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footing f&faf With Sunday Morning Edition WASHINGTON 4. D C. Published by THE EVENING STAR NEWSPAPER COMPANY Samuel H. Kauftmann, President Beniamin M. McKelway, Editor MAIN OFFICE: 11th St. ana Pennsylvania Ava <4l NEW YORK: 342 Madison Ava (17) CHICAGO: 221 N La Sails St (1) DETROIT New Center Building 12) SAN FRANCISCO: Russ Building 14) LOS ANGELESi 612 S Flower St 114) EUROPEAN BUREAU PARIS FRANCE: 21 Rue De Bern ■" ' * Delivered by Carrier Evening and Sunday Sunday Evening Monthly 193 Pei Issue .20 Monthly 1.30 Weekly .43 Weekly 30 Night Final and Sunday 2.00 Night Final Only 140 Rates by Mail—Payable in Advance Anywhir* in th* United State* Evening and Sunday Sunday Evening 1 veer 20.00 I year 12.00 I year 18 00 6 months . 14.50 6 months .... 6.50 6 months .. 925 9 months .... 7.50 3 months .... 3.50 3 months .... 4.75 1 month ... 2.60 1 month 1.50 1 month .... 2.00 Telephone! STerling 3 5000 Entered at the Post Office t Washington O C. as second class mai* matter Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use tor republicotion of all the local newt printed in this newtpoper as well as A P news dispatches A-18 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16. 1557 Disarmament and Hope Hope may well spring eternal in the human breast, but there certainly is little to nourish it in the field of International disarmament. And the primary reason for this is that the Kremlin, for more than a decade past, has persistently talked around the subject and otherwise obstructed any and all proposals calcu lated to promote real progress toward a genuinely effective system of regulation and control. What we seem to have here is one of the fixed and dreary realities of our time. Year after year, whenever the Issue comes up before the United Nations, Moscow’s representatives lose no time in throwing cold water on efforts to arrive at some acceptable and safe agreement. The latest example of this has been sup plied by Soviet Delegate Vasily Kuznetsov. In response to our latest American dis armament plan, and despite repeated in structions from the chairman of the U. N. Political Committee that he stick to the subject, he has offered not much more than a totally mendacious and non germane harangue accusing our country of an “aggressive” and “imperialist” plot against the Middle East. Regardless of Mr. Kuznetsov, how ever, the American plan cannot be brushed aside or ignored; nor will it be by the overwhelming majority of the U. N. For it presents a formidable chal lenge to the Kremlin to promote world peace by co-operating in an effort to achieve the following: (1) An agreement under which the future production of all fissionable materials would be stockpiled and used—under effective international supervision—exclusively for nonmilitary purposes; (2) arrangements, pending such an agreement, to limit, control and ultimately eliminate nuclear tests; (3) specific and early moves to reduce and regiftate conventional arms and armed forces of every kind; (4) special measures (designed to insure that the development of earth satellites, intercontinental mis siles and other “outer space” instruments will be undertaken solely for peaceful and scientific purposes, and (5) a “reliable in spection” system, including reciprocal aerial surveillance, to protect all nations against the great danger of surprise attack with either old or new weapons. This contemplates a step-by-step estab lishment of an inspection system, and is a modification of our former position. In presenting these proposals, Am bassador Lodge, our chief delegate to the U. N., has convincingly argued that their adoption would render vital service to the collective security and the economic well-being of all mankind. First, they would reverse the present deadly trend toward ever-growing stockpiles of nuclear weapons. Next, they would lighten the costly burden of armaments and make possible improved standards of living everywhere. And finally, by safeguarding against surprise assaults, they would re duce the danger of war, ease tensions, promote mutual trust among nations, and thus facilitate settlement of the great political disputes that now divide the world and menace its very survival. Up to now, however, the men of the Kremlin have rejected the indispensable condition that there must be an ironclad agreement on an adequate international policing system. All they have assented to is inspection of a sort that would be much too limited to be effective. Yet, we and like-minded nations must keep on striving to persuade them to join in a real disarmament program. Otherwise, the weapons race will continue to gather momentum toward an explosion that could literally obliterate the entire civilized world. The Self-Made Type The exceptional figure in the Holly wood star gallery is the one who escapes the machine-made label. Such a one was Humphrey Bogart. Over a period of more than 20 years, Mr. Bogart scorned the publicity process at which the film studios are so slickly perfect. He preferred, he made it emphatically and sometimes profanely clear, to be that most admirable of Americans, the rugged Individualist. This attitude began when Mr. Bogart in the late 30s took to Holly wood an admirably Indifferent face at a time when the fashion was the sculptured leading man. What he had to sell was on the inside, a solid craftsman in the profession of acting, a solid personality in the man called Humphrey Bogart. It is an inter esting commentary on Mr. Bogart's career that he could play so compulsively an endless array of corrupt characters while remaining incorruptibly himself In a milieu as treacherous to the s-ls as Hollywood. Delayed Justice Measured by the yardstick proposed by the Executive Committee of the At torney General’s Conference on Court Congestion, many of the Federal courts of the country—and particularly those in the New York area—are falling far short of dealing out satisfactory justice in civil cases. The committee, concerned over the “inordinate” delays in trying cases, expressed the belief that more than a six-month spread between the filing and disposition of a civil case “should be considered excessive.” Yet a survey by the Attorney General’s Conference has revealed that in some circuits delays are counted in years, rather than months. Locally, civil cases are coming to trial before a jury about 22 months after being put on the calendar. The committee agreed with other legal groups which have studied the prob lem that such protracted litigation often defeats the cause of justice and casts dis credit on the Federal courts. “Excessive delay,” the committee reported, “may result in the denial of reparation for wrongs.” For when the months stretch into years, memories of witnesses are apt to grow hazy, or essential witnesses may die or disappear, or the principals them selves may die. The committee declared that effective action must be taken soon to arrest this “deterioration” of justice and restore public confidence in prompt and efficient jurisprudence. Among remedies suggested were leg islation to require Federal judges to hand over their administrative duties to younger jurists when they reach 70, ex pansion of the judiciary by 35 district judgeships and two circuit judgeships, designation of retired judges as “senior judges” who would be available for special duty on the bench when needed, wider use of pretrial procedures and law school emphasis against dilatory tactics by lawyers. All of these undoubtedly would help to reduce the heavy backlog of civil cases. More attention to their responsi bilities by some judges who may not be shouldering a fair share of the load probably would help, also. Gomulka's Worry Wladyslaw Gomulka, the Independ ence-minded chief of the Communist Party in Poland, is openly and under standably worried about the possible out come of next Sunday’s parliamentary elections in that country. What he fears is that the vote, reflecting the peo ple’s great economic distress and their overwhelming anti-Soviet sentiment, may heavily damage the prestige of his regime. This fear is based on solid reasoning. Although Mr. Gomulka himself appar ently continues to be a popular hero because of his past resistance to the Kremlin, the predominantly Catholic Poles loathe communism per se. And on Sunday, although they will be able to vote only for single lists of candidates, they will have a chance to express their feelings. They will have such a chance because now, for the first time since the end of the war, the lists will give them at least a little freedom of choice: They will be at liberty to cross out the names of some prominent Communists and give their support to certain non-Communists who have been permitted to run. Or perhaps, instead of voting at all, great numbers of Poles will simply abstain and thus demonstrate their con tempt for Communist, rule—a develop ment that would be a shocking departure from the customary Red election “victo ries” that show almost 100 per cent of the electorate backing the party candi dates. There is no likelihood, of course, that the Warsaw regime will be over thrown on Sunday, but large-scale ab stentions and a widespread crossing-out of names on the single-list tickets may well do serious damage to its standing and make It harder for Mr. Gomulka to walk his tightrope between domestic and Soviet pressures. . So it is not surprising that Mr. Go mulka has been displaying nervousness and issuing appeals to the Polish Com munists to get out the vote and pressure it into supporting all the preferred Red candidates. By indirection, moreover, he has suggested that Poland itself may suf fer if his regime is discredited by a rela tively small turnout of the electorate or too many dissenting ballots. Maybe he Is right in that sense. The Poles, in any case, have reason to feel uneasy about the durability of the slight degree of in dependence that the Kremlin is supposed to have granted them in recent weeks. Nuclear Magic Another striking measure of the mag ical nature of nuclear engines is the fact that the Nautilus, the world’s first atomic submarine, has traveled more than 50,000 miles in the past two years on a single charge of fissionable fuel—the same load of fuel that it had on board when it became an operating reality on January 17, 1955. Judging from some past calculations of the Atomic Energy Commission, a diesel-powered submarine of comparable size would have needed in the neighbor hood of 2 million gallons of oil to travel in excess of 50,000 miles, or enough oil to fill about 200 tank cars. Byway of comparison, the atom-driven Nautilus, whose revolutionary performance has ex ceeded the Navy’s highest expectations, has cruised as far as it has with an incredibly small load of uranium fuel, which is only now going to be replenished for the first time. This is something that speaks for itself as an explanation of why our coun try is building or planning to build 17 additional nuclear vessels, including sub marines and an aircraft carrier. Here, too, is further eloquent evidence of the atom’s immense potentialities in terms of industrial power and other uses for the good of all mankind. Sue 'George ... Is There Something on Your Mind?' LETTERS TO THE STAR Davis Report X cannot help but feel that the four Southern Congress men who authored the Davis Report have done a distinct service to this country, but not intentionally I’m afraid, and certainly not the service they intended. These gentlemen have given excellent publicity to some things that sociologists and other experts have been try ing to spotlight for years, namely, the potentially disas trous effects of segregation, to say nothing of the tremendous cost of supporting it. Although the motives of the Southern gentlemen were certainly not the purest, the information, actual and implied, t to be gained from this report is significant. Before we pro ceed, however, it will be neces sary to destroy any illusion that the conclusions of the Congressmen are noncomitant with any facts brought out. The report itself is a shame less distortion of these few facts, and is loaded with pre judice, ridiculous conclusions, and presumptuous statements of personal opinion, designed to give the ring of truth to the report as a whole, and its “recommendations." It is propagandising at the lowest level. The old trick of sprink ling misleading statistics throughout a piece of prop aganda in an attempt to es tablish its credibility has been shamefully used in this re port, and it is my hope that the public will see through it. The initial proposition that these men supposedly started out to demonstrate was that the “sudden” integration of the Washington schools has had undesirable effects, created problems, and caused readjustments in the setup of classes, to the detriment of all students concerned. But, the conclusion that they had "de cided” to reach beforehand was that integration began “too abruptly," could not be contained, and resegregation was the only solution. When someone sets up a conclusion then begins select ing and tailoring information to attempt “proof” of that conclusion, he is merely dem onstrating the complete worthlessness of both hi s method and his information. The basis of all scientific in vestigation is diametrically op posed to such a method. Such methods have been used by tyrants, bigots, and propa agandists since time began. Now let us glean some facts from this report and see for ourselves just what logical conclusions are apparent: A number of white residents are moving out of the metro politan district. Conclusion: In Itself, no valid argument against integration. Some teachers have some problems on their hands and some feel unable to cope with them. Conclusion: In itself, no valid argument against inte gration. but rather a reflection on the system and some of its personnel. There has been an increase in some behavior problems. Conclusion: Based on experi ence, such fluctuations occur in any major regrouping. No valid argument against inte gration. Some students are Integrated on levels not commensurate with their learning to date. Conclusion: Based on experi ence, such disparities occur in any major regrouping. No valid argument against inte gration. J. F. Byrd. f Attacks Income Tax Income tax forms become mor'> intricate and lengthier, to entrap further even the honest taxpayer. Where Is this nonsense going to end? Even the former chief, T. Coleman Andrews, termed it a "wicked, iniquitous thing.” We call upon Congress to put an end to this perversion of law and justice. A national sales tax would be timely. The revenue would be the same, and the 40,000 agents of the Revenue Bureau, whose sal aries the poor taxpayer bears, would be cut sharply. Or, a tax at the source of production would be easier to administer. This would be passed on to the Pen names may be used if letters carry writers' correct names and addresses. All letters are subject to conden sation. ultimate buyer. But is there anyone who would not prefer to pay his tax in simple doses, than in payroll deductions, plus a possible later extortion? American Justice. 'Airport Dawdling ' Your January 5 editorial. “Airport Dawdling,” contained a reference to the Burke site for a proposed airport which is misleading in its implication and could give a false impres sion of the status of the Burke proposal, to those not familiar with the facts. I refer to the last paragraph of the editorial, which reads, in part "... another airport, either at the Government owned Burke site or elsewhere close to the city.” Actually, the Government owns approximately 1,030 acres of land at the proposed Burke site isee Report on Washing ton Supplementary Airport, U. S. Department of Com merce. December 1955, p. 32). and the form of the holding makes it anything but an air port site. It consists of 64 parcels, widely scattered, and ranging in size from approxi mately 150 acres 'only two this large) down to a fraction of an acre. The original estimated acreage requirement was 4,200 acres for the airport proper, plus 320 acres for an access road, making a total of 4,520 acres. The latest request for funds, on which the Senate Appropriations Committee took no action in the closing days of the last Congress, in cluded an estimated acreage requirement of 5,400 acres in ail. So the Government, in stead of owning an airport s.te. actually owns a little less than one-fifth of an airport site —19 per cent, to be a little more exact. Ernest W. Reisner, Chairman, Homeowners Op posed to Jet Airport in Fairfax County. Johnny's Reading I have laughed up my sleeve at all the fuss about “Johnny’s reading.” As a first-grade teacher near Boston over 50 years ago. I had 60 pupils divided into three groups of 20 each. The “phonetic" system enabled these children to be reading in two months, and before long they could sound out the hard words in the newspaper. There was no difficulty for "Johnny"—it was all as nat ural as playing a game. I’ve often longed for an other chance to teach "Johnnies” to read. F. S. C. Hungarian Aid Our acknowledgment and thanks are overdue for the ar ticle you published in Decem ber about our group, and we can only as’.: your indulgence on the grounds that since the date of its publication this committee has had its hands full tending to the needs and resettlement of thousands of Hungarian refugees who have passed and are still passing through its hands. We are very proud of the response that the American public has made to our appeals for help with which to carry out this work. The need for such help continues, especially in view of the fact that the President of the United States has increased the quota of Hungarian exiles who arc to be brought to this country and who will, therefore, need as sistance in finding homes and opportunities for work. Angler Biddle Duke, President, International Rescue Committee, New York City. Kin Wherever water flows Continuously proceeding, Wherever one bird flies Exuberantly speeding, There, evermore, am I. Being kin of moving things, All onwardness of water, All onwardness of wings. Jan* Merchant Invite Ben Gurion? In order for President Eisen hower to receive a complete and unbiased view of the Arab- Israeli dispute,, it seems abso luately necessary that follow ing the visit of King Saud of Arabia, President Eisenhower should invite Premier Ben Gu rion of Israel—so that the Is raeli side of the problem can be heard too If our Government hesitates to invite the Premier of Israel to visit this country out of fear of Arab resentment, then the impartial status of the United Hates will be in ifieop ardy in the eyes of the world. As a result the Eisenhower Middle East plan could in no way even strut to bring about peace in that part of the world because we could not be looked upon by Israel as an unbiased arbiter. m. I. Take Over Hungary? Several thousand Hungar ian nationals have already been admitted to this country, while a large number still in Europe are reported as rioting over the delay in transporting them across the sea. It might be a good idea to let down all immigration bars * to the people of Hungary, per mitting as many as desire to become American citizens. In return for this favor that bit of real estate known as Hun gary, strategically situated in a cornc-r of Europe where wars are fomented every century, could bs transferred to the complete control of the United States of America. If the United States must be em broiled in the affairs of Europe, Africa and Asia, and continue to feed, house, clothe and pro tect the suffering populations, a base for the maintenance of troops in the heart of a troubled area would seem to be the best assurance in dis couraging any overambitious foreign power which seeks to gain territory and enslave the people of weaker nations. Roy L. Barrows. '7. R .' Memorial Authorization by the Theo dore Roosevelt Centennial Commission to build a memo rial on Theodore Roosevelt Island seems to me a down right waste of money. Discounting the fact that most Washingtonians have never been to the island, a much more worthwhile me morial to a great man would be an elementary school to his memory, or e school for handicapped children. T. R. was a sickly bov himself, and. of all things, another statue seems most unnecessary. S. Florence Franklin. Critic to Critic The criticism of Edith Piaff’s concert by Day Thorpe was offensive. He seems to overlook the fact that the perfqfmance was advertised, not as a ballet or a Horowitz concert, but as "Edith Piaff and Comnany.” Possibly he. and very few others who were there, ex pected anything else but what was heard, namely, songs of Paris and the French people by this great artist. Surely. Piaff was at her very best and none of us have ever before been treated to such wonder ful renditions of these typical songs. His criticism was not only unfair but was unkind. He really owes an apology to Miss Piaff and to the 99.99 per cent in her audience who went all the way to France with Miss Piaff and enjoyed every min ute of it. Certainly, his Inference that a tap room would be a more fitting place for Piaff than Constitution Hall, demos, on its face, his genuine ability to judge good from bad in the field in which he is considered. To use the vernacular, Piaff paid for the hall and there fore is entitled to the full use of all of it, which not only in cludes the completely thrilled audience who went to see and hear her, but also a fair and objective reporting from those critics who were given free ticket* by the management for this purpose. Mr. Thorpe didn't give her that. Dermot A. Nee. VISTAS IN SCIENCE By THOMAS R HENRY Classic Account of Birdwatching Conjugal devotion appar ently reaches its ultimate in a family of grotesque African birds. These are the hombills, found sometimes in large flocks in the East African jungles. They are animals the size of small turkeys, with enormous beaks. The curious instinctive be havior of the female renders them unique, even in the feathered race where matri monial and maternal devotion sometimes passes belief. Before laying her annual quota of two eggs she walls herself with mud, collected by the male, into a hole near the top of some high jungle tree. There one of the eggs— apparently seldom both—is hatched and the chick reared. The female continues this vol untary imprisonment for two months or more. There is always a small aperture in the wall. Through this the foraging male passes food to his imprisoned mate, usually about once a day. Food consists of fruits and seeds. Some times he brings her what apparently are playthings to relieve the monotony of hatch ing and chick rearing. Hornbills Loyal A comprehensive report on the behavior of these grotesque birds in the Mpanga Research Forest, near Entebbe, Uganda, by Lawrence Kilman of Bethesda, Md„ has just been published by the Smithsonian Institution. The account is a classic of bird-watching. Hornbills mate for life and apparently their conjugal life is a model of high morality for the whole animal kingdom. Walled into the tree holes, the females obviously are helpless to protect themselves against any infidelity and, sad to say. there are vampire female hornbills in the jungle whose only thought is to steal some imprisoned lady’s spouse. In the case observed by Mr. Kilham. however, the male preserved his virtue to the end. “Ey November 8,” he re cords, “the female was walled in and a serious attempt at interference was made by a foreign female. She was fol lowing the male and alighted in the nest tree when he alighted above his nest hole. On November 23 the same sequence of events took place, except that the male was less tolerant. He fed his own mate, then drove the intruder away. A week later I saw her fly in close behind the male and light 25 feet from the nest hole. The male gave his mate a piece of bark, followed by some fruit, and then bounced from one branch to another toward the foreign female. THIS AND THAT By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL Templeton Jones has been communicating with Outer Space. After listening for two solid hours in the middle of the night to radio station WOR, which presented several long talking gentlemen telling what they know about spacemen, Jones came to the following conclusion: That addicts of the flying saucers are, in the main, di vided into two groups: One group makes certain claims. The other group says the claims are either completely false or at least well worth looking into with cool, cal culating eyes. Somebody is always disput ing what you say. and you. in your turn, argue that the other fellow is either wrong, or mis taken, too. ** * * Jones listened to a disc, made from a tape, purnorting to bf taken down from some intelligence in Outer Space. It sounded very much like something you might hear on a small radio set when the in coming signal is not clear. It was then cut down to one-fortieth the speed re ceived. In this version it sounded suspiciously like a modification o the old hootchie-kootchie dance heard in small dog-and pony shows at the turn of the century. "Sounds oriental, doesn't it?” said the expert, triumphantly. “The oldest music in the world,” he went on. “Ancient Hindu music.” The man intimated that this was highly satisfactory, since it gave the experts some thing to dig into. If the little men from Outer Space had spoken clearly in English, he said, he would have been suspicious. But since they resorted to some kind of a code, they made sense to him. since they gave him and his fellow experts something to get their teeth into. ** * * The question of why so many communications from the beyond were in English he answered satisfactorily, at least to himself. “These beings,” he said, “al ways spenk in the language of the country in which they come down.” Temp Jones, listening pa tiently, thought this remark ably satisfactory, and difficult to dispute, indeed. He heard about the rumors that Washington was in com munication with the little men, and that these had been seen visiting the State Department with hairy ears, easily seen, though their hats were pulled down over them. The man on the air (hu man* said it wasn't easy to call these anything but rumors, really, since It was difficult to pin anybody down, something "The poor fellow was falling, falling, but—the female with in the nest screamed a num ber of times. I wondered If the interloper would seduce the male, but from subse quent observations It seemed unlikely that she would. The male returned again to the nest hole, and a few minutes later was in the upper part of the tree, knocking about on dead branches until he dislodged a piece of bark. He clamped his bill on the bark until it was largely frag mented. Then he moved towards the foreign female. If he presented the bark <a cherished play object among hornbills) one would suppose she had some attraction for him. "After a moment, however, he changed his direction and flew down to the big limb be low, bent over the nest hole and gave the token to his mate, accompanied by a feed ing chuckle. Subsequently he returned to the perch quietly, within eight feet of the in truding female, and the two of them flew away together. "Eut as the nesting season progressed he became less tolerant of her intrusions. On my next visit, a week later, I watched her fly in behind the male, and alight on the nest tree, making considerable noise. The male stopped feed ing his mate, swooped at the interloper, and drove her down to the ground. When he flew away she followed a short distance behind.” Protects Nest The vampire was hard to discourage. A few days later she was observed at the en trance to the nest, trying to break the wall with her beak. Probably there was a sex mur der case in the making. But — “In a few minutes the male arrived, drove the foreign fe male to another tree, flying at her so hard that he knock ed leaves from intervening branches. He returned to his nest with a small stick held like a cigar. His mate, who had remained silent, now be gan wailing screeches. The in truding female, persistent as usual, had followed the male back to his nest. He flew at her again, flying faster than hornbills usually do as he chased her from tree to tree.” But his ordeal of bachelor hiDod was nearly over. Five days later mother and young emerged from the nest. “The pair of hornbills perched side by side on the nest tree. Not long after I heard a great flutter of wings. I looked back to see both members of the pair pursuing the foreign female. When the parents came back later she did not follow.” run into by all persons who set out to check cn hearsay. It is difficult, indeed. No. they say, thev didn’t actually see the little hairy men, but they were told this by a cousin who said he got it from somebody who had seen them. *** * • Templeton Jones, lying in his little bed at 4 a.m., thought of something Michael de Mon va’gne wrote long ago. If, he said (as well as Jones could remember it) deity were present in the world, it would be everywhere manifest. No one could doubt it for an in stant, neither the saints nor the sinners, the believers or the scoffers. It seemed to Jones that if there were flying saucers, filled with little men eager to help the human world, all they would have to do would be to come down and say, “Well, here we are!” They would, of course, be surrounded in 10 seconds by a crowd, which included two agents for movies, seven for book rights, and 100 for tele vision performances. Since they woulc talk in perfect American, with the very latest colloquial phrases an ' slang words, nobody would believe a thing they said. The listeners would all be listening for the gimmick. So would the police. “You are supposed to be lit tle,” Capt. O’Leary of 19th Precinct would say. "An’ you ain't got no hairy ears ” Lieut. Mulligan would insist. "Suppose.” interjects O'Leary, “you come with me. Make way, there.” It was time for Templeton Jones to turn his radio off and go back to sleep. This Outer Space business makes a fellow sleepy. Questions and Answers BY THE MASKIN’ SERVICE A reader can eet an answer by mall to anv factual question by wrttlng The Evening Star Information Bureau. r.'OO Eve 6t N W Waehlntton ft. D C. Please inclose 3 rents for return noataae Q. What are this country’s chief exports to Canada?— o. s. A. Machinery and vehicles make up about 40 per cent of the total. Metals, manufac tured products, petroleum products, chemicals, and vege table food products are also important exports. Q. What breeds of dogs are preferred for training as pro tection dogs for use in stores and businesses? J. U. A. Dobermans and German Shepherds are the most popu lar breeds for this purpose, though Airedales and Dalma tians are also giving good serv ice. It takes at least 6 months to train these “protection dogs.’* •