Evening star. [volume], August 17, 1955, Page A-10, Image 10

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
A-10
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. C.
Dutch Revise Geography,
Zuider Zee Vanishing
By LEO HENDRICK i
North American Newspaper Alliance
AMSTERDAM. Aug. 17.—The ]
Dutch are haring to rewrite ,
their geography books to ac- i
count for the land being claimed I
by driving back the sea.
Until recently, one of the first ;
lessons taught the Netherlands t
children was that their nation i
had 11 provinces with 11 cap* ,
itals. Now they are learning that <
there soon will be 12 provinces i
with 12 capitals—the 12th prin
cipal city being Flevostad, built
on the bottom of what was once
a 60-mile-long body of water.
To establish the new state, the j
Dutch today are winning an
other in their historic battles ;
against the encroaching water—
this time eliminating the Zuider
Zee.
The battle first took shape in
1932 when the Zuider Zee, a
finger of the North Sea jutting
downward into Holland as far
as Amsterdam was sealed off
from the North Sea proper by a '
giant dyke. Since then the Dutch 1
have been working feverishly
at their gigantic reclamation 1
scheme, which is now nearing 1
completion.
Behind the dyke, the Dutch !
began to transform the former
"fisherman’s paradise" into a
"farmer’s pride.” They have re- ,
claimed already two "polders"
(areas which have to be pro
tected by dykes against high
water of the sea or of rivers)
with a combined area of 262
square miles—the Wieringermeer
and the North East Polder.
Third Stage Underway
The work on the third polder
of 200 square miles is in full
swing. Several years hence the
Dutch will start on the last two 1
polders, together 382 square
miles.
When all the work is finished 1
Holland’s arable land will have
been increased by 10 per cent, '
and the total area ot Holland
will have grown by 7 per cent. 1
Holland, with its nearly 11 i
million inhabitants is in urgent:!
need of more land, especially ]
for agriculture. In about half a
century the population has i
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doubled from S "million to over
10 million. The density of pop
ulation per square kilometer in
the Netherlands is 297 compared
to 206 in Great Britain 112 in
Switzerland, 19.8 in the United
States and one in Canada.
A famous saying here is that
"God created the world, but the
Dutch created Holland.” Large
areas of Holland are only habit
able at all due to an ingenious
system of civil engineering
works and by the care paid to
the country’s hydraulic system.
Much Below Sea Level
One-fifth of Holland’s 12.850
square miles lives below sea
level and 8,603 squares miles
would be subject to flooding at
storm level, if no dunes, sea and
river dykes gave protection.
In Amsterdam, the control
tower of Schiphol Airport is 14
feet below sea level.
Fighting the sea has influenced
the character of the Dutch. As
far back as the 13th century
they were draining land. Since
that time 2,200 square miles
have been reclaimed.
They first used windmills, and
during the past hundred years,
steam and ignition engines, as
well as electric power. The fa
mous Dutch water nftlls are dis
appearing from the landscape.
The Zuider Zee dyke stood up
against all storms, even the flood
of February, 1953, when in the
south many other dykes were
swept away.
On the monumental tower,
marking the point where the last
opening in the barrier dyke was
closed, is the Inscription: “A na
tion that lives builds for its
future.”
When the present reclamation
work is finished, more than 110,-
000 Dutchmen will be able to live
comfortably and prosperously on
the bottom of the sea—and the
i Inscription on the dyke will have
i been fulfilled to the letter.
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NEW YORK.—Champagnes of
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number of vineyards are blended
jin many champagnes from
| France, making knowledge of
years and vineyards unneces
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