Evening star. [volume], August 09, 1955, Page A-3, Image 3

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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FULL HOUSE FOR ATOM TALKS—Geneva—This
is the scene as the 72-nation atoms-for-peace con
ference opened in the Palace of Nations yesterday.
ATOMIC
Continued From First Page
energy for larger scale power
production.” he said.
Present indications, he said,
are that the net fuel costs in
all of the reactors being consid
ered—after taking credit for new
fissionable fuel material pro- [
duced at the same time power is
produced—will be low enough to
make nuclear powered electric
ity competitive with coal-pro
duced electricity.
Noting that five American in
dustrial groups are planning a
‘‘more venturesome” program j
than the AEC—that is, by build
ing five full-scale reactors—
Dr. Lane declared that among
experts estimating the economic
prospects for such plants "the
optimists outweigh the pessi
mists.”
Dr. Lane's over-all conclusion
for his report was that, "taking'
all available economic and tech
nical information at its face i
value, it is evident that the out
look for large-scale nuclear
power in the United States is
very promising.”
The Russian scientists, besides;
saying that their small-sized!
commercial reactor provides a
starting point for nuclear power
development in the Soviet, said;
Russia’s operating experience
with it “may be of help also to
other countries interested in the
wide use of atomic energy for!
peaceful purposes.”
New United State* Process
Three United States scientists
also held out promise for remote
areas with a paper disclosing;
development of a new "boiling
water" atomic process. They
described it as “an important
step toward the economical pro
duction of nuclear power.”
The American experts, from!
the Argonne Laboratories at!
Lemont, 111., said their process;
involved generation of the steam
for the turbines inside the reac
tor rather than in an external 1
boiler. The boiling inside the
reactor previously had been con
sidered unsafe, but the report
said this had been disproved.
A 5,000-kilowatt plant using
the new principle is due to be
In operation at the .Argonne
laboratories by the latter part of
1956.
The American report to the
conference said adoption of the
boiling water principle will sim-
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TABBY CATi gray and white male
weight 20 lbs * years old. Reward
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Pallet, brown, lost in Wnolwo~th'.«
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plify construction and operation
of small atomic power plants
' and will cut the cost of con
struction and operation.
Small plants using this proc
ess. the United States report
added, are "suitable for use in
remote areas or in conjunction
with mining or manufacturing
; operations.”
1 The two Russian scientists
said the 5,000-kilowatt nuclear
plant the Soviets are operating
provides "a real basis for nuclear
power development in our coun
,try.”
They reported that Soviet j
scientists are designing a 100.-
,000-kllowatt plant to use two;
reactors of the same type as in
the first station, as well as “va-;
rious types of atomic power sta-;
tions with a capaoity of 5.000 1
to 100,000 kilowatts and more.” |
Mr. Blokhlnstev and Mr. Ni
kolayev gave this economic pic
ture of the first Soviet atomic
plant:
“The cost of one kilowatt hour
of electric energy produced by
the first atomic power station!
exceeds considerably the aver
age coat of one kilowatt hour in
, powerful • heat <large coal burn
ing) pwwer stations in the USSR.
j Comparison ot Costs
"In 1953 the cost of electricity
in thermal power stations of the
ministry of electric power sta
tions was 10 copecks per kilowatt
hour.
I "However, a kilowatt hour of
atomic station power is com
parable in cost with that of a
similar type low power thermal
!power station (of up to 5,000
kilowatts of power output)."
(At the official Russian quo
tation, 10 kopecks equals 2>i ;
cents. The price of round-the
clock power in the United
States averages between two
fifths and seven-tenths of a
cent per kilowatt hour. How
ever. the absence of any free
rate of exchange in the Soviet
Union, plus the fact that power
production is entirely control
led and financed by the
government in Russia, makes
any accurate power price
comparison virtually impos
sible.)
The Soviet scientists said the
steep cost of their atomic power
was due to “the small size of the
station, to the big outlay in
piece manufacture of fuel ele
ments, to the great consumption
of uranium 235 because of the
small size of the atomic reactor
and also to a number of peculi
arities in the design of a station
aimed at creating greater re
liability of operation."
I “Experience shows these pe
culiarities may be dispensed
| with,” the report added.
Similar to L. S. Reactor*
| The Soviet technicians said
their small working reactor —!
and the 100,000 kilowatt device;
under design are so-called
!“pressurized water-cooled ther
imal uranium-graphite” reactors.
American atomic scientists say
■ this is the same general type
reactor used by the United States
Atomic Energy Commission to
■produce plutonium at Hanford,
Wash. The Hanford reactors
!are not intended to produce com
mercial power, however.
In their report to the confer-
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The conference room is packed with delegates and
spectators.—AP Wirephoto via radio from London.
Private Aid Can't Save
Asia, Experts Agree
By JAMES E. ROPER !
A variety of experts on the
Far East today indorsed the
idea that United States Govern
ment money—instead of private
capital—is needed to save South
east Asia from communism.
! This theme ran through
speeches and discussions at a
■ conference on Free Asia.
|! The Johns Hopkins University
School for Advanced Interna
tional Studies is sponsoring the
j four-day meeting at the Shera
!lton Park Hotel.
! Walter H. Mallory, director
of the Council on Foreign Rela
tions, told the 400 delegates
today that Asians do not have
;the experience, energy or am-;
bitions to use private capital;
to solve all their problems.
Plan Suggested
Ambassador James Barring
ton of Burma called for “sub
stantial” American aid for Free;
Asia, but urged that it be trans- j
mitted through some organiza
tion such as the United Nations.
He said Burma could not accept
gifts under bilateral arrange
ments.
Mr. Barrington acknowledged
that Asian nations have not
welcomed outside private capi
tal. but he Insisted that, anyway,
private capital for such ventures
did not exist.
Ambassador R. S S. Gune
wardene of Ceylon said there is
no chance of Communist expan
sion in the Far East if the anti
communist countries follow the 1
elementary precaution of offering
Asians a better chance of im-;
ence, the Russians said a num-i
ber of other types of reactors can
serve as sources of heat for nu
clear power.
A type known as a “fast neu
tron reactor” ia theoretically a
good bet, they continued. But!
"construction of nuclear power
stations with fast neutron reac-;
tors Is still a remote prospect.”
Buch reactors, they said, re
quire larger initial supplies of
uranium 235 or plutonium than
1 so-called “slow” neutron re
actors.
Uranium Ore
Secrecy Eased
By the Associated Pres*
The Atomic Energy Commis
sion announced today it has
taken the secret label off all 1
technical information on cur
| rently used processes for recover
ing unrefined uranium concen
, trates from ores.
The declassification action,
however, does not apply to the
refinement of the concentrates
into highly purified forms of the
metal essential for atomic wea-,
pons and other nuclear devices.
Neither does it include tech
nical information on any new
and important extraction proc
esses which may be developed.
Dr. John Von Neumann, act-;
lng chairman of the AEC, said
the commission has determined
that the information on early
stage processing of ores no
longer has security sensitivity, j
He added that the AEC has
concluded that declassification
will benefit Its raw materials pro
gram by encouraging private en
terprise to get into the field and
develop better and cheaper
methods.
STEEL
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Alto
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Closed Ever? P*t«rd§? Daring
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j proving their standards of living.
Mr. Mallory said the indigenous
, people of Southeast Asia never
have participated in the manage
ment of competitive, capitalistic
“enterprises, “so the application
[of capital, even if satisfactory;
conditions are created to attract;
, it, will not be enough.”
1 Little Experience
“The end of colonial rule has
left these populations with little
| experience of the free enterprise
systems except to labor in its
lowest ranks for small pay," Mr.
Mallory said, “and there is-very
little evidence of a desire to put
, in the thought and energy which
[ is needed to direct and develop it.”
Mr. Mallory, as the director
lof an independent research
! organization, pictured part of
the Far East's economic troubles',
(as the aftermath of colonialism.
He said countries that had
been colonies rejected part of
[the capitalism that had been
[practiced by their European
[rulers. These same ex-colonies,
[however, did not swing all the
way to communism. He said
the result often has been econ
omies that were partly socialistic
1 and partly capitalistic, with gov
ernment emphasis is constantly
■ j varying and the businessmen
. uncertain of what the future
i might hold.
! Mr. Mallory said some of the
newly independent states had
i found themselves with unbal
anced economies—always based
on raw materials, and frequently
■ keyed to a single commodity
I i whose price could fluctuate
■i wildly.
i Red Atom Meeting
Asks Summit Talks
HIROSHIMA. Japan, Aug. 9
[ —The leftist “world confer
• ence against atomic and hydro
gen weapons" adjourned yester
day after proposing a “summit
[ conference” to include Commu
[ nist China.
The resolution proposed that
the United States, Russia, Brit
■ ain, France, Communist China
and India meet to relax world
tensions.
Other resolutions opposed
“bringing atomic weapons into
Japan" and proposed to remove
the United States Atomic Bomb
Casualty Commission from Hiro
■ shima, which was hit by an
; atomic bomb in World War 11.
I I The conference was attended
by 2,000 Japanese and 21 from
other countries, mostly Commu
• nist nations. The Japanese
. government reluctantly permit
ted the 21 to come to Japan.
First Nepal Elections
To Be Held in 1957
j KATMANDU. Nepal. Aug. 9
c/P).—King Mahendra announced
jin a radio speech yesterday that
■ Nepal’s first general elections
(Will be held in October, 1957.
The Nepalese will elect a lcgis
| lative assembly whose powers and
[ size are yet to be determined.
It may also have the task of
writing a constitution.
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Two Senators
Differ on U. S.
Power Policy
By the Associated Press
Senators Neuberger, Demo
crat, of Oregon, and Watkins,
Republican, of Utah, disagreed
today over the Eisenhower ad
ministration’s water resources
policy.
Senator Neuberger said the
policy can be described as: "The
cream of the power sites for
private utilities, the skimmed
milk for the Government.”
He said this is well illustrated
by President Eisenhower’s sup
port of Federal development of
the Upper Colorado River and
his opposition to a huge Federal
dam at Hells Canyon.
Senator Watkins, in a sepa
rate interview, dismissed as "aj
lot of baloney” contentions tnati
the administration opposes any!
new, big federally built water!
resources projects.
That is proved by its support;
for the Upper Colorado develop-!
ment, Senator Watkins said. j
Praises Site
Senator Neuberger said the
administration was unwilling to 1
budget any funds for a big Hells
Canyon dam although, he as
serted, it would occupy “a mag
nificent site” and generate power
economically.
But the budget did carry
money for the much more ex
pensive Upper Colorado project,
he said adding that it was so
costly "no private utility which
could pass a sanity test would
invest a nickel in it.”
The Oregon Senator said a
high Federal dam at Hells Can
yon, on the Idaho-Oregon bor
der, would cost $357 million and
yield 5.504.000.000 kilowatt hours
of power annually.
The two biggest dams in the
Upper Colorado project would
cost $597 million and produce
4,83 billion kilwatt hours, he said,
adding that the over-all cost of
this development would be $1.7
billion.
The Federal Power Commission
[ last week authorized the Idaho
Power Co. to go ahead with three
privately financed dams near the
Hells Canyon site. This would
knock out a federally built high
dam.
High Cost Conceded
Senator Watkins said It is true
that the Upper Colorado project
would be too costly for private
enterprise, and he added:
"This is the only type of proj
ect we Westerners ask the Fed
eral Government to help on—one
that private financing cannot
■ handle.”
But private utilities will help
support the project by buying the
power produced, he said, adding:
“The whole project will be self
liquidating. We will pay back
every cent of the principal in 50
years, and Interest on 65 per cent,
of it. all but the part that is
used for irrigation."
The Senate passed an Upper
Colorado authorization bill of
slightly more than a billion dol
lars this year. The House In
terior Committee sliced this to
about $760 million, but backers
never called it up in the House
because of uncertain prospects.
Senator Watkins expressed
confidence Congress will com
plete action on a bill next year.
It would benefit Colorado. Wyo
ming. Utah, New Mexico and
Arizona.
Mr. Eisenhower cited his water
resources program last week as
one of the "absolutely vital”
matters not acted on in the 1955
congressional session.
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-Pay Later” Plan! O Nmenaa
<\ I K f
Legislators Are Quiet,
But Capitol Still Hums
By ROBERT K. WALSH
Relatively few employes at
the Capitol feel flustered or
frustrated when asked what, if
any, work they are doing now
that Congress has adjourned.
The pace has slowed and the
din has diminished in commit
tee rooms and members’ offices,
leaving the corridors tempo
i rarily to tourists. Some con
gressional employes have set
i tlqd down to what a House
i member deplored as “a leisure
■ ly. care-free life at the expense
i of the taxpayers.” But most of
those on the payroll give evi-
I dence of having enough to do
to earn their salaries during the
! so-called recess.
I Before the 84th Congress
1 ended its first session a week
ago a Senate-House wrangle
.[over the annual legislative ap
propriation bill aroused appre
hension on that point among
- various Democrats as well as
• Republicans. They warned that
[pay increases and fringe bene
■ fits would lead to costly let
.l downs in congressional employe
[circles while legislators were
lout of Washington, or that
there would not be sufficient
; business to keep people busy
[ until January.
Still Busy
One survey, of course, does
' not make a summer. But the
Capitol and office buildings this
’ week are far from deserted or
■ idle with due allowance for
. the taking of delayed vacations
> and the disappearance of door
i keepers, pages, official reporters
l and others whose tenure ties in
closely with actual sessions.
l Moreover, the surroundings
■ seem certain to become busier by
• September. No fewer than 20
I Senate or House committees al
> ready have mapped investiga
tions. hearings and special
: studies here and elsewhere. And,'
1 whatever may have been done
s or not done In past years, there
, is little chance that the materi
r ally expanded “housekeeping”
! tasks can be swept under any
congressional carpet.
1 The approximately 200 em
• ployes directly under the juris
: diction of the Architect of the
! Capitol would ordinarily have
1 their hands full in routine re-j
1 pair, cleaning and maintenance
operations as well as strictly i
architectural activities.
Plenty of Work
[ Those employes and others are'
taking on such new or enlarged
. tasks as planning for extension.
, of the east front of the Capitol,;
, the once-every-four-years Job of
[painting the interior of the
" dome, air conditioning of rooms
, on the north terrace, further
, conversion of the Capitol power
plant, installation of new eleva
tors, patching of the roof, and
. the preserving of historic paint
i ings in the rotunda and else
i The Capitol policeman can
hardly consider his lot a uni
■ formly happy one despite the
[ easing of tension when Congress
> adjourned. Traffic and tourists
• are always with him, but the
i contingent of Metropolitan po
i lice has been withdrawn until
s Congress comes back.
Predictions of summertime
; laxity centered mainly on the
■ approximately 700 legislative and
custodial employes of the House
and the somewhat smaller group
I in the Senate, as well as the
hundreds of office employes of
• members.
> Contrary to a widespread as
sumption. even at the Capitol,!
i committee staffs are compara
tively small. The House Ap
propriations Committee has by
far the largest with 51 experts
and clerical employes. Other,l
House committees have between j
10 and 13 employes each. Not;
all will be as fully occupied this
summer and fall as the staffs of
the Appropriations and the Ways
and Means Committees. Most of
them, nevertheless, can find a
steady supply of work in pre--i
paring for the next session. |
Get New Duties
'
Employes under the super
vision of the sergeant at arms
or the doorkeeper in House and,
Senate include some messengers,
floor managers of telephones and j
cloakroom attendants who pre
sumably could enjoy a restful
recess. Their number, however,
is small. They are generally as
signed to other duties during the
legislative lull.
In other parts of the Capitol
and the office buildings, mail
must be delivered, telephones i
kept operating and paychecks
and expense vouchers processed.;
That work is not on the scale to '<
which the more than 50 tele
phone operators, and the fewer!
than 100 congressional postal,
cashier and disbursing office
workers were accustomed from
January to August. But there
were no signs or sounds of delay
or deterioriation in such services
today.
Some administrative aides,
secretaries and clerks in the
offices of Senators and Repre
sentatives may get substantial
pay increases because of bigger
allowances in the legislative ap
propriation bill. Some obviously
are working harder than others
! during the congressional recess,
’ either in the office buildings here
1 or in the member’s office in his
■ home district or State.
In general, according to vet
l, eran officials at the Capitol,
• practically every Senator's office
■ and those of most House mem
’ bers now remain open through
[ out the year. Adjournment of
’ Congress offers neither a siesta
’ nor a surcease from the pur
suits of politics and public
. business.
Gordon Dean Asks
A-Bomb Warning
j MEMPHIS. Tenn.. Aug. 9 f/P).
! —Gordon E. Dean, former chair
! man of the Atomic Energy Com
[ mission, proposed a plan yes
terday which “would guarantee
a warning to each side before
'! (atomic or hydrogen devices i are
[used.”
Mr. Dean said. “Since Russia
would be reluctant to destroy
her bombs or give them up to
an international pool or to a
neutral country, it might be bet-i
ter to let her keep them, but
enter into an agreement whereby
United Nations military teams
would take over storage sites
both here and in Russia.
1 “The mission of these custo
' dians would be to see that no
! bomb leaves the storage site. If
' an attempt were made by either
i country to seize the bombs and
load them onto planes for a
sneak attack, a warning of this
fact would be radioed by the
[U. N. custodians to all the'
i world.”
The New York investment
I banker made his comments at the
' Tennessee American Legion con
-1 vention.
Many Lenses Multiple
NEW YORK—About 34 per
[cent of the eyeglasses worn by
Americans today are of the bi-i
■ focal or trifocal variety. I
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, D. C. **
TUESDAY. AUGUST »■ IMS «
Hill Confident 1
Os School Aid |
By J. A. OXEARY
Senator Hill, Democrat of Ala
bama, said today he is confident
a program of Federal aid Jo
school construction will pass at
• the next session of Congress.
| As chairman of the Education
jand Labor Committee, Senator
! Hill will have charge of the sub
ject in the Senate His committee
completed hearings, but did net
[act, on a variety of school aid
bills at the recent session.
The corresponding House com
mittee reported out a four-year
program of Federal aid July 29.
but House leaders did not take it
up for passage before adjourn
ment.
Feared Racial Row
The probability that an anti
segregation fight would develop
on the floor is believed to h*?e
; been one of the factors that dis
couraged the leaders from calling
up the bill in the closing daysT
Senator Hill pointed out tiff* -
the anti-segregation bill was
eliminated from the military
reserve and housing bills, and
said he sees no reason why it
should be raised on the school
construction bill.
But other observers think 'it
will be more difficult to avoid
an anti»segregation amendment
on the school bill, since the Su
preme Court integration decree
dealt directly with schools.
Aid for Teachers
The demand for aid to educa
tion at the next session will not
be confined to construction of
much-needed new classrooms.
Senator Morse, Democrat of
Oregon, has announced he will
introduce a bill at the next ses
sion for Federal aid for teachers’
; salaries.
On the closing night of the
session he gave the Senate fig-,
ures showing there is a shortage
of 135,000 teachers, as well as a
need for 400,000 classrooms.
Senator Hill said his commit
tee also will consider early next
year several health bills, includ
ing another look at the polio
vaccine program. The bill just
passed to aid the States in
providing polio vaccine runs only
j until February.
Gasoline Price War
Reopens at Bristol
BRISTOL, Va.. Aug. 9
Bristol’s second gasoline prlea
war of the summer began yes
terday with popular brands cut
■ by most dealers by three centa
per gallon.
In the first price war two
months ago, prices were slashed
from 32.9 and 34.9 cents a gallon
to 19 9 and 23.9.
Yesterday’s price slashing
the price drop from 29.9 cents for
regular gas to 25.9 before night
, fall.
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Pre-Foil Course
STARTING THIS WEEK
FRENCH
GERMAN-SPANISH
Do Not Be a Beginner in the Fa It
and Save on the Rates Besides
HI BERLITZ SCHOOL of LANGUAGES
I’ 839 17th St. (At Etc) gTerlinc 3-0616
Moving After October J
tint K St. N.W. (at Conn. AviJ j
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