the en ' gineering division of the Joint Chiefs est Staff from August, 1048. to June, 1949, and as di rector of the engineering divi sion, Bureau of Yards and Docks i from July, 1040, to August, 1950. Capt. Schepers and his wife live at 1717 G street N.W. -f, Bfi, Hang. Fletcher Knebel— Potomac Fever Ike spends Christmastime in Augusta. Like most Os us at this season, time is probably the only thing he’s got left to spend. •e • e Europe is buffeted by the worst storm in years. There’s not much of a blow over here. Congress doesn’t meet again until January 5. •* * e A U. S. Court of Appeals rules that the U. S. Communist Party is run from Moscow. Unlike an editor, a judge can always make new headlines out of old news. • » • » Russia agrees to return 27 United States naval vessels they borrowed in World War H. There’s no doubt the comrades are full of Christmas spirit, but we’ll have to wait a few days to see just how full they were. *■ • * * White House intimates put out the Word that Ike will run again. Ike must have a guilt complex—he’s sure asking for a lot of punishment. s • * • * Tito of Yugoslavia and Nehru of India jointly call for "peace ful co-existence.” Nehru favors peace because his country has so many people—Tito because his country has so few. The Legislative Outlook New Congress Evenly Split On More Defense Spending By Douglas B. Cornell Auociated Pr«» Staff Writer A sampling indicates members of the new 84th Congress, caught in a whirlpool of conflicting de sires for economy and for greater military might, are split almost evenly on the question of boost ing defense spending. • Participants in an Associated Press poll lined up this way on This it the third Os « Mritt dealing wish issues in tho new Congress os viewed by tho members themselves in an Associated Press poll. whether such spending should be increased In comparison with the present level 'of about s4l billion a year:’. No, 40; inclined against 1. Yes, 38, inclined for 2. Uncommitted, 54. Total, 135 out of 531. The lawmakers taking a posi tive stand against included 30 Republicans, 10 Democrats. Those definitely favoring an in crease included 31 Democrats, six Republicans and Independ ent Senator Morse of Oregon. They were questioned before this week’s Pentagon announce ment that overall armed serv ices manpower strength will be reduoed by 403,000 in the next 18 months. Not all those who favor put ting more money into defense had specific figures in mind. Those who did mentioned In creases ranging from "slight” to "about 910 billion." Many Non-Committal. What happens in this field in the next Congress obviously hmges largely on those who are unwilling to take a public posi tion at this time or who haven’t made up their minds. Several groups of legislators, in almost equal numbers, said Hotel Harrington ENJOY CHRISTMAS DINNER WITH US! f' $ 1 SBftVID 12 NOON TO 9 P.M. APPETIZER /Choke) Turkey Giblet Soup Helf Grapefruit Fruit Coektoil Fruit JuicO ENTREE (Choice) Roost Turkey, Dressing, Cranberry SoucS Grilled Horn Steak (confer cut) Swiss Steak Roast Sirloin of Beef Coif’s Liver VEGETABLES fctoice) Mashed Turnips Lima Beans Candied Sweets Mashed Potatoes Green Peas Yellow Turnips Broccoli SALAD (Chaiem) Peach Cottage Cheese Hearts of Lettuce (Grated Cheese) , <; (RBptian Dressing) ■ Garden Salad C*l*ry and Olives Sliced Tomoto Solod . " DESSERT /Cheka) Mince Pie , Apple Pie Pumpkin Pie Chocolate Cake BEVERAGE /Cheke) Coffee Hot Tea Milk Cider ' Home-modi roils, com bread and muffins ClMrmft Portions, 45c KITCHEIBRIA Hotel Harrington • 11 th and E Streets N.W. Ato Carte Marts wffl oho he served at tag trim km print the way they vote will depend on what President Eisenhower recommends, what America needs, proof of the needs, the state of international affairs. A few spoke up for stronger atomic defense and twice ah many for more air power. A few members spoke up for the Elsenhower administration’s original Idea, which the 1952 Democratic presidential nomi nee, Adlai E. Stevenson, once described as "a bigger bang for a buck." I- Only two legislators, both House members, spoke of a pos sibility of cutting defense spend ing or appropriations. About two of every three dol lars the Government spends Is classified as, for national secu rity—the armed services, atomic weapons, military aid to United States allies and stockpiling strategic materials. There have been indications that for the next fiscal year, the adminis tration expects to spend $63 billion or $64 billion. Including perhaps $42 billion for national security, Among four men on the Sen ate Appropriations Committee, three were non-committal and one Democrat who didn’t want his name used urged more spend ing. Increases Suggested. Two House Democrats sug gested defense increases of 10 per cent, which would be some $4 billion, and another proposed 5 to 10 per cent. A fourth spoke up for $2.5 billion. Senator Sparkman, Democrat, of Alabama, toe Democratic vice presidential candidate in 1952, said he is for whatever increase "may be required /to rebuild our strength where it has been weakened by the present admin istration. Along similar lines, Constantine Brown — - A Holiday for Civilized Peoples In Communist Russia the Tomb of Lenin Has Replaced The Manger of Bethlehem, Materialism the Magi The annual celebration of Christmas brings to the West era world a pause in the tense business of living, a pause un like that of any other holiday throughout the year. For de spite the inroads of modern commercialization and the tra ditional emphasis on feasting and wassail, Christmas has re tained a fundamental spirit uality unique among all our observances. Whether the individual’s own emphasis on Christmas is formally religious or not. the spirituality is there; the spirit of peace on earth, good will to men persists, and all other considerations become sub ordinate to the all-pervading glow of good fellowship. That such manifestations of social structure as the Yule season play a major part in the formation of a national char acter has been long understood by scholars. The role and function of Christmas in the development of the Western world’s institutions and tradi tions has been of great impor tance in the preservation of the higher values, the moral stand ards and the emphasis on in dividual growth to be found here. It has been a sustaining tradition, based as it is on simple humility in the birth of a child in a stable. And if is abiding evidence that there exists in the free world today a spirituality sufficient to sus tain the democratic institu tions that were born of the same traditions. These days, with more and more of the world’s peoples be- Senator 'Murray, Democrat, of Montana, said spending “should be Increased to toe extent nec essary to provide a completely adequate national defense. Senate Republicans, however, were generally inclined to take a wait-and-see attitude. They remarked that "it all depends upon world affairs," “depends on showing of need,” “I doubt need to increase--perhaps we should reallocate,” and “will put great stock in the recommendations of toe President, Secretary of De fense and Joint Chiefs of Staff.” Radford Reaches Manila MANILA, Dec. 24 OP).—Ad miral Radford, chairman of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff, arrived today from Saigon on a Far East tour. He and Mrs. Radford left immediately for toe mountain resort city of Baguio to be the Christmas guests of United States Ambassador Raymond A. Spruance. *» I ' . .ul V> II ' ■ ~ , . . «v ' If .bus ,ti i, | Mh Iv’,26|RS ** IMMlllillm LIGHTING MU the way TO PEACE May the spectacular beauty ot this B lant tree call atten ||H tlon in our minds and mml MBH hearts ... to the divine promise ... of peace on earth to men of good will |H ... to the responsibility that each of us carry. Our con * §" gratulations to those who have /3I BN*Urn. given their time and effort to Jt , the “Pageant of Peace.” May Its message be beamed to all peopies ... In all lands. KfOHoP : TT. mMm ‘"‘S-hs: AMERICAN Buiidm Association • > '*,;**s£ ' PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND THIRD ST, 1,1.' ..W:'.! u • THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. C. ranwr, rbourkr **, tw . f ing drawn into the darkness . of materialistic * communism, s Christmas has an even greater meaning if the great tradi tions it represents are to be saved for our children’s chil dren. To the Communist, such [ basically religious observances as the Nativity are anathema. They must go, the Reds know, not only because they repre i sent the practical functioning 1 of the church, a prime Com- . ! munist target, but most of all | because they exert a powerful appeal on men’s minds. Christ mas brings an emotional force > to bear on men, an influence not to be tolerated by total!- i tarian and materialistic athe ism organized in a sloganized i police state. Thus, in the areas already subjugated to the dogma of the Kremlin, Christmas and lesSer observances of a spirit ual nature have been roughly brushed aside as mere mani festations of bourgeois deca-, dence. Lenin’s tomb has re # placed the manger of Bethle hem, and quotas, norms and state speed-ups have been sub stituted for the magical mys teries of Noel. The Communists, of course, have been astute enough to recognize that the abolition of such a powerful emotional ap peal as that afforded by the Christmas spirit cannot be abruptly ended without some . thing being provided to take its place. Hie commissars scoff at emotional and moral Students Donate $845 For Annex In Takoma Park Students of the J. N. Andrews Elementary School, Seventh-day Adventist school in Takoma Park. Md„ again have given up the exchange of Christmas pres ents this year to help pay for a recently completed $64,000 addi tion to their school. The 361 students donated some $845, which represented their savings of nickels, dimes and pennies. According to Mrs. Sidney Tymeson, toe school’s principal, this is the'second year that the pupils have relinquished their Christmas presents to pay for the school project. Last year, they raised more than SI,OOO, sufficient to pay for the lot on which the addition was erected. factors as mere superstitious nntifins of no importance to the welfare of mankind. But, scoff as theV may, they ara .demonstrably careful to make 'sure that something is pro vided—or decreed—to make up for the loss of the observ ances they decry. The substitutes, of oourse. are completely unsatisfying te those forced to make them do. But the real menace of com munism has been, ell along, a greater threat to the future than to the present. For when en entire generation has been born and grown to adulthood in an atmosphere devoid of the gentler emotions, when that feneration has known nothin* but slogans repeated by robots over and over again, shaping young minds and hearts ever toward the harsh materialism and utter ebsenee of morals on which commu nism is based, then that gen eration becomes a terrible threat in being. • There is always hope, of course, that the basic nature of mankind will jnot suffer these deceits indefinitely; that the attributes separating men from beasts will triumph in the end. Most of us must hold to this hope as a matter ,of faith, supported in our beliefs by the evidence of history. But history is a long time in the making, and tyranny ruled for interminable times in many areas of the World before the love of freedom was able to assert itself. And in the atomio age, time just doesn’t wait as long as it used to. 5 More Bodies Recovered From Italian Airliner •y rn« Auociated ?r*i» NEW YORK, Dec. 24.—An Italian airliner which crashed into Jamaica Bay off Idlewtid Airport Saturday, with a loss of 26 lives, gave up inore of Its dead yesterday. Divers this morning recovered the bodies of four men and a woman. This raised toe total of those recovered to 17. The five were not identified Immediately. The divers also located a large section of the fuselage and said it probably contained more bodies. The plane, on a flight from Italy, crashed while attempting a landing at Idlewild. Six of those aboard survived. A-7