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A-4 THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. C. TOMMY. TOLY l»M «fc *W SV ? “ ■■ W:,Lw -,tl k» W V jM A PARTING IN PARlS— Secretary of State John Foster Dulles bids goodbye to French Premier Charles de Gaulle (left) after their formal conference yesterday. At left between them is United States Ambassa dor Amory Houghton.—AP Wirephoto via Radio from Paris. Missile Age Heralds New Role for NATO Continued From First Pace - Bp the capabilities of STRIK FORSOUTH some nagging questions are apt to linger in the reporter’s mind. They are raised in large part by the troublesome old issues that have troubled western leaders from the beginning: The dis tressing statistical comparisons of the forces of the East and the West, the disputes between member nations which some times threaten to bring the whole structure down in ruins, local variations of will that range from supine resignation to fire-breathing overconfi dence. There are also more modem problems of the alliance—in cluding the political difficulties surrounding such questions as missile bases, disarmament or disengagement—which are still being hotly debated and which remain still largely unsolved. And to all these has now been added a brand new ques tion which, in a sense, subor dinates all of the others and strikes most deeply at the very foundation of the alliance. It is simply the question of what, in terms of modem weaopons. NATO amounts to as a mili tary organisation. And beyond this: How important is NATO’s role today in the cold war struggle between East and West? Now a Third Phase As one asks the questions and listens to the answers of NATO’s military and political leaders, it gradually becomes clear that NATO, in its six years of existence, has passed through two distinct stages and is now entering a third The first stage began in 1952, in the wake of the Korean war. when the member nations of the alliance, meeting in Lisbon, agreed to raise some thing in the neighborhood of 75 fully equipped divisions to protect Europe against a pos sible Russian attack. It was a somewhat conclusive effort at self-protection made when at tack seemed imminent. At that time, although both sides pos sessed atomic weapons, the military concept of defending Western Europe was based on the use of conventional wea pons, with the Rhine as the first major line of defense. The second phase began in 1954—10ng before the plans made in Lisbon had been put into effect. Two things brought about a radical switch in thinking. A* ♦ Sunday Special Soup du Jour or Chilled Fruit Juice BAKED CHICKEN LOAF Fricassee Sauce Candied Sweet Potato, Buttered Garden Peas Assorted Rolls and Butter Howard Johnson's Ice Cream or Sherbet Coffee, Tea or Orange Drink flouußDjoHnion] "LANDMARK FOR HUNGRY AMERICANS" F 1 A- rJ The first was the realization that while a military attack against Western Europe might be postponed indefinitely, the economies of the member na tions might not indefinitely support forces of the size called for at Lisbon. The second was the fact that the American atomic arsenal had begun to turn out weapons in quantity and adaptable to a wide range of military use. This en couraged the idea that the NATO area might belief ended successfully with as few as 30 divisions—providing that full use was made of atomic wea pons, both strategically and tactically. A-Weapons Stressed Today no point is more heavi ly stressed during a tour of NATO’s defenses than the ab solute necessity of using atom ic weapons to stop an attack. In Washington, military theoreti cians may argue about the im practicality of using ‘‘ultimate” weapons in a time of nuclear equality between East and West. In Europe, the men who would be doing the fighting say frankly, and forcefully that without these '■ultimate” wea pons they would be out of busi ness. And that the possibility of defending the area by conven tional means simply does not exist. Even with nuclear weapons, the defense of the area is no sure‘thing. In successive head quarters from Norway to Tur key the reporters met a soldier ly combination of confidence and fatalism. The recurrent themes: "No commander ever has the strength he thinks he needs ... we would fight with the ■weapons we have to fight with j. . . In a war, nothing is ever ! sure.” But as they polish their war plans, improve their techniques and tighten the lines of com munication that bind the whole apparatus together, the military leaders of NATO are today looking forward to the next, and perhaps the ultimate phase of the Western military al liance. It May Have Begun This phase, when it comes, i will once again radically change most of the basic con cepts that today give NATO its purpose and meaning. And it will come whenever the Rus- I sians develop a missile capacity ■ capable of covering the area with nuclear weapons irom deep Inside the Soviet Union. In fact, the third phase may have already begun. In the course of their tour, the re porters heard a number of sharply differing versions of Russian missile capability from intelligence officers. They were left wLh the Impression that at least a degree of un certainty exists at various levels of the NATO command. But whether the Russians have the missiles now, or will have them two years from now. is almost beside the point. The point is that when the day ar rives that the Soviet Union is able to strike anywhere in the NATO area with an intermedi ate missile of 1,400 miles range, some radical rethinking of NATO’s defensive problems will again be in order. Part of the answer, of course, is for the West to have missile bases of its own in Western Europe. But when it comes to the question of what useful ness, if any, the rest of the painfully-constructed NATO machinery will have, the fcn- ’, 11 .O . , > < —■* wv JBi JL WJWMi 1 ■ 7 i’; /■ ■ ■- ■ ESTATES YACHT AND COUNTRY CLUB % iiiKA/iir w _— on the natural to protected waters of Piscatewayßay | 15 minutes from Washington gHMi fZKj . . . acclaimed as Washington's - W Mt IM finest development . . . oTm Byour best buy in choice HI HOMESITES AVAILABLE nftffl *3 095 60-FT. 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And although their arguments < are still less than .wholly con- 1 vinclng, they tend to encour- . age the theory that NATO, in the missile age. may not be so ! obsolete as might at first seem 1 to be the case. (Tomorrow: War in a Com mand Poet.) ( I I DULLES . Continued From First Page 1 know-how to make them, from j the United States. If France develops her own. then she can brandish them in dependently. But if she gets aid from the United States, she will be under some curbs. Oen. de Gaulle held the latter plan out to Mr. Dulles as a basis to day-adding that France would like it, .too, because it would cost less money. Mr. Dulles replied by point ing out that new modification; of the American Atomic Energy Act said atomic secrets could go only to advanced nuclear nations and that only Britain seemed to qualify. Dulles "Pleased" The official American spokes man at the end of the day said that the atomic question was not the most important of the meetings, that other subjects were given more attention There was “no intransigence, no roadblocks," he said. Mr. Dulles, he added, was “highly pleased.” Meanwhile, back at the For eign Office, reporters were be ing told the atomic subject was “primordial" in importance during talks. This is the same thing which French officials have been saying all week in anticipation of these meetings. A French spokesman made it clear that Mr. Dulles and Gen. de Gaulle disagreed on the de sirability of France becoming an atomic power and over American aid. He said Gen. de Gaulle told Mr. Dulles that “France had the task of becoming an atomic power and that she was de termined to do so. He left no doubt of the determination of his government to bring France ■ into the ranks of atomic powers i to which it belongs by rights." Diplomatic Talks Due Both sides did agree, how i ever, that discussion of the I atomic question would continue . in normal diplomatic channels. ! The best interpretation of all ■ this is that the two countries i are bargaining closely over i American aid and also over ■ sites for NATO atomic mis . siles. Gen. Norstad is trying ' to negotiate sites in France. I The French government posi tion always has been that they , would permit missiles to be set » up here provided trance had i in effect a veto over their use. > The spokesman ■ said Mr. Dulles did offer hit ! I views on quicker use of NATO ) j atomic weapons in France-This -1 was taken to be a small Amer- ican step toward compromise:) You take the sites and we will ■ let you have a greater say In; their use. and in that way you won t need your own atomic i production. But France is still bargain ing. Broad Agreement Reached As interesting as the nuclear dispute was the apparently genuine agreement on many broad subjects. Mr. Dulles started the first session with Gen. de Gaulle by giving a half-hour exposition of Amer ican -views on East-West rela tions. assessing present Soviet intentions and the significance of recent shifts in Kremlin tactics. Gen. de Gaulle listened silently, taking notes. Then he replied at equal length, referring to those notes. Both the French and American spokesmen said they showed remarkable similarity of views.; They talked also about a summit meeting (both agreed l the Russians only want a pub lic spectacle, not a serious ne-. gotiating session). NATO, the Middle East (including North Africa in general though not Algeria in specific), the Far East, disarmament, the current Geneva meeting between East and West scientists on detec- 1 tion of atomic explosions and the latest Khrushchev letter to President Eisenhower propos ing technical-level talks on means of preventing surprise attacks. -j There was agreement on everything except atomic arms. No Interpreter The two leaders had lunch— wives of delegates were invited i —and then resumed their talks. This time they were private. There was no interpreter. Mr. Dulles spoke French. The American spokesman declined to say what was dis cussed but the French spokes man indicated that this was when the atomic question was talked over most thoroughly. Gen. de Gaulle led Mr. Dulles to his car' at the end of the session, still talking ear nestly and gesturing emphat ically. Today was the first time in 11 years Gen. de Gaulle and Mr. Dulles had met. The last time was in 1947 when Mr. Dulles came here as special en voy from then Secretary of State George Marshall to talk with French party leaders about the Communist political threat. Gen. de Gaulle then headed his own party. Imam to Go to Italy CAIRO, July 5 GF).—The newspaper Al Ahram says the 84-year-old 'rliler of Yemen. ( Imam Ahmed, will leave his p medieval kingdom on the Red . Sea soon for T his first visit to 1 the Western world. The report j said he will pass through Cairo t and will go to Italy for medical ■ treatment. Makarios Gets i Cleric's Apology LONDON, July 5 UP).—The Archbishop of Canterbury | apologized today for calling Archbishop Makarios, Greek Cypriot religious leader, a bad character. Dr. Geoffrey Fisher made the, reference June 25 in an inter view after a new flareup of I troubles on the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus. Dr. Fisher said his criticism of the Archbishop was "con fined strictly to certain political aspecte.” He explained he did not mean to reflect on the Greek Orthodox clergyman's personal character or church office. A telegram sent by Dr. Fisher to the Greek Orthodox Arch bishop of Athens and patriarch of Alexandria said: ‘Archbishop Makarios' ec clesiastical office highly hon lored by me. My remarks ex pressly excluded reflections on his personal character. Sin cerely regret use of unpre mediated phrase liable to give offense. Earnestly pray that ecclesiastical brotherhood may remain unimpaired.” Windsor at Swiss Clinic for Shingles LAUSANNE, Switzerland, July 5 (IP).—The Duke of! Windsor, reported suffering j from shingles, spent several i hours at the Lausanne's Nestle Clinic today for the first of a series of medical examinations J The Duke, who is expected to; stay here until mid-July, was I examined by Dr. Alfred | Vanotti, professor at Lausanne University and one of Switzer land’s leading specialists on circulatory diseases. The Duke returned to his | hotel for lunch and spent the’ afternoon playing golf. This Week's Item PICKETS 10% off I REDWOOD Tabbs and Benches; Siding I SAKRETE Ready-mixed Cement ; INSULATION Kimsvt lock wool, Fibarglag I I 1320 WHwn IW, Art. JA. 4-1234 Piano Sale! 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