Evening star. [volume], July 11, 1956, Page A-25, Image 25

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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*• • •
DAVID LAWRENCE • . .
' «
When Lawmakers Go the Other Way
Liberals Reported Blaming Eisenhower
Because Congress Cuts Foreign Aid
The so-called “liberals'’ are
having no difficulty nowadays
fixing the blame for the
refusal of Congress to continue
its “giveaways'’ to foreign
countries in as large a quan
tity as before. They are say
ing that President Eisenhower
is culpable. The line taken is
that somehow the President
did not browbeat Congress,
that he did not exercise his
leadership, or that he was sick
or indifferent or something.
But the truth is the sponsors
of bigger programs of foreign
aid are themselves largely
responsible for the failure of
Congress to appropriate as
much as or even more money
than the President requested.
For the palpable propaganda
to get Congress to spend more
money abroad was started a
few months ago by the so
called "liberals” and was car
ried on vigorously by then
auxiliaries here and abroad,
particularly by certain sections
of the press and even by many
members of the New York
clique who have access to the
President. They overplayed
their hand. Members of Con
gress became suspicious and
resentful.
The argument was widely
made that America was too
much concerned with "mili
tary alliances.” that this was
a time to "win men’s minds,"
that what was needed was
something "imaginative" in
the way of foreign policy, that
the United States must not
insist on extending aid to for
eign countries "with strings
attached,” and that the Rus
sians were being successful in
their policies of "competitive
coexistence." Also a lot of
dispatches were coincidentally
sent from abroad designed to
DORIS FLEESON
A Happy Day for Republicans
G. 0. P. Savors News of Eisenhower's
Running and Democrats' Keynoter
Tuesday was happy July 10
lor the Republicans.
The propaganda campaign
to convince President Eisen
hower and the voters that his
ileitis operation was no worse
than a bad cold reached its
planned climax in the offhand
announcement by Senate Mi
nority Leader Knowland that
of course the President would
tun again.
In their morning newspapers
Republicans savored the news
that the Democratic conven
tion keynoter would be Gov.
Frank Clement of Tennessee.
Clement told reporters at the
recent Governors Conference
that his State did not have a
single desegregated school.
The greatest single fear of
Democrats in the coming elec
tion is that the Negro vote in
the pivotal States will desert
them on the civil rights issue.
What happened at the
meeting of the Democratic
arrangements committee is
that the Northerners were
asleep at the switch and the
Southerners out-operated
them. First the Southerners
managed to tie the vote be
tween Senators Kerr and
Humphrey, both satisfactory
to Adlai Stevenson. Then a
compromise was demanded by
the South.
The Northerners are now ex
plaining that they did it for
unity's sake. They also argue
DOROTHY THOMPSON
On the Press and the Cold War
N “ Shepilov Says Relations Will Improve
If We Muzzle Newspapers and Radio
Last week the Soviet For
eign Minister. Dmitri Shepi
lov. responding to questions
put him by foreign correspond
ents at a diplomatic reception,
said he was hopeful of a real
rapprochement between the
USSR and the United States
of America "But," he added,
“an essential condition for
improved relations is to muzzle
the propagators of the cold
war. 1 do not think you can
accuse our press for a con
siderable period of time of
unfounded attacks on the
United States, whereas the
United States press and radio
is still a Niagara of all sorts
of lies and slanders. These
irresponsible elements . . .
should be muzzled. . . ."
The occasion being what it
was, the correspondents could
not ask further questions.
This is a pity.
Sonic this journalist would
like to pul to Shepilov 'him
self a journalist, and for years
editor of Pravda, during the
time that it, now by his own
acknowledgment, made "un
founded attack-" upon the
United States' are:
What do you consider prop
agating the cold war?
Os what specific lies and
slanders do you complain, and
of what specific journalists?
What do you consider to be
the function of the United
States press, and what consti
tutes responsibility?
Who do you uinik should
muzzle it?
As far as I have observed,
all criticism of Soviet Ideology
and Soviet actions at home
anci abroad have been Inter
preted as contributions to the
rold war. without regard to the
veracity of the reports. When
ever a journalist has reported
or interpreted an action or
event in a manner unfavorable
to the Soviets, the immediate
# Action has been to scream:
»
prove that America was "los
ing prestige.”
The Congress, howe ve r,
didn't fall for any of this,
though there were a few
speeches planted here in Con
gress by the so-called "lib
erals" to emphasize their
arguments. Such speeches
were difficult for some of the
Democrats to make because
then own brethren simultane
ously were engaged in cutting
down the President's program
in an effort to put him on the
spot. i
As a matter of fact, if po
litical theory were realistically
applied, the finger of criticism
wqjuld be pointed today not at
President Eisenhower but at
the Democratic Party which
controls both houses of Con
gress. I'he Democratic lead
ers told the Nation in the 1954
campaign that they would co
operate with the Republican
President. The rank and file
of the Democrats, however,
have not followed their own
leadership.
So toaay the song is dif
ferent. Now it's the President
who is said to be at fault "for
not leading vigorously
enough." and it's the Repub
licans m his own party who
are being held responsible by
these critics. Indeed, the Pres
ident is being openly urged to
split with his own parly, to
call his own leaders names,
to "purge” them.
All this overlooks the plain
fact that for nearly twenty
years now no party in Con
gress has been sure of a
majority on important issues
and no President has been
able to "lead" his party in that
sense. The reason is that
there are four ma.ior blocs in
Congress. Both parties are
divided.
that Clement was the first
Goternor of a Southern State
to veto a racial segregation bill.
However. Negro leaders regard
him with extreme skepticism,
a feeling shared by some dis
interested students of State
government.
That the Eisenhower an
nouncement was coming in
some such form as it appeared
has been clear for a long time.
The one and only press con
ference permitted with the
President's ileitis surgeons,
which was held at Walter Reed
Hospital almost before he was
out of the ether, boomeranged.
Friendly newspapers joined in
the comment that this was a
bit too thick and the jokes
about political doctors began to
multiply.
At the same time it trans
pired that the medical litera
ture about ileitis—all written
before the general public. Re
publicans included, ever heaid
of an ileum—contradicted the
rosy optimism of the Presi
dent's doctors. Its net is clear
and positive. Ileitis is a
chronic, debilitating, often pro
gressive disease, with a high
rate of recurrence.
Since then, in striking con
trast to the situation after
the President's heart attack,
the President's doctors have
refused to talk to reporters.
There have been no press con
"Liar, warmonger, stooge of
Wall Street."
Yet. had responsible jour
nalists in the Soviet Union
heeded these reports and ex
ercised the function that we
here attribute to our profes
sion the Soviets might have
been spared the very errors
that they now admit. Further
more. they might have en
countered fewer lies and slan
ders.
These flourish in the dark
ness that produces rumor.
Facts cannot help but be ob
scured where the entire com
munications of a country are
in the hands of official propa
gandists as Shepilov has been
If. a year ago. an American
correspondent, approaching
Shepilov, had said, candidly.
"Much of the bad relations be
tween your country and mine
are due to the atrocities rom
mitted by Stalin." what would
Shepilov have replied?
He would have called the
reports lies and slanders.
Why? Because Stalin had him
muzzled.
In countries with govern
ments of limited powers, a
responsible press has the pri
mary function to ascertain the
facts, to report them accurate
ly. and to draw logical con>-
clusions from them
The journalist is not a
public relations counsellor
and he Is in service to the
truth. Like all other persons
and professions, we are not
infallible. But all journalists
who are free men and worth
their salt, care intensely to
learn the facts and to form
judgments based on them.
Thomas Jefferson regarded
an independent press as more
essential than representative
government. He well under
stood the dangers inherent in
government, and knew there
must be .institutions outside it
that government could not
control, or by and by there
Eisenhower's "leadership.”
for example, isn't a bit more
effective than was Truman's
or Roosevelt's on legislative
issues. Thus, Truman faced
continuously a split Demo
cratic Party on civil rights
and on labor legislation. The
Taft-Hartley Act was passed
over his veto by a coalition of
Democrats and Republicans.
Roosevelt again and again had
the same experience with such
a coalition. It beat his Su
preme Court bill. He tried the
"purge” system—butting into
party primaries—and lost in
almost every instance. Yet
Eisenhower is being urged to
day to intervene in the Wis
consin Republican primary
and thus assure victory for
a Democratic nominee.
As leadership goes, Eisen
hower is doing about as well
as can be expected in deal
ing with a Southern Demo
cratic bloc that is against
Federal aid for education, a
Northern Democratic bloc
that wants it, a Republican
bloc of independents who
vote against "giveaways'’ of
all kinds and a Republican
bloc of administration stal
warts who go along with him
on almost everything.
The internationally
nnnded spenders ought, how
ever. to be happy with the
resuits. They should consider
themselves lucky to get S 4
billion out ot Congress. The
other S9OO million which has
been cut out of the program
will go for armament. The
Air Force enthusiasts will see
to that. and. Incidentally,
isn't it a Democratic Senator
who is leading the fight for
mote and more money for air
power and an unbalanced
budget? One wonders how a
Republican President can ex
ercise "leadership" over Demo
crats in Congress who are
aspirants for the presidency.
(Reproduction Rights Reserved!
ferences: no signed articles for
the newspaper syndicates.
In the former instance, all
the immense prestige of Dr.
Paul Dudley White of Boston,
the heart expert, was put at
the service of the thesis that
the President could run again.
Now. there are only thunders
of silence from the White
House physicians.
Another reason suggests it
self for the backdoor aspect of
the present announcement.
After his heart attack the
President explained his de
cision in a Nation-wide tele
cast in which he candidly dis
cussed his illness and frankly
said there were certain things
no longer possible to him as
President or presidential can
didate. Among them was an
active campaign this fall.
In another telecast to ex
plain his fresh decision he
would be under compulsion to
discuss his own understand
ing of his recent surgery, its
causes and possible course.
This is precisely the point at
which medical literature, the
authority in medicine, con
tradicts the first impressions
given the public and presum
ably to him.
Also the President presum
ably would feel obliged again
to say how much he could or
could not do in the future.
After his second illness, the
public might reasonably be
expected to listen to that
much more carefully than
before.
would be nothing but govern
ment.
Who could muzzle our writ
ers. journals, and radio? Only
the Government, which also
cannot because it is forbidden ;
to do so by the Constitution.
What Shepilov is proposing is
that this constitutional pro
vision should be changed, and
a government he detests, in
principle, should be given vast
ly extended powers. This is not
very clear thinking about rap
prochement.
If continuing the cold war
means that we shall go on
fighting for government of
limited powers, for independ
ent access to all information
of public concern, for the free,
inquiring, critical mind, then
the cold war will continue, the
alternative being unconditional
surrender to totalitarians.
As Khrushchev said in Lon
don. "Don't ask of us the im
possible. Don't ask us to
abandon communism.'’
We answer likewise: Don't
ask of us the impossible Don t
ask us to abandon respon
sibility to factual truth and
freedom of thought.
Reds Hit Activities
Os Youth League
GENEVA. Switzerland. July 11
i/Pi.—The Russian government
told the outside world yesterday
of "serious shortcomings'' in the
activities pf the Young Commu
nist 'Komsomol' League.
Mrs. L. V. Dubrovina deputy
education minister of the Russian
Soviet Republic, reported to the
International Education Confer
ence here that the league—which
has 18 million members—had
produced "resolutions, pomp and
luss" instead of contributing to
the economic development ol Si
beria and the Arctic steppes.
The report hinted the program
for developing the .vast wilderness'
of Siberia with young "volun
teers'' w as not goiilg accoiding to
j
LOUIE . —By Harry Hanan
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~PO TOM AC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL
Ike announces he s running for re-election. He's got proof
he's in good shape, too. He just showed that he can twist his
own arm.
Sc # * * *
Thirty-six-ycar-old Gov. Clement bf Tennessee is the
"imocratic keynoter. He 11 recall those awful days of the Herbert
Hoover depression—w hen he never knew where his next pair of
rompers was coming from.
* * S' *
Two kinds of women cry at weddings. Those who aren't
married yet—and those who are.
Sc Sc S' *
With Ike convalescing at Gettysburg and Nixon stirring
debate on his round-the-world trip, the Eisenhower-Nixon
ticket has a new title: The Ileum and the Odyssey.
* * ¥ *
Harry Truman and Adlai Stevenson agree the Democrats
will "win in a walk.” When politicians talk of walking instead
oi running, look out. There's a great “moral victory” on the way.
Sc S' Sc Sc
An American political party finally comes of age in foreign
affairs when its leaders realize that foreigners are never going
to like them any better than the opposition at home does.
* S' S' *
Republican leaders are overjoyed Ike will run. They prefer
a man of their own party in the White House—so they won't
have to fight with a stranger.
Reds Call Zanuck Bid
For Stalin Data 'lnsult'
PARIS, July 11 i/P),—Ameri
can Movie Producer Darryl F.
Zanuck said yesterday the Soviet
Union has turned down as “in
sulting” his request for infor
mation and help in filming
Stalin’s crimes.
Mr. Zanuck is in Spain in con
nection with another film. His
press representative here released
the text of a note received from
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the Soviet cultural attache in
Washington.
The note said the Soviet Min
istry of Culture found Mr. Za
nuck’s “proposal about co-oper
ation in making a film called
'The Secret Crimes of Joseph
Stalin’ insulting.” It added:
"This proposal caused in the
ministry a great deal of indig
nation. Please be informed that
i the ministry does not intend to
carry out any negotiation with
i you about the question.”
CONSTANTINE BROWN .
Hammarskjold and Red China
He Calls It Abnormal That Peiping,
Declared Outlaw, Is Not in U. N.
During his visit to Moscow.
Dag Hammarskjold. secretary *
general of the United Nations,
declared emphatically that it
was "abnormal” that the Chi
nese Peoples' Republic was not
a member of the U. N.
There have been many state
ments to that effect from *he
Soviet leaders. Prime Minis
ters Eden and Nehru. Marshal
Tito. France’s Foreign Min
ister Pineau and many “lib
eral" groups in this country.
But the statement of the
U N. official is truly remark
able. He represents no par
ticular country and should
have no other policy than that
of the world organization
whose charter is based pri
marily on international
morality.
The U. N. declared Commu
nist China an outlaw by an
overwhelming vote in 1951. At
no time since has the People's
Republic purged or attempted
to purge itself of that censure.
Many individual countries
have changed their views for
the sake of political expediency
in the five years that have fol- .
lowed that censure. But the
U. N. as an international body
has not reversed itself in its
denunciation of the Peiping
regime as an international
outlaw. Yet the head of that
organization took it upon him
self during his visit to Moscow
to vindicate Communist China
by stating that, the existing
censure notwithstanding, she
should be admitted to the
ranks of the so-ealled "peace
loving" nations.
It may be that international
morality is a thing of the past
—like the horse and buggy or
mustache cups. It may be that
expediency has now become
the main guidepost in interna
tional affairs. However, even
expediency, which we ourselves
have practiced since the end
of World War 11, has its limi
tations—not necessarily be
cause it is more than often
immoral but because in the
long run it does not pay divi
dends.
What would our people have
said if the FBI. having trou
ble catching up with Dillinger,
had sent J. Edgar Hoover to
talk things over with the gang
ster and. accepting his word
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. C.
that he would behave himself,
suspended prosecution efforts?
The parallel is not as far
fetched as it may appear. The
gang headed by Mao Tse-tung.
Chou En-lai and Chu Teh is
guilty of even greater crimes
toward the civilized world and
the U. N. than was the late
American public enemy No. 1.
Since the condemnation of
the so-called Chinese “Peo
ple's Republic.” its leaders
have been guilty of wanton
murders and unbelievable
cruelties against prisoners
' from the U. N. armies. Yet
the chief of that world organ
ization, whose charter is based
on the highest humanitarian
principles, said on July 5 in
Moscow that he considers
“abnormal" the fact that
Communist’ China is not one
of the meipbers.
That our close ally, Britain,
should have taken a path
away from international mo
rality is understandable in this
day and age. The London
government was prompted in
its recognition of Red China
less by the desire to pick up
a tew hundred millions in
trade than by the anxiety to
keep the Commonwealth to
gether. And the Indian sub
continent appears to Sir An
thony Eden far more impor
tant in this scheme than Aus
tralia. New Zealand and South
Africa which share our point
of view on the Peiping regime.
Hence, the British Prime Min
ister's concurrence with
Nehru's policy of accepting
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Communist China into the
U. N. at the earliest moment
after our elections are over.
What is surprising is that
some prominent persons and
groups in this country should
espouse the Peiping cause.
We have suffered at the hands
of the Chinese Communists
far more than the rest of our
associates in the war in Korea.
As a result of the summit
meeting, we have begun dip
lomatic discussion with the
Chinese Communists for the
sole purpose <so the official
version says* of freeing the
remainder of our prisoners
still kept in dungeons in
China. The conversations be
tween Ambassador Johnson
and Red China’s Wang have
gone on for nearly a year.
And even these talks, intended
to bring the Chinese Commu
nists within the international
law< on the matter of prison
ers of wai, have proved their
bad faith. They liberated some
but kept the rest with the
intention of blackmailing Sec
retary Dulles into meeting
formally with Chou En-lai.
Such high-level talks would
further raise the prestige of
the Peiping regime and help
open the doors to Red China's
admission to the U. N.
Despite the crimes of the
Chinese Communists against
their people and ours. Dulles
is frequently criticized in inner
circles of the administration
for lus "stubbornness.” It ap
pears that an epidemic of ex
pediency in the remaining free
countries has contaminated
some df our own political
thinkers.
A-25