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DAVID LAWRENCE Soviet Blackmail Against U. N. Charter Provision of Action on Reds For Refusing to Share Expenses Cited The Soviet government Is attempting to blackmail the United Nations. It has an nounced a refusal to pay its share of the U. N. expenses in the Congo. The other Communist members take the same position. When a member of a club refuses to pay dues, he is usually dropped from mem bership. When a member says he will pay dues only if the majority of the club bow to his wishes, the custom is to denounce any such pres sure and expel him from membership. Last Tuesday the Soviet government formally notified the secretary general of the United Nations that it would not pay its share of a $66,- 625,000 appropriation needed to cover the expenses of the first six months of the U. N. emergency force in the Congo. The Soviet delegate told the General Assembly’s adminis trative and budgetary com mittee that the money is being spent in the Congo in violation of Security Council directives in order to support “Western colonialists” and that Russia and the Commu nict bloc “does not feel It can participate in paying the costs.” This provokes a crisis in the future of the U. N. Will it yield to blackmail and let any member decide whether or not to pay its allotted share of the expense of the organization? The U. N. Charter says in Article 17: “1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the organiza tion. “2. The expenses of the or ganization shall be borne by the members as apportioned by the General Assembly.” Under Article 19, the Charter says: “A member of the United DORIS FLEESON A Clash of the No. 2 Candidates A Good Show, With Lots of Hard Blows Predicted if Lodge and Johnson Meet Arguments over the fifth and final telecast between Treasury Undersecretary Scribner, acting for Vice President Nixon, and Leon ard Reinsch of the Cox newspapers, acting for Sen ator Kennedy, have been a kind of championship match on its own. A tentative date has been set for next Monday in Philadelphia. Since both sides hope to capture the big Keystone State and have reasons to be optimistic about it, this seems to be an agree able choice. All else has been a hard fight. Vice President Nixon is de manding a confrontation of the vice-presidential nomi nees, former United Nations Ambassador Lodge and Sen ator Johnson of Texas, but he does not want the public to watch them argue with each other. His idea is that each should make a set statement. This condition suggests that he thinks Mr. Lodge has the best of it pictorially and by reason of his nearly eight years in speaking for the United States in the United RALPH McGILL Kefauver Confident for Kennedy Tennessean Calls Republicans Jittery And Sniffs Democratic Victory NEW YORK. Senator Estes Kefauver. the tall Ten nessean, dropped into New York for a speech and a word of cheer to the party faith ful. The Senator, whose coonskin cap was a political symbol of strength and meaning a few years ago, has been busy speaking for the nominees. Very few speakers, other than the principals, receive a big press. But, the amiable Tennessean has been ‘ going here and there exhort ing the voters in behalf of Senators Kennedy and John son. He also is confident, both publicly and privately, that the trend is running toward the Democrats. "You can sense it,” he said, “the way a good fox hound can smell out the trail. And by now the Republicans are showing signs they know it, too. They haven’t panicked. But, they have shown their concern. They are throwing the Presi dent into Pennsylvania as an extra, late attraction. And the Vice President, too, is revealing the jittery state of his nerves. He looks to me to be off balance. He talks that way, too. He just hasn’t measured up to his party’s image of the sort of candi date they wanted. “There is a dissatisfaction with the Nixon campaign among Republicans. This is becoming a subject of public conversation. Even when they thought he outdid Sen ator Kennedy on debates they still weren’t satisfied. Mr. Nixon never quite measured up to what they want from him. I think we’ve got them licked.” Senator Kefauver also be lieves California to be ready for a Democratic vote. This is not merely because there are more party registrants. His A Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its finan cial contributions to the or ganization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. Thfe General Assem bly may. nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the member.” But none of the Communist bloc members is bankrupt or financially incapable of pay ing the assessments imposed by the General Assembly. The record shows, more over, that the Soviet Union has paid none of its share of the expense for policing the Gaza Strip, authorized by the U. N. after the Suez crisis in 1956. Out of the 1960 bill of $2O million, this country is paying $9,697,064, but the Soviet Union now has been in default of its assessments for four years’, totaling more than $lO million. Other Com munist-bloc countries have followed the same course. The Soviet government takes the position that it will decide for itself what assess ments it will pay of those levied by the U. N. General Assembly on all members. In effect, this means that, if the Soviets don't like a parti cular resolution or directive, even though a majority of the members formally adopt it, there will be a refusal to pay until the Assembly con forms to the wishes of the minority dissenters. This is a form of blackmail which, if tolerated, will mean world wide loss of respect for the United Nations organization. Indeed, it is conceivable that failure to meet its obli- Nations. Mr. Lodge is also believed to have strong ap peal for women voters, espe cially because he is identi fied so strongly with peace and the arguments against the Russians. Presumably also Mr. Nixon would like to remind the crucial States where all the major fire is now centered by both presidential nomi nees that Senator Kennedy is running with a Texan who is a civil rights mod erate. Democrats know Senator Johnson as an accomplished controversialist who can on occasion speak with deep feeling and conviction. They would unhesitatingly enter him in a real debate with Mr. Lodge and, indeed, with practically anybody. The Senate Majority Leader also has an enormous fund of knowledge about the day-to day operations of the Gov ernment as reflected in Con gress. It would be difficult to out-know him on major matters. His service goes back to the New Deal days, for he was elected to the House in 1937 conclusion is based on obser vation. “The Democrats are at work,” he said. “That is true all over the Nation. Ken nedy has inspired them to get out the vote. He gives them a solid reason to try to elect everyone, the local ticket and the national one. We have had more Democrats for some years,” he said, “but they didn’t work hard in the last two campaigns. This year they are.” And none is working more diligently or loyally than “Ol* Keef,” who was one of those for whom the party didn’t toil hard enough in 1956. Meanwhile, the religious issue continues to be a sub ject. It is the goblin of the last weeks of the campaign. There are persons who are not bigots who have reserva tions about the Senator’s faith. But, it is perfectly ap parent that in these last two weeks the bigots are domi nating this issue. The Fair Campaign Practices Com mittee has a national map showing the origins of the smear material and the sites of greatest distribution. In general, the Atlantic sea board States, from Maine on down, show the heaviest use of religious slander. Penn sylvania is heavily infected. In the West, California is saturated. In Puerto Rico three bumbling bishops read a pastoral letter against a political party in this island possession of the United States. While this touched off a new tirade from the more extreme, it should be helpful to Senator Kennedy with those who have an open mind. It dramatically spot lighted the position of Sen ator Kennedy and the gen eral position of American Catholicism which supports 4 gallons could mean the ex pulsion of the Soviet Union from the Security Council, too. It has often been argued that, since the Moscow gov ernment is. a "permanent” member and holds a veto in the Security Council, it can never be expelled from the United Nations. But a close look at the language of the charter disputes this view. Thus article 6 says: “A member of the United Nations which has persist ently violated the principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the organization by the Gen eral Assembly upon the rec ommendation of the Secur ity Council.” Also, Article 27 says: “De cisions of the Security Coun cil on procedural matters shall be made by an affrma tive vote of seven members.” Certainly payment of dues and assessments is a “pro cedural” matter, so the So viet government's single veto would not be sufficient to prevent expulsion. And how can any organization survive if it can’t get the money for expenses from its members? The United States pays the biggest share of the U. N. expenses. The estimated cost of all U. N. operations in 1960 is about $283,650,000, of which this country' will pay nearly half, or approximately $120,500,000. Why should the United States bear such a burden when the Soviet gov ernment decides for itself what expenses it will pay and those on which it will openly welsh? The Soviet Union this year will pay around $17,455,000 for some of the regular expenses of the U. N. but declines to pay any as sessment of which it doesn't approve, though there is nothing in the Charter to sustain such defiance or such pressure to change policies by withholding money contri butions. This is really black mail. (Copyright, 1990) and to the Senate in 1948. In 1953 he was elected Demo cratic leader and his associa tions since then with the Republican President have been close, much too close to suit liberal Democrats. Too, he served with his Re publican rival when Mr. Lodge was a Senator which would add another arrow to his quiver, since he knows Mr. Lodge's strength and weaknesses well. Thus Mr. Nixon is well advised not to give that encounter, should it take place, free rein. It could just happen that the public, which has seen four Nixon-Kennedy telecasts, might relish the new flavor more than the old and attach undue importance to the out come of a Lodge-Johnson hassle. Reporters who know both vice presidential rivals well would gamble on their giving a good show, with neither hesitant to deal hard blows. The general strategy at this point is clear in both camps. It is to cut losses in the States with fewer electoral votes and hit the big ones hard. In this effort foreign policy looms large though it is Senator Kennedy’s hope to get in some final sledge-hammer blows about the lagging state of the economy. separation of church and state and disowns any such practices. Here again we have a clear example of the fact that actions by the church outside American practices are not relevant to Senator Kennedy. He will uphold the Constitution of the United States. As a matter of fact, it is immature to suggest that a Catholic could, if he wished, do any harm to the con stitutional provisions under which we live. The great hope for our country is that in this campaign the voters will vote their convictions and not allpw religious pre judice to Intervene. Senator Kennedy is in a difficult position. While the G.O.P. high command has forth rightly denounced use of the anti-Catholic smears, the fact remains they are being used in behalf of Mr. Nixon. This fact makes it the more imperative that Republicans take the lead in condemning as false and un-American the use of the material now flooding the mails and being handed out in political crowds. The SANTA w SHOP OPENING Saturday 8001 Bradley Blvd. Bethesda, Md. 4 Fairyland For Kiddies and Adults 3— SENATOR CAUCUS -«r *r”» TTSFI I™-"-5] -ql 1 B -J rVt? I . 1\ l\ J ft? j _eowß. > .sg_«tN U cone, tm woklb ribhts divo “First election promise I ever made!” POTOMAC FEVER By FLETCHER KNEBEL Rules for the fifth debate: Each candidate will be al lowed an opening and a closing alibi. *• * • Democrats fear a last-minute Nixon surprise. Sample: “I shall go to Quemoy, and Ezra Benson to Matsu—forever.” «• • * Nixon and Kennedy applaud the expansion of the Amer ican League to 10 teams. Nixon claims this shows the pres tige of American baseball vs. that of the Soviet Union has never been higher, while Kennedy notes this will be a growth rate of 25 per cent a year under his administration. ** * * Female undecided voter: She doesn’t know whether to vote her prejudices or her husband's. •* * ♦ Cook’s glossary: Parsley—What good little boys and girls who eat their spinach get when they grow up. •• • * Teen-age dictionary: “Or something’’—A well-known thing or place as in "He’s her cousin or something,” or “She used to live in Kankakee or something.” England’s best-selling car is priced hundreds less than domestic compacts ... has more power, more space than leading German and French imported economy cars. No wonder car experts call it America’s "best buy"! ANNOUNCING PRICED HUNDREDS LESS than U.S. 111 U1 1• • • compacts. Yours for as little as $3O a month after down payment. AMERICAN RFTTFR RIIY nillJLllLlvA u ULil ILill LIU 1 ... equals or exceeds comparable imports. 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Moore-Grear Motors, Inc. MacGregor Motors, Inc. George Washington Garage Mark Motor Co. 4400 Connecticut Ave. N.W. 416 West Main St. 210 North Loudoun St. 2)0 Hungerford Drive Washington, D. C. Charlottesville, Vo. Winchester, Vo. Rockville, Md. John Gifford Motors Palmer Mercury Bert Spriggs Motor Soles, Inc. Hill & Sanders, Inc. ( fsORD ) 2501 Columbia Pike 3110 Hamilton Street 1013 West St. 11250 Viers Mill Rd. Arlington, Va. West Hyattsville, Md. Annapolis, Md. Wheaton, Md. mode In England for STn/ Dasrborn, Mich., by Ford Motor Co., ltd.—builders of the better Imported cars: Anglia • Prefect • Consul • Zephyr'* Zodiac • Escort • Thames Vans WILLIAM S. WHITE ■ t Likelihood of a Staggering Vote Reverse of Apathy Found in Crowds Listening to Nixon and Kennedy On the big question—who is winning the presidential campaign?—there can be no more sense of assurance than there was two months ago or two weeks ago. But from many sources—talks with all sorts of politicians, personal observation on whistle-stop and other trips with both candidates, and so on—some other important things at least now seem very clear. The prospect is that a staggering total vote will be cast in this election. The national decision, whether it shall favor Democrat John F. Kennedy or Republican Richard Nixon, will have been a decision taken by the people themselves with a degree of voting participation we have never seen before. There is the reverse of "apathy” among the public. To know this one has only to see at first hand the im mense, patient crowds drawn up in the snow for Mr. Nixon, drawn up in the rain for Senator Kennedy. There is far less automatic partisanship than in past presidential campaigns. Old line habitual Republicans are not necessarily and unthink ingly Republican this time. Ditto old-line and habitual Democrats. There is much anxiety in the country. Wherever and however one meets people— on a campaign train, an air liner. a restaurant in town or city—this concern quickly breaks through the conversa tion. What troubles people? No single answer can be given, for the worry and con cern seem a many-sided thing. Some vaguely fear war; some thinking Senator Kennedy might bring it about. THE EVENING STAR Wotkingtow, 0. C., frUar, Oefbtr U, 1960 some thinking Mr. Nixon might. Others fear recession. This correspondent’s guess, however, is that what bas ically troubles most people is not really fear. It is rather an awareness that we are entering a new and unknow able era, leaving the com fortable years of Dwight Eisenhower and walking to ward new years with a new man—whether it is to be Mr. Nixon or Senator Kennedy— easily young enough to be Eisenhower’s son. An enormous number of voters either have not made up their minds: are changing inconclusively back and for ward from day to day; or are simply unwilling to indicate their choice if they have actually made it. No really vast number seems to back either candidate in the deep, emotional way that people used to back Roosevelt or Mr. Eisenhower or Mr. Truman or Thomas E. Dewey for that matter. Neither can didate is idolized; neither candidate, but for scattered exceptions, is hated. Both are widely thought to be competent; but neither is widely thought to be an indispensable man, or a genius. Both are seen as good fighters, fair fighters on the whole, who are giving the public a good show. It does not follow, however, that the people think of this campaign as a jolly game. They think of it as a deeply serious contest, indeed. It is as though they believed time has run out on the old strictly emotional political attitudes in which a voter’s own favor ite was seven feet of nobility and his opponent a dreadful fellow who probably ought to be in jail, • This remarkable process of coolly weighing up one man against another goes so far that you will run occasionally into a great phenomenon. It is possible sometimes to hear even an associate of one can didate say a reasonably fair word about the other can didate. There is a great deal of public sympathy simply for the immense exertions being made by the candidates, the sacrifices they are so de monstrably making in terms of physical exhaustion. The sentiment among many ordi nary voters even in desiring the defeat of the other side's candidates is "Don't cheer, boys, the poor .devils are dying.” Perhaps what we are doing now is saying goodbye to a whole political era in which simple love for one candidate and simple malice toward another formed the voting standard of millions. Architecture Staff At CU Adds Two Catholic University has added two instructors to the staff of its School of Engineering and Architecture. • Dr. William R. Osgood comes to the school from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He also has served on the faculty at the Illinois Institute of Technology. John H. Baltrukonis, new professor of civil engineering, is a graduate of Catholic Uni versity. He has been employed ’ by Space Technology Labora tories, Inc., Los Angeles; Hughes Aircraft Corp., Culver City, Calif., and the Lockheed Mis siles and Space Division, Van Nuys, Oalif. A-15