Evening star. [volume], March 08, 1959, Page E-12, Image 120

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
E-12
THE SUNDAY STAR
WoiUngtoo, D. C„ Sender, Morth «, 1959
■Future of Mozambique
Worries Portuguese
tiOURENCO MARQUIS, MO
ZAMBIQUE, Mar. 7 (NANA).
—Tor the first time In more
than M yean the Portuguese
overlords of this vast territory
on the Indian Ooean are worried
about losing it. -
Their chief concern is that,
despite censorship and rigorous
politioal control, the native pop
ulation here will be inflamed by
nationalism in neighboring Njr
asaland and. particularly, in
the Congo. Riots in the Congo
recently spurred concessions
tram Belgium regarding future
Independence for Its mid-Afri
can colony.
Both Belgium and Portugal
had directed all their efforts
toward the economic and cul
tural development of their Al
rican colonies, hoping that the
pattves would be content with
this and forget about political
ambitions.
Represented in Parliament
This apparently has not
worked in the Belgian Congo
and now the Portuguese wonder
whether it will work in Mozam
bique.
Officially, Mozambique is an
overseas province of Portugal
last as Algeria is' of France—
and Its 6,000,000 inhabitants
are represented in the Parlia
ment in Lisbon. Although there
Is an advisory legislative coun
cil here, the highest authority
lathe Governor-General. Ul
timately, as in Portugal itself,
all power rests with Premier
Antonio De Oliveira Salazar,
"dean of Europe’s dictators."
In some ways, Mozambique
is “progressive” in its racial
policy, compared to other
European-governed territories
in Africa. Instead of a “color
bar” It has what might be
called a “culture bar.”
A legal distinction is made
between “civilized" and “un
civilized” persons; once a non-
European has acquired Western
habits and culture he is ac
cepted as an “assimilado” and
Is given full privileges of Por
tuguese citizenship.
Nevertheless, only 5,000 Afri
cans have qualified for "as
similado” status, despite several
centuries of Portuguese influ
ence and control here. The ter
ritory-nine times as large as
Portugal—has about 70,000
Europeans, as well as 30.000
persons of mixed race and 16.-
000 Indians.
Economic Btri—j
While mal_ng slow progress
In _BBimilating the natives—
there are only about 2,000 high
school students in the entire
territory—the Portuguese are
making significant strides in the
economic development of Mo
zambique.
Two major resettlement and
development projects—one al
ready in effect, the other being
studied:—are likely to have a
great impact on the economy.
Some 6,000 immigrant fanners
from Portugal and 3.000 native
Mozambique families have been
settled along the Limpopo River,
where a new dam har brought
500,000 acres into use including
75.000 acres under irrigation.
A similar redevelopment
scheme Is planned for the Zam
besi Basin. And Beira, chief
port both for Mozambique and
copper-rich Rhodesia, rapidly
Is becoming a center of indus
try.
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Whether these economic im
provements—and the trappings
of Portuguese culture—will be
enough to content the African
natives is the question of th«
moment here. TO date, there
has been little, if any, organ
ised opposition to Portuguese
rule.
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despite war losses and Its
shrunken size.
Its population has Increased
by about II million since 1939.
The population density is about
10 times that of the United
States.
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'A SIGN OF INTEGRITY-
Czech Roundup
Nets Hundreds
As 'Anti-State'
VIENNA, Mar. 7 (AP).
Hundreds have been arrested—
and scores sentenced to prison
—in Czechoslovakia In recent
weeks on charges of anti-state
activities, according to Czech
newspapers reaching Vienna
The most frequently mentioned
charge was theft of state
property.
The papers said trials are
going on all the time in this
drive against “cheaters and
enemies of the regime” in that
Communist state.
Charges Include sabotage, il
legal possession of weapons,
resisting farm collectivization,
distributing anti - Communist
leaflets and teaching sedition
in Roman Catholic churches
and seminaries.
A high point in the campaign
came in late February when
Interior Minister Rudolf Barak
announced the arrest of 175
persons. They were accused of
having hidden stocks of cloth
and building materials, gold
and foreign exchange worth
several million dollars.
Deeper Meaning Suspected
It was also alleged they pos
sessed weapons, four private
airplanes, radio transmitters
and stacks of anti-Communist
leaflets.
This was a big roundup for
any Communist-ruled country,
but an especially startling one
to he announced for Czechoslo
vakia. long regarded as the
quietest and most-disciplined
of Russia's European satellites.
The multiplicity of charges
made during publicized trials
Indicate there was more in
volved in the police drive than
thievery and large-scale spec
ulation.
The latest edition of Pravda
published in Bratislava, Czecho
slovakia, announced the sen
tencing of 25 butchers from a
state-owned meat warehouse
for theft of socialist property
valued at about 650,000. Their
terms ranged to seven years.
The Prague Communist Party
dally Rude Pravo reported five
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leading officials of a state
owned farm sentenced to terms
ranging to 12 years for sabo
tage, theft and speculation.
In the town of Jlhlava (Iglau)
another group, including a 73-
year-old woman, was impris
oned for speculation in lipsticks
and other scarce materials.
So-called Kulaks (rich farm
ers) also are being jailed—for
resisting collectivization, with
holding on crop deliveries or
illegally possessing guns.
The oft-expressed complaint
of many people living under
Communist rule that they “have
to steal to live” is rejected by
Czechoslovakia’s Communist
prosecutors, who claim the ac
cused are chiefly malcontents
who have been dispossessed of
their former holdings by Com
munist decrees.
The Communist regime also
Jamaica Divers Seek.
Quake-Sunk Artifacts
KINOSTON, Jamaica, Mar. 7
(AP).—A search for historic
artifacts buried in the great
earthquake of 1692 is scheduled
to begin in April.
Permission for submarine ex
ploration of the old pirate city
of Port Royal has been granted
Edward A. Link by the govern
ment of Jamaica.
habitually accuses the “Western
imperialists” and the Vatican of
inciting Czechoslovak citizens
to subversion and other anti
government activities.
Mr. Link, noted for his ma
rine studies, will work under
sponsorship of the Smithsonian
Institution in Washington.
Members of the Jamaica branch
of the Bub-Aqua Club will co
operate.
A new boat specially equipped
for underwater explorations
has been built. The Port Royal
project will enable Mr. Link
to test both the boat and Its
equipment before undertaking
a larger project in the Medi
terranean. Details of that job
have not been announced.
Mr. Link has done much work
in the Caribbean area, study
ing marine life and exploring
historical ruins.
As a preliminary to the work
here, the Institute of Jamaica
has attempted to reconstruct
from early records a map of
Port Royal prior to the devas
tating earthquake.
It is known that the lieu
tenant governor’s residence,
the legislative council chamber,
pirate Henry Morgan’s house,
the church and many other im
portant buildings lie under what
Is now the dockyard.
Mr. Link has emphasized that
the exploration will not be a
treasure hunt. Much histori
cal material may be kept in a
museum to be erected in Port
Royal, a city which figured
largely in the early history of
Jamaica.